Showing papers in "viXra in 2014"

Topsis Method for Multi-Attribute Group Decision Making Under Single-Valued Neutrosophic Environment

Abstract: A single-valued neutrosophic set is a special case of neutrosophic set. It has been proposed as a generalization of crisp sets, fuzzy sets, and intuitionistic fuzzy sets in order to deal with incomplete information. In this paper, a new approach for multi-attribute group decision making problems is.

On the rapid computation of various polylogarithmic constants

Abstract: We give algorithms for the computation of the d-th digit of certain transcendental numbers in various bases. These algorithms can be easily implemented (multiple precision arithmetic is not needed), require virtually no memory, and feature run times that scale nearly linearly with the order of the digit desired. They make it feasible to compute, for example, the billionth binary digit of log (2) or π on a modest work station in a few hours run time.

Interval Neutrosophic Sets and Their Application in Multicriteria Decision Making Problems

Abstract: As a generalization of fuzzy sets and intuitionistic fuzzy sets, neutrosophic sets have been developed to represent uncertain, imprecise, incomplete, and inconsistent information existing in the real world.

Some Generalized Neutrosophic Number Hamacher Aggregation Operators and Their Application to Group Decision Making

Abstract: The neutrosophic set (NS) can be better to express the incomplete, indeterminate and inconsistent information, and Hamacher aggregation operators extended the Algebraic and Einstein aggregation operators and the generalized aggregation operators can generalize the arithmetic, geometric, and quadratic aggregation operators. In this paper, we combined Hamacher operations and generalized aggregation operators to NS, and proposed some new aggregation operators. Firstly, we presented some new operational laws for neutrosophic numbers (NNs) based on Hamacher operations and studied their properties. Then, we proposed the generalized neutrosophic number Hamacher weighted averaging (GNNHWA) operator, generalized neutrosophic number Hamacher ordered weighted averaging (GNNHOWA) operator, and generalized neutrosophic number Hamacher hybrid averaging (GNNHHA) operator, and explored some properties of these operators and analyzed some special cases of them. Furthermore, we gave a new method based on these operators for multiple attribute group decision making problems with neutrosophic numbers, and the operational steps were illustrated in detail. Finally, an application example is given to verify the proposed method and to demonstrate its effectiveness.

Introduction to Neutrosophic Statistics

Abstract: Neutrosophic Statistics means statistical analysis of population or sample that has indeterminate (imprecise, ambiguous, vague, incomplete, unknown) data. For example, the population or sample size might not be exactly determinate because of some individuals that partially belong to the population or sample, and partially they do not belong, or individuals whose appurtenance is completely unknown. Also, there are population or sample individuals whose data could be indeterminate. In this book, we develop the 1995 notion of neutrosophic statistics. We present various practical examples. It is possible to define the neutrosophic statistics in many ways, because there are various types of indeterminacies, depending on the problem to solve.

Single-Valued Neutrosophic Minimum Spanning Tree and Its Clustering Method

Abstract: Clustering plays an important role in data mining, pattern recognition, and machine learning. Then, single-valued neutrosophic sets (SVNSs) are a useful means to describe and handle indeterminate and inconsistent information, which fuzzy sets and intuitionistic fuzzy sets cannot describe and deal with. To cluster the data represented by single-value neutrosophic information, the article proposes a single-valued neutrosophic minimum spanning tree (SVNMST) clustering algorithm. Firstly, we defined a generalized distance measure between SVNSs. Then, we present an SVNMST clustering algorithm for clustering single-value neutrosophic data based on the generalized distance measure of SVNSs. Finally,two illustrative examples are given to demonstrate the application and effectiveness of the developed approach.

Interval-valued neutrosophic soft sets and its decision making

Abstract: In this paper, the notion of the interval valued neutrosophic soft sets (ivn soft sets) is defined which is a combination of an interval valued neutrosophic sets [36] and a soft sets [30]. Our ivn soft sets generalizes the concept of the soft set, fuzzy soft set, interval valued fuzzy soft set, intuitionistic fuzzy soft set, interval valued intuitionistic fuzzy soft set and neutrosophic soft set. Then, we introduce some definitions and operations on ivn soft sets sets. Some properties of ivn soft sets which are connected to operations have been established. Also, the aim of this paper is to investigate the decision making based on ivn soft sets by level soft sets. Therefore, we develop a decision making methods and then give a example to illustrate the developed approach. Keyword: Interval sets, soft sets, fuzzy sets, intuitionistic fuzzy sets, neutrosophic sets, level soft set.

