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Showing papers in "Water Research in 1998"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the occurrence of 32 drug residues belonging to different medicinal classes like antiphlogistics, lipid regulators, psychiatric drugs, antiepileptic drugs, betablockers and β 2 -sympathomimetics as well as five metabolites has been investigated in German municipal sewage treatment plant (STP) discharges, river and stream waters.

3,015 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an ANOVA of the rotated principal components has demonstrated that mineral contents are seasonal and climate dependent, thus pointing to a natural origin for this polluting form and pollution by organic matter and nutrients originates from anthropogenic sources, mainly as municipal wastewater.

1,196 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A stable anaerobic degradation of swine manure with ammonia concentration of 6 g-N/litre was obtained in continuously stirred tank reactors with a hydraulic retention time of 15 days, at four different temperatures as discussed by the authors.

1,120 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the microbiological and biochemical aspects of the enhanced biological phosphate removal (EBPR) process is presented, including microorganisms responsible for EBPR, isolation of polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs), microbial diversity of the EBPR sludge, biochemical metabolisms of PAOs, energy budget in PAOs metabolism, denitrification by PAO, glycogen accumulating non-poly-P organisms (GAOs), etc.

934 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The proposed trophic boundaries for streams generally include a broader range of values in the mesotrophic range than conventional criteria for lakes, reflecting the greater variance in streams.

621 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a model turbid water was treated by coagulation-flocculation and sedimentation, with Moringa oleifera seeds as a coagulant, using jar tests.

586 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of constructed wetlands to remove pollutants from wastewater can be improved by using suitable substrates, such as oxalate extractable iron (Fe) and aluminium (Al), and the results suggest that selected industrial byproducts and adsorptive materials may be used alone or in combination with soils to improve the performance.

514 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a new definition of the first flush is derived from the analysis of the dimensionless M(V) curves, allowing a non-ambiguous quantification of a phenomenon which, up to now, was presented in a principally descriptive or qualitative manner.

494 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a two-phase swirl-flow monolithic type reactor was designed to study the kinetics of heterogeneous photocatalytic processes on semiconductor catalysts, and the photomineralization of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) sensitized by Degussa P25 TiO2 in aqueous solution has been investigated as a function of the following different experimental parameters: initial concentration of pollutant (CS0), light intensity (Ia), partial pressure of oxygen (pO2), catalyst concentration, pH, chloride ion and temperature

492 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of pH and the iron-to-nitrate ratio on both nitrate reduction rate and percent removal were investigated, and the apparent reaction order with respect to nitrate was determined and a mass balance was obtained.

479 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of pH variation on activated sludge denitrification was examined using bench-scale Sequencing Batch Reactors, and it was shown that at pH values between 6.5 and 7.0, the reduction rate of NO 3 -N was significantly inhibited.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of contact time, pH, concentration, temperature, dose, particle size of the adsorbent and salinity on the removal of Cu(II) have been studied.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of diverse ions has been studied and it is found that there is very little effect on the adsorption of Cr(VI) on polymer-grafted sawdust.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The main applications of ozonation and associated oxidation processes in the treatment of natural waters (surface and ground waters) for drinking water production are summarized in this paper, where numerous effects of chemical oxidation are discussed along the water treatment: removal of inorganic species, aid to the coagulation-floculation process, degradation of organic matter and disinfection.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed evidence for the existence and nature of the first flush load of pollution input into drainage systems, using data on suspended solids, conductivity, pH, and temperature of storm surface runoff.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the electrocoagulation process with aluminium bipolar electrodes was used for the defluorination of Sahara water without adding soluble salts to the treated water, and the aluminium-fluoride weight ratio attained 17/1.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an improved method was developed for predicting struvite precipitation potential in anaerobic digestion and post-digestion processes, considering the ionic strength effects on ion activities, magnesium phosphate complexation effect on ion speciation, and an experimentally derived struveite solubility constant.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the feasibility of using red mud (RM), a residue from bauxite refining, for wastewater treatment was assessed with a view to simultaneously conserving the environment and an important natural resource.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the sorbent data have been analyzed and fitted to linearized adsorption isotherms, which are believed to constitute a database for the treatment of one industrial plant's effluent with the solid waste of another, and also to utilize unconventional sorbents such as alumina, silica and ferric oxides.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, acid-activated bituminous shale has been used as an adsorbent for the removal of 2-chlorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP) from water and the related process parameters were investigated.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the adsorption isotherm of As(III) on copper impregnated activated carbon was obtained in a batch reactor, where various parameters such as reaction time, adsorbent dose, initial concentration of adsorbate, pH and temperature were studied to establish optimum conditions.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, solid materials such as iron powder, graphite and activated carbon were tested for their catalytic properties for the oxidation of 4-chlorophenol in aqueous solution with hydrogen peroxide.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors obtained samples of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from landfill leachate-polluted groundwater at Vejen Landfill, Denmark, and extracted the humic acids, fulvic acids, and the hydrophilic fraction.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It was established that, even though synthesis of the enzyme is to some extent affected depending on the anaerobic and aerobic incubation, it is the stable and the floc bound nature of these extra-cellular enzymes which results in no significant difference in enzyme activity under anaerilic and aerobic phase of a steady state operated single sludge anaerobia–aerobic system.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a simple respirometric technique for the assessment of compost stability (SOUR test) was developed, that utilises a dissolved oxygen probe to measure changes in the oxygen concentration in an aqueous compost extract, under conditions ensuring optimum microbial activity and maximum reaction rates.

Journal ArticleDOI
H.A. Hawkes1
TL;DR: A history of biological monitoring of river water quality in Britain by individual biologists in different regions is briefly traced in this article, which led to the recommendation of a "score" system based on benthic macro-invertebrates.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a polymeric ligand exchanger (PLE) was used to remove phosphate from contaminated water/wastewater, and the results of a detailed investigation pertaining to selective phosphate removal by a new class of sorbent was reported.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The degradation of the compounds present in a previously chlorinated wastewater resulting from the production of azoic dyes has been studied in this article, where the first step developed was the characterization of the spillage water by GC/MS and GC/FID.

Journal ArticleDOI
Martyn Kelly1
TL;DR: The trophic diatom index (TDI) as discussed by the authors is a new index for assessing eutrophication in rivers, which was developed to evaluate the effect of organic pollution on the index.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used H3PO4 to test the adsorption of phenols on activated carbon prepared from apricot stone shells by chemical treatment with H 3PO4.