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Showing papers in "World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Cognitive and Language Sciences in 2016"




Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a Table of Contents (table of contents) of the chapter "ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS" of the book ÖZ: A ChAPTER.
Abstract: ..............................................................................................................iv ÖZ...............................................................................................................................vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......................................................................................ix TABLE OF CONTENTS .........................................................................................xi LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................xv LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................xvi CHAPTER

8 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: This paper examined the English syntactic errors occurred persistently in the Malaysian ESL learners' written composition in the Politeknik Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia and found out the causes of syntactic error, types of frequent errors, weakness areas and problems.
Abstract: This study aims to examine the English syntactic errors occurred persistently in the Malaysian ESL learners' written composition in the Politeknik Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. The subjects were 50 multilingual students who speak their own dialect, Malay as their second language and English as their third or foreign language. Data were collected from the written discourse in the form of descriptive essays. The subjects were asked to write in the classroom within 45 minutes. Fifty-one categories of errors were classified to find out the causes of syntactic error, types of frequent errors, weakness areas and problems tend to occur in written composition. The findings of the study showed that the syntactic errors were due to learners' mother tongue interference, lack of grammatical knowledge, lack of vocabulary knowledge, repetition, redundant lexical choice, bad sentence formation and developmental errors.

7 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: This paper proposed a methodological framework based on a complex dynamic systems perspective, which re-conceptualises the investigation of motivation in second language acquisition in qualitative and mixed method approaches by offering one flexible tool for case study approaches.
Abstract: Researching motivation in language learning is complex and multi-faceted. Various models of learner motivation have been proposed in the literature, but no one model supplies a complex and coherent framework for investigating a range of motivational characteristics. Building on previous models I propose such a methodological framework, based on a complex dynamic systems perspective, which re-conceptualises the investigation of motivation in second language acquisition in qualitative and mixed method approaches by offering one flexible tool for case study approaches. This new framework has been tried and tested in three locations in England and reported as case studies. The study aimed to address the following research questions: (1) In what ways does content and language integrated learning (CLIL) impact on learner motivation? (2) What are the main elements of CLIL that enhance motivation? Overall analysis of the results found that where expectations of success were high and where the teaching was...

7 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a list of tables, figures, and acronyms and abbreviations of figures and adjectives for each of the following types of figures:
Abstract: ix List of tables xi List of figures xiii List of Acronyms and Abbreviations xiv Chapter One Introduction 1 1.

5 citations



Journal Article
TL;DR: A morpheme based parts of speech tagger for Kannada language that uses hierarchical tag set for assigning tags and the performance of the proposed system is above 90%.
Abstract: Parts of speech tagging is the process of assigning appropriate parts of speech tags to the words in a given text. The critical or crucial information needed for tagging a word come from its internal structure rather from its neighboring words. The internal structure of a word comprises of its morphological features and grammatical information. This paper presents a morpheme based parts of speech tagger for Kannada language. This proposed work uses hierarchical tag set for assigning tags. The system is tested on some Kannada words taken from EMILLE corpus. Experimental result shows that the performance of the proposed system is above 90%.

3 citations


Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a Jungian approach was used to identify learners' beliefs with a discursive approach using visual metaphors as narratives, which can be used to predict learners' future behavior.
Abstract: Although Japanese students study English for 6 years in secondary schools, they demonstrate little success with it when they enter higher education. Learners’ beliefs can predict the future behaviour of students, so it may be effective to investigate how learners’ beliefs limit their success and how beliefs might be nudged in a positive direction. While many researchers still depend on a questionnaire called BALLI [by Horwitz (Learner strategies in language learning, 1987)] to reveal explicit beliefs, alternative approaches, especially those designed to reveal implicit beliefs, might be helpful for promoting learning. The present study seeks to identify beliefs with a discursive approach using visual metaphors as narratives. Employing a Jungian approach, this study investigates how students’ beliefs are revealed within drawings of themselves and their surrounding environments and artifacts while they are engaged in language learning. Participants were university students majoring in science and technology in Japan. The questionnaire was administered to 70 entering students in April, 2014. Data included students’ drawings of themselves as learners of English as well as written descriptions of students’ backgrounds, English-learning experiences and written descriptions of themselves as learners. It is our aim to examine how a Jungian approach analysis can function as an alternative method to investigate learners’ beliefs.