Multiple-attribute Decision-Making Method under a Single-Valued Neutrosophic Hesitant Fuzzy Environment

Abstract: On the basis of the combination of single-valued neutrosophic sets and hesitant fuzzy sets, this article proposes a single-valued neutrosophic hesitant fuzzy set (SVNHFS) as a further generalization of the concepts of fuzzy set, intuitionistic fuzzy set, single-valued neutrosophic set, hesitant fuzzy set, and dual hesitant fuzzy set. Then, we introduce the basic operational relations and cosine measure function of SVNHFSs. Also, we develop a single-valued neutrosophic hesitant fuzzy weighted averaging (SVNHFWA) operator and a single-valued neutrosophic hesitant fuzzy weighted geometric (SVNHFWG) operator and investigate their properties. Furthermore, a multiple-attribute decision-making method is established on the basis of the SVNHFWA and SVNHFWG operators and the cosine measure under a single-valued neutrosophic hesitant fuzzy environment. Finally, an illustrative example of investment alternatives is given to demonstrate the application and effectiveness of the developed approach.

Neutrosophic soft relations and some properties

Abstract: In this work, we rst dene a relation on neutrosophic soft sets which allows to compose two neutrosophic soft sets. It is devised to derive useful information through the composition of two neutrosophic soft sets. Then, we examine symmetric, transitive and reexive neutrosophic soft relations and many related concepts such as equivalent neutrosophic soft set relation, partition of neutrosophic soft sets, equivalence classes, quotient neutrosophic soft sets, neutrosophic soft composition are given and their propositions are discussed. Finally a decision making method on neutrosophic soft sets is presented. 2010 AMS Classication: 03E72, 08A72

Radon Recording of Uttarkashi Earthquake

Abstract: Temporal and Spatial variations of Radon are recorded in soil gas and groundwater using two different techniques in Amritsar and Kangra valley.

Fusion of Sources of Evidence with Different Importances and Reliabilities

Abstract: This paper presents a new approach for combining sources of evidences with different importances and reliabilities. Usually, the combination of sources of evidences with different reliabilities is done by the classical Shafer’s discounting approach. Therefore, to consider unequal importances of sources, if any, a similar reliability discounting process is generally used, making no difference between the notion of importance and reliability. In fact, in multicriteria decision context, these notions should be clearly distinguished. This paper shows how this can be done and we provide simple examples to show the differences between both solutions for managing importances and reliabilities of sources. We also discuss the possibility for mixing them in a global fusion process.

Neutrosophy, A New Branch of Philosophy

Abstract: In this paper is presented a new branch of philosophy, called neutrosphy, which studies the origin, nature, and scope of neutralities, as well as their interactions with different ideational spectra. The Fundamental Thesis: Any idea is T% true, I% indeterminate, and F% false, where T, I, F are standard or non-standard subsets included in -0, 1+ . The Fundamental Theory: Every idea tends to be neutralized, diminished, balanced by ideas (not only , as Hegel asserted) - as a state of equilibrium. Neutrosophy is the base of neutrosophic logic, a multiple value logic that generalizes the fuzzy logic, of neutrosophic set that generalizes the fuzzy set, and of neutrosphic probability and neutrosophic statistics, which generalize the classical and imprecise probability and statistics respectively.

On the Integral Representation and Applications of the Generalized Function of Two Variables

Abstract: In this paper, the author defines the Aleph function of two variables, which is a generalization of the I-function of two variables due to Sharma et al.(9). In this regard the integral representation and applications of new function has been discussed. Similar results obtained by other authors follows as special cases of our findings.

Cosine Similarity Measure of Interval Valued Neutrosophic Sets

Abstract: In this paper, we define a new cosine similarity between two interval valued neutrosophic sets based on Bhattacharya’s distance [19]. The notions of interval valued neutrosophic sets (IVNS, for short) will be used as vector representations in 3D-vector space. Based on the comparative analysis of the existing similarity measures for IVNS, we find that our proposed similarity measure is better and more robust. An illustrative example of the pattern recognition shows that the proposed method is simple and effective.

