Showing papers in "World Development in 1989"

TL;DR: The authors describes the development of gender planning, which in identifying that women and men play different roles in Third World society and therefore often have different needs, provides both the conceptual framework and the methodological tools for incorporating gender into planning.

TL;DR: In this paper, the interdependence of political and economic institutions is examined against premises in neoclassical theories of economies, which maintain that population and savings are the principal determinants of economic growth.

TL;DR: The emphasis on structural adjustment and labor flexibility in both developing and industrialized economies is rapidly altering the nature of employment and women are being substituted for men and many forms of work are being converted into the kinds of jobs traditionally geared to women as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the growth of NGOs in Africa and propose a framework for analyzing the dynamics of government-NGO relations, arguing that politics, rather than economics, best explain the contribution of NGOs to development, as well as the attitude of governments toward the burgeoning voluntary sector.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors systematically review empirical evidence on the nature and magnitude of the African rural, non-farm economy and explore differences across locality and size, across countries and over time, in an effort to assess likely patterns of growth.

TL;DR: In this article, a model of the private-public boundary in land is developed that challenges the view that wealth would increase if land at the extensive margin were privatized, and various types of property regimes in land are defined and explained.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify two important components of the New Institutional Economics (NIE) and illustrate both potential complementarities between them and their applicability to various problems and policies in the long-term development of developing countries.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss strengths and weaknesses of transaction-cost and imperfect-information approaches to the economic theory of institutions, particularly with reference to problems relevant to economic development.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that the impacts of the woodfuel crisis are not clearly the outcome of physical scarcities, but instead are an outcome of much more fundamental features of the socioeconomy involving labor use, land tenure and usufruct, the transition from subsistence to market economies, and cultural practices.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the effectiveness of three channels in improving women's access to credit: bank schemes, intermediary programs, parallel programs, or poverty-focused development banks.

TL;DR: The lecture discusses important connections between the two that need to be recognized more fully as background to practical food policy and supplements the conceptual and theoretical discussions with practical illustrations.

TL;DR: The problem of state-owned enterprises is not ownership, but rather a lack of explicit goals and objectives, and an absence of organization cultures and systems that support and encourage fulfillment of those goals as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that new modes of popular participation are needed in the transition to equitable development and argue that authentic participation is a moral incentive allowing the powerless poor to negotiate new material incentives for themselves, and as a leverage point permitting successful micro actors to gain entry into macro arenas of decision making.

TL;DR: The theory and early experience of privatization in developing countries are reviewed in this article, showing that unless it is accompanied by liberalization measures, privatization of public enterprises is unlikely to result in significant gains in economic efficiency.

TL;DR: The issue of "cash crops" has been extensively discussed in the literature as mentioned in this paper and the debate uses different definitions of the term and slides across levels of analysis from the household to the international economy.

TL;DR: The use and potential of trees as savings banks for the poor has been investigated in this paper, where the authors present evidence and analysis on the use of trees for saving and security for poor people.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review the importance and performance of public enterprises in developing countries and examine the questions of whether and why performance improvements should result from privatization, in light of the preceding analysis, the approach used by the World Bank concerning privatization.

TL;DR: The marriage of political and economic liberalism may not be an easy one in countries like India as mentioned in this paper, where the rank and file of the ruling party, organized workers in the public sector, and the numerically significant middle and lower peasantry have registered their opposition.

TL;DR: Although problems facing government enterprises in developed and developing countries may differ, the objective of privatization should be to reconstruct these enterprises so as to create conditions that make private sector operations effective and efficient as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: The Taiwanese experience illustrates that political and institutional mechanisms for promoting managerial performance can be effective where the neoliberal prescription fails as discussed by the authors, but it is difficult to apply scarcity pricing rigorously because of the economic and technical infeasibility of volumetric water pricing in most Third World irrigation schemes.

TL;DR: This paper examined the nature and evolution of intersectoral relationships between manufacturing and services at different stages of industrialization, as revealed by a cross-country comparative analysis of input-output tables of 26 countries at different income levels.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify micro-level interventions that support women's income-earning activities and may halt further deterioration in rural livelihoods in sub-Saharan Africa, where women do most of the work.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that privatization is not a linear or ineluctable process and that the pace and scope of privatization will be determined by the way in which the public sector was built.

TL;DR: Social movements (SM) mobilize social power appealing to morality, justice, survival and identity as discussed by the authors, and are cyclical and related to long political economic cycles, which is why they are important agents of social transformation.

TL;DR: This article showed that land reform failed to be redistributive because it sought to first modernize large farms, which allowed landlords to reinforce their power over the state and thus enabled them either to obtain credible commitments of nonexpropriation if they would modernize, or to successfully use rent seeking to externalize the cost of modernization and make expropriation with compensation no longer feasible.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that the main obstacle to sustainable agricultural development is the failure of any economic policy, whether promoting food crops or exports, to address adequately problems of natural resource management.

TL;DR: The authors identified the traits that characterize several better-performing programs funded by the Ford Foundation and found that participants were already engaged in the economic activities supported by the programs; marketing channels existed; and powerful consumer groups were often in favor of production by beneficiary groups.

TL;DR: The concept of the "informal sector" has gained increasing acceptance in Latin America as discussed by the authors and some 30 million persons now work outside the modern economy in low-productivity jobs with marginal incomes; many of them are living in poverty.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measure the relative aid giving performance of aid donors in terms of the inter-recipient distribution of their aid, i.e., the extent to which a donor bases its aid allocation on the relative needs of recipient countries.