3 citations





Journal Article
TL;DR: This paper used quantitative and qualitative methods to explore the characteristics of flipped classroom's influence on classroom environment of College English Reading, Writing and Translating, so as to summarize and reflect on the teaching characteristics of college English reading, writing and translating.
Abstract: This study used quantitative and qualitative methods to explore the characteristics of flipped classroom’s influence on classroom environment of College English Reading, Writing and Translating, so as to summarize and reflect on the teaching characteristics of College English Reading, Writing and Translating. The results of the study indicates that after the flipped classroom teaching mode has been applied to Reading, Writing and Translating, students’ performance and the classroom environment have been improved to some extent; students of the flipped classroom are generally satisfied with the flipped classroom environment; students show a certain degree of individual differences to the degree of cooperation, participation, self responsibility, task orientation and the teacher leadership and innovation. The study indicates that the implementation of flipped classroom teaching mode can optimize College English Reading, Writing and Translating classroom environment and realize the teaching target-the learner as the center in foreign language teaching and learning, but bring a greater challenge to teachers.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify issues and problems in the methods used in determining the accurate times for Fajr and Dhuha prayers through a literature review of previous research studies.
Abstract: The determination of accurate times for Fajr and Dhuha prayers in Malaysia is faced with issues of differing views in the fixation of the parameters of the sun's altitude used in the calculation of astronomy, especially in Malaysia. Therefore, this study aims to identify issues and problems in the methods used in determining the accurate times for both these prayers through a literature review of previous research studies. The results show the need to review the parameters of sun altitude used in calculating prayer times for both these prayers through observations in changes in the brightness of the early morning light for distinguish of true dawn and false dawn for the Fajr prayers and the length of the shadow for Dhuha payer by collecting data from all the states throughout Malaysia.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In the ‘Poems of 1912-13’ as discussed by the authors, Thomas Hardy, a British poet, composed a series of poems after the unexpected death of his long-disaffected wife, Emma, interpreting the cognitive and emotional concussion of Emma's death on Hardy concerning his mind and real visit to the landscape in Cornwall, England.
Abstract: Nostalgia, to some people, may seem foolhardy in a way. However, nostalgia is a completely and intensely private but social, collective emotion. It has continuing consequence and outgrowth for our lives as social actions. It leads people to hunt and explore remembrance of persons and places of our past in an effort to confer meaning of persons and places of present. In the ‘Poems of 1912-13’ Thomas Hardy, a British poet, composed a series of poems after the unexpected death of his long-disaffected wife, Emma. The series interprets the cognitive and emotional concussion of Emma’s death on Hardy, concerning his mind and real visit to the landscape in Cornwall, England. Both spaces perform the author’s innermost in thought to his late wife and to the landscape. They present an apparent counterpart of the poet and his afflicted conscience. After Emma had died, Hardy carried her recollections alive by roaming about in the real visit and whimsical land (space) they once had drifted and meandered. This paper highlights the nostalgias and feds that seem endlessly to crop up. Keywords—Thomas Hardy, remembrance, psychological, poems 1912-13, Fred Davis, nostalgia.


Journal Article
TL;DR: The chinese characters that used in the cultural symbols construction, and analysis of existing products by Peirce's semiotic triangles are discussed.
Abstract: Language is the emblem of a culture, representing the extension of cultural life. In addition, it is also an important tool for communication and message transmission. It carries not only information but also covers the self-conscious of the information constructor as well as the situational experiences of users from different backgrounds. Moreover, design can be regarded as a language, a dynamic process of coding and decoding. With the designers‟ experiences in everyday life, they bring them into the products‟ experiences. Considered from the aspects of atmosphere and the five senses, a designer should consider and reconsider how to communicate the messages effectively to suit the users‟ needs. In the process of language learning, we should understand the construction behind it and the rules of the compositions of language codes. Regarding the understanding of the design of works or the form of product construction, it is necessary for us to understand the coding system during the process of product construction. The form (signifiers) and meanings (signified) of Chinese characters are closely related. At the same time, it is also a process of simplifying the complicated to the simple. This study discusses the chinese characters that used in the cultural symbols construction, and analysis of existing products by Peirce's semiotic triangles. Through people's cognition of Chinese characters and constitute method, help to understand the way of construction product symbol. Keywords—cultural product, cultural-creative product design, linguistic Symbols, cultural symbols