A Schema for Protecting the Integrity of Databases

Abstract: Unauthorized changes to databases can result in significant losses for organizations as well as individuals. Watermarking can be used to protect the integrity of databases against unauthorized alterations. Prior work focused on watermarking database tables or relations. Malicious alteration cannot be detected in all cases. In this paper we argue that watermarking database indexes in addition to the database tables would improve the detection of unauthorized alterations. Usually, each database table in commercial applications has more than one index attached to it. Thus, watermarking the database table and all its indexes improve the likelihood of detecting malicious attacks. In general, watermarking different indexes like R-trees, B-trees, Hashes, require different watermarking techniques and exploit different redundancies in the underlying data structure. This diversity in watermarking techniques contributes to the overall integrity of the databases. Traditional relational watermarks introduce some error to the watermarked values and thus cannot be applied to all attributes. This paper proposes a novel watermarking scheme for R-tree data structures that does not change the values of the attributes. Moreover, the watermark does not change the size of the R-tree. The proposed technique takes advantage of the fact that R-trees do not put conditions on the order of entries inside the node. In the proposed scheme, entries inside R-tree nodes are rearranged, relative to a ‘‘secret’’ initial order (a secret key), in a way that corresponds to the value of the watermark. To achieve that, we propose a one-to-one mapping between all possible permutations of entries in the R-tree node and all possible values of the watermark. Without loss of generality, watermarks are assumed to be numeric values. The proposed mapping employs a numbering system that uses variable base with factorial value. The detection rate of the malicious attacks depends on the nature of the attack, distribution of the data, and the size of the R-tree node. Our extensive analysis and experimental results showed that the proposed technique detects data alteration with high probability (that reaches up to 99%) on real datasets using reasonable node sizes and attack model. The watermark insertion and extraction are mainly main memory operations, and thus, have

Vector Similarity Measures of Simplified Neutrosophic Sets and Their Application in Multicriteria Decision Making

Abstract: Neutrosophic set is a powerful general formal framework, which generalizes the concept of the classic set, fuzzy set, interval valued fuzzy set, intuitionistic fuzzy set, and interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy set from philosophical point of view. However, it will be difficult to apply in real science and engineering areas, while a simplified neutrosophic set (SNS) is a subclass of a neutrosophic set and includes the concepts of a single valued neutrosophic set (SVNS) and an interval neutrosophic set (INS), which can be used in real science and engineering applications with the incomplete, indeterminate and inconsistent information which exists commonly in real situations.

A Study on Problems of Construction Workers in West Bengal Based on Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps

Abstract: In this paper, we studied the problems faced by construction workers in West Bengal in order to find its solutions using neutrosophic cognitive maps, which is the generalization of fuzzy cognitive maps. Florentin Smarandache and Vasantha Kandasamy studied neutrosophic cognitive map which is an extension of fuzzy cognitive map by incorporating indeterminacy. Construction sector plays a major role in which construction workers face many problems in their day-to-day life. Some of the problems are discussed in the present study. The major problems are working for more number of hours, staying away from home, bad habits, absence of social security, misunderstanding, arguments with partners, stress, skin problems, sexual behavior & sexual health problem, and physical health problems. Based on the expert's opinion and the notion of indeterminacy, we formulate neutrosophic cognitive map. Then we studied the effect of two instantaneous state vectors separately on connection matrix E & neutrosophic adjacency matrix N(E).

Neutrosophic Crisp Sets & Neutrosophic Crisp Topological Spaces

Abstract: In this paper, we generalize the crisp topological space to the notion of neutrosophic crisp topological space, and we construct the basic concepts of the neutrosophic crisp topology. In addition to these, we introduce the denitions of neutrosophic crisp continuous function and neutrosophic crisp compact spaces. Finally, some characterizations concerning neutrosophic crisp compact spaces are presented and one obtains several properties. Possible application to GIS topology rules are touched upon.

