Showing papers in "Water Research in 2010"

TL;DR: For the first time, a multi-variables optimization approach is described to determine the optimum operation parameters so as to enhance process performance and photooxidation efficiency in the photocatalytic water treatment process.

TL;DR: The achievements and current status of environmental risk assessment of ILs are reviewed, and hopefully this article provides insights into this research frontier.

TL;DR: The results showed that paraxanthine, caffeine and acetaminophen were the main individual pollutants usually found in concentrations over 20 ppb, and the hydroxyl radical reaction was the major pathway for the oxidative transformation of these compounds.

TL;DR: The chemicals which were detected most frequently above the European ground water quality standard for pesticides of 0.1 microg/L were Chloridazon-desphenyl (26 samples), NPE(1)C (20), Bisphenol A (12), Benzotriazole (8), N,N'-Dimethylsulfamid (DMS) (8) and Nonylphenol (6).

TL;DR: The effectiveness of a range of processes including tertiary media filtration, ozonation, chlorination, UV irradiation, activated carbon adsorption, and NF/RO filTration has been reviewed and semi-quantitative estimations of antibiotics removals have been provided.

TL;DR: For a given oxidant dose, the selective oxidants were more efficient than hydroxyl radicals for transforming ERMs-containing micropollutants, while hydroxy radicals are capable of transforming micropolutants even without ERMs.

TL;DR: The use of five mega composite samples holds promise for conducting cost-effective, routine monitoring on a regional and national basis of PPCP releases in U.S. biosolids, and the most abundant PPCPs appear to show limited fluctuations in mass over time when assessed on a nationwide basis.

TL;DR: The results suggest that careful consideration may be needed in the future for the management of recreational waters not impacted by human sources, as estimated risks following exposure to recreational waters impacted by gull, chicken, pig, or cattle faecal contamination are substantially different than those associated with waters impacted with human sources such as treated wastewater.

TL;DR: Halloysite nanotubes had the potential to be utilized as low-cost and relatively effective adsorbent for cationic dyes removal andThermodynamic parameters of DeltaG(0), DeltaH(0) and DeltaS( 0) indicated the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic.

TL;DR: Results indicated that fluoxetine (FLX), natural estrogens (E1+E2) and musk fragrances (HHCB, AHTN and ADBI) were transformed to a large extent under aerobic and anoxic conditions, whereas naproxen (NPX), ethinylestradiol (EE2), roxithromycin (ROX) and erythromycin(ERY) were only significantly transformed in the aerobic reactor.

TL;DR: The pros and cons of molecular techniques for the detection and quantification of pathogens in water are discussed and further refinement is required in order to be standardized and applicable to a diversity of matrices.

TL;DR: The ozonation and microfiltration/reverse osmosis processes employed in two WWTPs were very effective to remove them, showing their main contributions to the removal of such micro-pollutants in wastewater treatment.

TL;DR: It is clear that greater clarity and improved methodologies are required in the assessment of the ecological impacts of desalination plants, and it is imperative to employ Before-After, Control-Impact monitoring designs with adequate replication, and multiple independent reference locations to assess potential impacts adequately.

TL;DR: It is proposed that CMC-stabilized ZVI-Pd nanoparticles facilitated the early stage rapid abiotic degradation and boosted a long-term in situ biological dechlorination thereafter, which was evidenced by the fact that PCE and TCE concentrations showed further reduction after two weeks.

TL;DR: EPS secreted by suspended cultures of microorganisms from an activated sludge plant in the presence of glucose were characterized in detail using colorimetry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy.

TL;DR: The results show that for the majority of compounds a substantial margin of safety exists between the maximum concentration in surface water, groundwater and/or drinking water and the (provisional) guideline value.

TL;DR: N(2)O formation was shown to be always positive, yet highly variable across the seven full-scale BNR wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), but with many competing and parallel nitrogen transformation reactions occurring, it was very difficult to clearly identify the predominant mechanism of N( 2)O production.

TL;DR: The inventory results indicate that infrastructure resources, operational energy, direct greenhouse gas emissions and chemical consumption generally increase with increasing nitrogen removal, especially at discharge standards of total nitrogen <5 mgN L(-1), but operational energy and direct GHG emissions are largely unaffected.

TL;DR: This work represents the first successful attempt to combine SND and organics oxidation while producing electricity in an MFC.

TL;DR: Capacitive deionization for removal of water hardness was investigated for water softening applications, showing higher selectivity of divalent ions rather than that of the monovalent ion.

TL;DR: Algal organic matter, including extracellular organic matter (EOM) and intracellularorganic matter (IOM), was characterized and the formation of a variety of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in chlorination and chloramination of EOM, IOM and algal cells was evaluated.

TL;DR: While DAF has been used mainly in conventional type water plants, there is now interest in the technology as a pretreatment step in ultrafiltration membrane plants and in desalination reverse osmosis plants.

TL;DR: This study provides the first experimental data on the persistence in biosolids-amended soils for ciprofloxacin, diphenhydramine, doxycycline, 4-epitetracycline, gemfibrozil, miconazole, norfloxain, ofloxac in, and thiabendazole.

TL;DR: Toxicity tests with Vibrio fisheri showed that degradation of the compounds in real effluent wastewater led to toxicity increase, but is relatively independent of pH, the type of acid used for release of hydroxyl radicals scavengers and the initial H(2)O( 2) concentration used.

TL;DR: Assessment of the removal of organic micropollutants and the concurrent reduction of their biological activity in a full scale reclamation plant treating secondary effluent found that the main ozonation formed oxidation by-products but decreased the level of non-specific toxicity and other specific toxic modes of action.

TL;DR: The results support the use of ATP analysis for both routine monitoring and research purposes, and contribute towards a better interpretation of ATP data.

TL;DR: An analysis of the components of applied voltage and their significance is presented from an electrochemical viewpoint to provide a fundamental understanding of the different process variables and configurations in order to identify potential improvements.

TL;DR: VMD is considered as a complementary process to RO to further concentrate RO brines and increase the global recovery of the process and a global recovery factor of 89% can be obtained by coupling RO and VMD.

TL;DR: Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced by sludge microorganisms play a definite role in sludge flocculation and biopolymers produced by individual strains substantially improved dewaterability.

TL;DR: Quantitative analysis of the effects of photolytic and photocatalytic treatment processes on the antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin solutions under controlled laboratory conditions indicates that the UVA-TiO(2) photocatalysis is the most energy efficient process for achieving cIProfl oxacin inactivation under laboratory conditions.