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Showing papers in "Water Research in 2004"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The concentration of estrone increased along the treatment due to the partial oxidation of 17beta-estradiol in the aeration tank, and the overall removal efficiencies within the STP ranged between 70-90% for the fragrances, 40-65% forThe anti-inflammatories, around 65% for 17 beta-ESTradiol and 60% for sulfamethoxazole.

1,452 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study presents necessity and usefulness of multivariate statistical techniques for evaluation and interpretation of large complex data sets with a view to get better information about the water quality and design of monitoring network for effective management of water resources.

1,429 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This comprehensive review summarizes the current status in phosphorus-removal technologies from the most common approaches, like metal precipitation, constructed wetland systems, adsorption by various microorganisms either in a free state or immobilized in polysaccharide gels, to enhanced biological phosphorus removal using activated sludge systems, and several innovative engineering solutions.

1,324 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Findings of a comprehensive literature review are reported, targeting membrane rejection mechanisms and factors affecting rejection, and a rejection diagram was proposed, which qualitatively allows prediction of solute rejection if certain solute and membrane properties are known.

942 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Pt, Au and Pd deposited TiO2 have been prepared and characterised by surface analytical methods such as surface area, XRD, and scanning electron micrograph and photophysical characterisation by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.

816 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Groundwater samples at equal distances from the infiltration point were taken to estimate the behaviour of Carbamazepine during soil passage and within the groundwater, therefore qualifying as a suitable marker for anthropogenic influences in the aquatic environment.

772 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This is the first quantitative demonstration that the concentration of OH radicals and the biocidal activity is linearly correlated, which indicates that the OH radical is the primary oxidant species responsible for inactivating E. coli in the UV/TiO2 process.

752 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that the surface chemistry of the activated carbon plays a key role in dye adsorption performance, with the basic sample obtained by thermal treatment under H(2) flow at 700 degrees C is the best material for the adsorbed dyes.

696 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The removal rate from the water phase caused by sorption in a WWTP can be reasonably predicted on the basis of the Kd values, which ranged from <1 to 500 L kg(-1), while those for the polycyclic musk fragrances AHTN and HHCB proved to be up to 5300 and 4900 L kg−1, respectively.

629 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work determined the acid dissociation constants (pKa) of 26 common human and veterinary antibiotics by potentiometric titration to facilitate the research on occurrence, fate and effects, analysis methods development, and control of antibiotics in various treatment operations.

607 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper reviews different theories on anaerobic sludge granulation in UASB-reactors that have been proposed during the past two decades, and concludes that Methanosaeta concilii is a key organism in granulation.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: F Fouling by NOM was investigated by employing several innovative chemical and morphological analyses that support the notion that membrane roughness may be considered as a more important factor in membrane fouling by controlling interaction between molecules and the membrane surface, compared to the hydrophobic/hydrophilic character of membranes.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Due to their low cost and high capability, this type of iron oxide tailings has the potential to be utilized for cost-effective removal of phosphate from wastewater.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Investigations suggest that copper have a tendency to remain associated with residual, reducible and carbonate fractions, and fractionation pattern of zinc shows low to medium risk to aquatic environment.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The best fitting of experimental results to the proposed isotherms was observed in models that assume that ionic species bind first at energetically most favorable sites, with multi-layer adsorption taking place subsequently.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper reviews the long-standing bulking sludge problem in activated sludge systems and believes that a generic approach would be feasible.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The rate of inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms, in adsorbed or liquid phases, has been shown to be affected by abiotic and biotic factors such as moisture content, pH, temperature, organic matter, bacterial species, predation, and antagonistic symbiosis between microorganisms in the system.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Improved knowledge that bromine reacts faster and substitutes more efficiently than chlorine will be useful in developing strategies to control disinfection by-product formation during water treatment.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Chemical analysis, adsorptive fractionation methods, fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) and Fourie-transformed infra-red spectra analysis indicated that polysaccharide-like organic matter was responsible for the evolution of the irreversible fouling.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Sorption of copper and nickel on grape stalks released an equivalent amount of alkaline and alkaline earth metals (K+, Mg2+, Ca2+) and protons, indicating that ionic exchange is predominantly responsible for metal ion uptake.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Under the conditions adopted in the present study, both ozonation and H2O2/UV systems proved to be effective in inducing diclofenac degradation, ensuring a complete conversion of the chlorine into chloride ions and degrees of mineralization of 32% and 39% after a 90 min treatment.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The reactivity of individual NOM fractions with oxidants is compared in order to compare the productivity of biodegradable by-products after oxidation with chlorine dioxide and ozone.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A summary is provided of the methodology used in developing the World Health Organization's Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality to illustrate how numerical guideline values are generated for contaminants that may be applicable to groundwater recharge.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The potential of co-immobilization of microorganisms in small beads to serve as a treatment for wastewater in tropical areas is shown, superior to removal by the microalgae alone.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results showed that both inorganic forms of arsenic could be efficiently treated, for the concentration range of interest in drinking water (50-200microg/L), and the oxidation of trivalent arsenic was found to be catalyzed by bacteria, leading to enhanced overall arsenic removal.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The rate-limiting process of intraparticle surface diffusion for arsenate adsorption by porous iron oxides appears analogous to organic compound adsorbed by activated carbon despite differences in adsorbent mechanisms.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The higher performances on the volatile solid and pathogen reduction, and stable operation of the temperature co-phase anaerobic system might be attributable to the well-functioned thermophilic digester, sharing nutrients and intermediates for anaerilic microorganisms, and selection of higher substrate affinity an aerobic microorganisms in the co- phase system.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results show that significant amounts of Cr(III) or Cr(VI) species can be adsorbed by the APANFs, although the adsorption performances was greatly dependent upon the solution pH values.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The uses of nitrifying activated sludge and ammonia-oxidizing bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea to significantly degrade estrone (E1), 17beta-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), and 17alpha-ethynylestradio (EE2) are described and it is suggested that E2 was degraded to E1 in NAS could be caused by other heterotrophic bacteria, not by ammonia-Oxidizing bacteria.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper reviews design models for horizontal subsurface flow constructed treatment wetlands, ranging from simple rules of thumb and regression equations, to the well-known first-order k-C* models, Monod-type equations and more complex dynamic, compartmental models.