New Operations over Interval Valued Intuitionistic Hesitant Fuzzy Set

Abstract: Hesitancy is the most common problem in decision making, for which hesitant fuzzy set can be considered as a useful tool allowing several possible degrees of membership of an element to a set. Recently, another suitable means were defined by Zhiming Zhang [1], called interval valued intuitionistic hesitant fuzzy sets, dealing with uncertainty and vagueness, and which is more powerful than the hesitant fuzzy sets. In this paper, four new operations are introduced on interval-valued intuitionistic hesitant fuzzy sets and several important properties are also studied.

Single Valued Neutrosophic Numbers and Their Applications to Multicriteria Decision Making Problem

Abstract: In this paper, we firstly introduced single valued neutrosophic numbers which is a generalization of fuzzy numbers and intuitionistic fuzzy numbers. A single valued neutrosophic number is simply an ordinary number whose precise value is somewhat uncertain from a philosophical point of view. Then, we will discuss two special forms of single valued neutrosophic numbers such as single valued trapezoidal neutrosophic numbers and single valued triangular neutrosophic numbers. Also, we give some operations on single valued trapezoidal neutrosophic numbers and single valued triangular neutrosophic numbers. Finally, we give a single valued trapezoidal neutrosophic weighted aggregation operator(SVTNWAO) and applied to multicriteria decision making problem. Keyword 0.1 Neutrosophic set, single valued neutrosophic numbers, trapezoidal neutrosophic numbers, triangular neutrosophic numbers, aggregation operators, decision making.

Neutrosophic Parametrized Soft Set Theory and Its Decision Making

Abstract: In this work, we present definition of neutrosophic parameterized (NP) soft set and its operations. Then we define NP-aggregation operator to form NP-soft decision making method which allows constructing more efficient decision processes. We also dive an example which shows that they can be successfully applied to problem that contain indeterminacy.

Solution of Fractional Ordinary Differential Equations by Natural Transform

Abstract: The fractional calculus for the Natural transform is introduced and some non homogenous fractional ordinary differential equations are solved using Natural transform.

Neutersophic Classical Events and Its Probability

Abstract: In this paper we introduce a new type of classical set called the neutrosophic classical set. After given the fundamental definitions of neutrosophic classical set operations, we obtain several properties, and discussed the relationship between neutrosophic classical sets and others. Finally, we generalize the classical probability to the notion of neutrosophic probability. This kind of probability is necessary because it provides a better representation than classical probability to uncertain events. Possible applications to computer sciences are touched upon.

Monomial geometric programming with fuzzy relation inequality constraints with max-product composition

Abstract: Monomials function has always been considered as a significant and most extensively used function in real living. Resource allocation, structure optimization and technology management can often apply these functions. In optimization problems the objective functions can be considered by monomials. In this paper, we present monomials geometric programming with fuzzy relation inequalities constraint with max-product composition. Simplification operations have been given to accelerate the resolution of the problem by removing the components having no effect on the solution process. Also, an algorithm and a few practical examples are presented to abbreviate and illustrate the steps of the problem resolution. 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Modified Gravity and Cosmology

Abstract: We propose a modification of Einstein-Cartan gravity equations. The modified cosmology departs from the standard model of cosmology for small Hubble parameter. A characteristic Hubble scale h0, which is intrinsically related to cosmological constant, marks the boundary between the validity domains of the standard model of cosmology and modified cosmology. Such a role for h0 is similar to Planck’s constant in the quantum/classical context, or to the speed of light c in the relativity/classical context. For large Hubble parameter, the standard model of cosmology is restored. In the opposite limit of small Hubble parameter, which is the case for present epoch, Lorentz-violating effects would manifest themselves. One of the implications is that there may be no need to invoke dark matter to account for cosmological mass discrepancies.