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a general review of the use of foreign literature in teaching PU, as well as identify and substantiate the efficiency of its use within the lessons of individual reading.
Abstract: Relevance of the problem stated in the article is determined by a poor development of the effective PU teaching methods allowing their quick and profound mastering. Besides, a small attention is given to a place of individual reading lessons as the tools of PU teaching. The article aims to present a general review of the use of foreign literature in teaching PU, as well as to identify and substantiate the efficiency of its use within the lessons of individual reading. The leading methods are analyses of scientific works and practice, empirical and experimental data, experimental method. This article observes some current questions of use of foreign literature in a process of phraseological units teaching in schools. It reveals and establishes different advantages of literary read at the lessons of individual reading and gives some core points of arrangements and organizational work. The article touches upon some essential keys concerning successful phraseological units mastering and alights some strategies focused on improvement of students’ knowledge in a sphere of phraseology. The article also contains some valuable information about successful exercise compilation and successful phraseological units practicing on the basis of foreign literature.








Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the assistance of two kinds of gestures (iconic and beat gestures) is tested in regards to memory and recall in Greek and in Greek speakers' second language acquisition.
Abstract: Gestures play a major role in comprehension and memory recall due to the fact that aid the efficient channel of the meaning and support listeners’ comprehension and memory. In the present study, the assistance of two kinds of gestures (iconic and beat gestures) is tested in regards to memory and recall. The hypothesis investigated here is whether or not iconic and beat gestures provide assistance in memory and recall in Greek and in Greek speakers’ second language. Two groups of participants were formed, one comprising Greeks that reside in Athens and one with Greeks that reside in Copenhagen. Three kinds of stimuli were used: A video with words accompanied with iconic gestures, a video with words accompanied with beat gestures and a video with words alone. The languages used are Greek and English. The words in the English videos were spoken by a native English speaker and by a Greek speaker talking English. The reason for this is that when it comes to beat gestures that serve a meta-cognitive function and are generated according to the intonation of a language, prosody plays a major role. Thus, participants that have different influences in prosody may generate different results from rhythmic gestures. Memory recall was assessed by asking the participants to try to remember as many words as they could after viewing each video. Results show that iconic gestures provide significant assistance in memory and recall in Greek and in English whether they are produced by a native or a second language speaker. In the case of beat gestures though, the findings indicate that beat gestures may not play such a significant role in Greek language. As far as intonation is concerned, a significant difference was not found in the case of beat gestures produced by a native English speaker and by a Greek speaker talking English. Keywords—First language, gestures, memory, second language acquisition.

Journal Article
TL;DR: This research proposes an XLSB technique in order to circumvent the weakness observed in LSB technique and Experimental result shows that theXLSB performs better than LSB.
Abstract: The success of audio steganography is to ensure imperceptibility of the embedded message in stego file and withstand any form of intentional or un-intentional degradation of message (robustness). Audio steganographic that utilized LSB of audio stream to embed message gain a lot of popularity over the years in meeting the perceptual transparency, robustness and capacity. This research proposes an XLSB technique in order to circumvent the weakness observed in LSB technique. Scrambling technique is introduce in two steps; partitioning the message into blocks followed by permutation each blocks in order to confuse the contents of the message. The message is embedded in the MP3 audio sample. After extracting the message, the permutation code book is used to re-order it into its original form. Md5sum and SHA-256 are use to verify whether the message is altered or not during transmission. Experimental result shows that the XLSB performs better than LSB.

Journal Article
TL;DR: This experimental study proves that using Arabic Diacritics with Naïve Bayes Classifier enhances the accuracy of choosing the appropriate sense for ambiguous Arabic words.
Abstract: Since the last two decades' Arabic natural language processing (ANLP) has become increasingly much more important. One of the key issues related to ANLP is ambiguity. In Arabic language different pronunciation of one word may have a different meaning. Furthermore, ambiguity also has an impact on the effectiveness and efficiency of Machine Translation (MT). The issue of ambiguity has limited the usefulness and accuracy of the translation from Arabic to English. The lack of Arabic resources makes ambiguity problem more complicated. Additionally, the orthographic level of representation cannot specify the exact meaning of the word. This paper looked at the diacritics of Arabic language and used them to disambiguate an ambiguous word. The proposed approach of word sense disambiguation used Diacritizer application to Diacritize Arabic text. Then find the most accurate sense of an ambiguous word using Naive Bayes Classifier. Our system gets 91% precision, and 12.11% error rate. This experimental study proves that using Arabic Diacritics with Naive Bayes Classifier enhances the accuracy of choosing the appropriate sense for ambiguous Arabic words.