Showing papers in "Water Research in 1994"

TL;DR: In this article, specific analytical techniques were used to study the behavior of alkylphenol polyethoxylate surfactants in several full-scale mechanical-biological sewage treatment plants in the Glatt Valley, Switzerland.

TL;DR: An artificial freshwater for the culture of zooplankton was developed that guarantees the same successful long-term rearing of stock cultures and high fitness of the animals as natural water and has the advantages of standardization and reproducibility.

TL;DR: The results of various selected methods optimized for analysing pools of carbohydrate, protein and lipid in domestic wastewater were described and discussed in this paper, where the most suitable method for measurement of protein was the method of Lowry et al. (1951), for carbohydrate it was the anthrone method originally introduced by Dreywood (1946) and for lipid it was an infrared method modified from Standard Methods (APHA et al., 1985).

TL;DR: Results suggest that the initial bacterial transformation of microcystin resulted in a product more inhibitory to protein phosphatase than the parent toxin.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of temperature in the range of 40-64°C on thermophilic anaerobic digestion of cattle manure with two different ammonia concentrations (2.5 and 6.0 g-N/l) was investigated in continuouslyfed lab-scale reactors: the higher ammonia concentration reduced the maximum tolerable temperature.

TL;DR: In this article, the behaviour of nonylphenol polyethoxylate surfactants (NPnEO) and their metabolites in the Glatt River, Switzerland was studied.

TL;DR: In this article, the treatment of textile wastewaters from several dyeing and finishing mills by an electrochemical method is investigated and the batch experimental results are assessed in terms of color (turbidity) and COD reductions.

TL;DR: The densities, porosities, specific surface area, and mean pore radius of biofilm were determined and are helpful in obtaining a much clearer physical description of biofilms.

TL;DR: In this article, the role of vinyl sulfone and hydroxyl functional groups in the removal of Reactive Black 5 dye was investigated under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, and the potential of the dyes to leach from sludge in landfills was also investigated using the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure.

TL;DR: The SBI provides numerical values which enable the operator to monitor the prevalent plant operating conditions on a daily basis and makes it possible to define the biological quality of the sludge using numerical values of 0–10, and to group SBI values into four quality classes.

TL;DR: In this article, a biofilm reactor, the moving bed reactor, was studied for nitrification purposes and the experimental results showed that when alkalinity was in excess and there was no organic load, either the ammonium or the oxygen concentration would be limiting for the nitrification rate.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the application of in situ hybridization techniques can yield a more complete understanding of the microbial populations involved in the purification of sewage.

TL;DR: In this article, the second-order rate constants for a wide range of inorganic and organic compounds, including a comprehensive series of phenols, have been determined using conventional batch-type and stopped-flow methods.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors have shown that the reactivity of free amino acids with chlorine is related to their structure and that the amide linkage does not participate significantly in the chlorine demand of polypeptides, and does not seem to be TOX precursor.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of chlorine and chloramine on cyclic peptides produced by certain strains of Microcystis species and by Nodularia spumigena were investigated.

TL;DR: In this paper, a simple screening method is suggested to predict the abiotic removal of dyestuffs in wastewater treatment plants by adsorption on activated sludge, and both static and dynamic elimination tests with water soluble and poorly water-soluble dyestuffels in activated sludges are performed.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the suspended sediment characteristics of six rivers in southeastern Canada in order to determine the nature and significance of flocculation in fine-grained suspended sediment transport and the factors that may influence it.

TL;DR: In this paper, the electro-oxidn. of 1,4-benzoquinone in water soln. was investigated and it was found that the most important parameter is the nature of the anode.

TL;DR: In this paper, the potential of using peat in wastewater treatment is reviewed with special attention to the following topics: (i) the properties of peat; (ii) the pretreatment of pre-processed peat, and (iii) the principles involved in the removal of wastewater pollutants by peat.

TL;DR: In this article, the adsorption of microcystin-LR by eight different powdered activated carbons (PACs) was investigated and found to vary markedly between carbons.

TL;DR: In this paper, raw and treated sewage from physical-chemical and biological wastewater treatment plants were analyzed for fatty acids and sterols by HPLC and GC, and the results showed that sterols were more efficient with the biological treatment than with the chemical one, especially for the dissolved compounds.

TL;DR: In this article, Nitrosomonas europaea from continuous pure cultures was incubated with 26.4 μ M NH 3 (= 0.37 mg NH 3 -N l −1 ) at various NH 4 + concentrations, pH values and temperatures.

TL;DR: Increased levels of suspended solids had the effect of reducing the true u.v. dose reaching targeted organisms, thus reducing DNA damage and increasing subsequent photoreactivation, and the dose of photoreactivating light was observed to be an important parameter in the reactivating process.

TL;DR: In this article, a part of the organic compounds present in Rhine water was isolated by XAD-resins and fractionated for mutagenicity and toxicity, and the highest mutagenic effects in the Ames test were observed with Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98 in the pH 7 isolate.

TL;DR: In this paper, the distribution of non-polar hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) between various surfactant micellar pseudophases and water is examined.

TL;DR: In this article, the influence of pH and calcium (Ca) on inorganic P precipitation and solubility relationships in the water column was investigated in the Everglades agricultural area (EAA).

TL;DR: In this article, an advanced oxidation process that combines ultrasound and ozone was studied in terms of its potential to oxidize natural organic matter and to determine whether the approach could extend the application of sonolysis to refractory electrolytes.

TL;DR: In this paper, a complete sampling, fractionation and characterization scheme for submicrometer particles isolated from the Rhine River is described, where decreasing particle size fractions are obtained by means of gravitational sedimentation, cascade centrifugation/ultracentrifugation and cascade filtration.

TL;DR: In this paper, the adsorption of three humic substances isolated from the River Dodder (Eire) and one commercial humic acid (Aldrich) by six minerals was studied and found to be influenced by mineral type, the nature of the humics and by the solution characteristics.