Implication of Culture: User Roles in Information Fusion for Enhanced Situational Understanding

Abstract: Information Fusion coordinates large-volume data processing machines to address user needs. Users expect a situational picture to extend their ability of sensing events, movements, and activities. Typically, data is collected and processed for object location (e.g. target identification) and movement (e.g. tracking); however, high-level reasoning or situational understanding depends on the spatial, cultural, and political effects. In this paper,we explore opportunities where information fusion can aid in the selection and processing of the data for enhanced tacit knowledge understanding by (1) display fusion for data presentation (e.g. cultural segmentation), (2)interactive fusion to allow the user to inject a priori knowledge (e..g. cultural values), and (3) associated metrics of predictive capabilities (e.g. cultural networks).In a simple scenario for target identification with deception, cultural information impacts on situational understanding is demonstrated using the Technology-Emotion-Culture-Knowledge (TECK) attributes of the Observe-Orient-Decide-Act (OODA) model.

Fractional dynamics and the TeV regime of field theory

Abstract: Fractional dynamics offers a reliable tool for the study of far-from equilibrium processes that display scale-invariant properties, dissipation and long-range correlations. This is particularly attractive when dealing with the complex dynamics generated in the deep ultraviolet regime of quantum field theory. We analyze a simple scalar field Lagrangian using Caputo derivatives and the approximation of low-level fractionality. Results may be extrapolated to more realistic field models and suggest a series of surprising implications regarding phenomena that are expected to emerge beyond the range of the standard model for particle physics.

Decision-Level Fusion Performance Improvement From Enhanced HRR Radar Clutter Suppression

Abstract: Airborne radar tracking in moving ground vehicle scenarios is impacted by sensor, target, and environmental dynamics. Moving targets can be characterized by 1-D High Range Resolution (HRR) Radar profiles with sufficient Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR). The amplitude feature information for each range bin of the HRR profile is used to discern one target from another to help maintain track or to identify a vehicle. Typical radar clutter suppression algorithms developed for processing moving ground target data not only remove the surrounding clutter, but a portion of the target signature. Enhanced clutter suppression can be achieved using a Multi-channel Signal Subspace (MSS) algorithm, which preserves target features. In this paper, we (1) exploit extra feature information from enhanced clutter suppression for Automatic Target Recognition (ATR), (2) present a Decision-Level Fusion (DLF) gain comparison using Displaced Phase Center Antenna (DPCA) and MSS clutter suppressed HRR data; and (3) develop a confusion-matrix identity fusion result for Simultaneous Tracking and Identification (STID). The results show that more channels forMSS increase identification over DPCA, result in a slightly noisier clutter suppressed image, and preserve more target features after clutter cancellation. The paper contributions include extending a two-channel MSS clutter cancellation technique to three channels, verifying the MSS is superior to the DPCA technique for target identification, and a comparison of these techniques in a novel multi-look confusion matrix decision-level fusion process.

Precise Model of Hawking Radiation from the Tunnelling Mechanism

Abstract: We recently improved the famous result of Parikh and Wilczek, who found a probability of emission of Hawking radiation which is compatible with a non-strictly thermal spectrum, showing that such a probability of emission is really associated to two non-strictly thermal distributions for boson and fermions. Here we finalize the model by finding the correct value of the pre-factor of the Parikh and Wilczek probability of emission. In fact, that expression has the ∼ sign instead of the equality. In general, in this kind of leading order tunnelling calculations, the exponent arises indeed from the classical action and the pre-factor is an order Planck constant correction. But in the case of emissions of Hawking quanta, the variation of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy is order 1 for an emitted particle having energy of order the Hawking temperature. As a consequence, the exponent in the Parikh and Wilczek probability of emission is order unity and one asks what is the real significance of that scaling if the pre-factor is unknown. Here we solve the problem assuming the unitarity of the black hole (BH) quantum evaporation and considering the natural correspondence between Hawking radiation and quasi-normal modes (QNMs) of excited BHs , in a “Bohr-like model” that we recently discussed in a series of papers. In that papers, QNMs are interpreted as natural BH quantum levels (the “electron states” in the “Bohr-like model”). Here we find the intriguing result that, although in general it is well approximated by 1, the pre-factor of the Parikh and Wilczek probability of emission depends on the BH quantum level n. We also write down an elegant expression of the probability of emission in terms of the BH quantum levels.

Smarandache curves according to bishop frame in euclidean 3-space

Abstract: In this paper, we investigate special Smarandache curves according to Bishop frame in Euclidean 3-space and we give some differential geometric properties of Smarandache curves. Also we find the centers of the osculating spheres and curvature spheres of Smarandache curves.