scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Showing papers in "Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences in 2009"


Journal Article
TL;DR: Nasser et al. as mentioned in this paper investigated the association between general health and internet addiction and found that depression and anxiety were common in internet addicted users and it was correlated to the amount of time that they were allocating to it.
Abstract: The Relationship between General Health and Internet Addiction Nastiezaie Nasser Background: Internet is a neutral tool on its own. However, excessive use of internet poses the risk of being addicted to it. This study was performed to investigate the association between general health and internet addiction. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study a total number of 375 students (189 female and 186 male) were randomly selected from Sistan and Baluchestan University between 2007 to 2008. Using the internet addiction test (IAT), the students were divided into two groups: ordinary users and addicted users of internet. The general health questionnaire (GHQ) was used to compare these two groups. The SPSS software and t test were used to analyze the data and P<0.01 was significant. Results: The general health of internet-addicted users in comparison with ordinary users was at a higher risk (P<0.01). But the difference between two groups in general health and disorders of social function were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Depression and anxiety were common in internet addicted users and it was correlated to the amount of time that they were allocating to it.

45 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the situation of sport change process in Yazd's staff according to the transtheoretical model and its relation with decision balance was checked in a cross-sectional study.
Abstract: Background: According to statistical evidence put forward by WHO in 2003, lack of physical activity is the reason for 1.9 million deaths in the world. More than 60% of adults in the world and more than 80% of Iranian adults do not perform sufficient levels of physical activity. Despite the great advantages of exercise a huge portion of the population of many countries do not exercise adequately thus deprived of its benefits. Transtheoretical model is identified as a comprehensive model for behavior change and decision balance is regarded as a fundamental structure of the model which centers around positive and negative behavior change consequences. In this study decision was made to check the situation of sport change process in Yazd’s staff according to Transtheoretical Model and its relation with decision balance. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 220 subjects were recruited. The subjects were selected through 2-stage cluster sampling-test; the instruments for data collection were a questionnaire that consisted of two parts (demographic variables and construct of TTM. Data analyzed by ANOVA and T-test through SPSS and P Results: Results of the study on 152 males (69.1%) and 68 females (30.9%) with the average age of 34±8.68 indicated a significant relationship between pros and cons with stages of change (both P stage, 88 (40%) in contemplation, 30(13.6%) in preparation, 16(7.3%) in action and 42(19.1%) in maintenance stage. Conclusion: With regard to the fact that transtheoretical model has revealed a significant relationship between decisional balance and stage of change in exercise. It is proposed that accomplish educational class for employees, in order to increase pros and reduce cons of exercise.

9 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: Regarding the ice massage as a cost-effective and noninvasive nursing intervention and considering high satisfaction of patients, this safe and easy-to-use technique for alleviation of the labor pain is recommended.
Abstract: Background: Labor pain is the worst pain experience during women's life. The management of labor pain is amongst the leading goals of maternity care. Unrelieved labor pain may adversely affect both mother and the neonate. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Hoku point ice massage on pain intensity in primiparous women during labor. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 60 primiparous women who were expected to have normal childbirth in Hajar Hospital of Shahrekord. All participants were randomly assigned in two groups (n = 30): ice massage (treatment) and sand bag group (control). The severity of the basal pain was measured at the beginning of active phase (4 cm cervical dilation) based on Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Then, after two groups received intervention, the severity of the labor pain in 4, 6, 8 and 10 cm cervical dilation was measured. In the case group, the crushed ice twisted in a terry bag was rocked on the web of skin between thumb and forefinger. The massage was carried out in Hoku point throughout three contractions. The sand bag tactile massage in Hoku point was served in the control group. The data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive analysis using Mann- Whitney, x2, paired and independent t tests and P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: After completion of intervention, the pain intensity in the treatment group was significantly less than the control group P<0.001). Also, mean duration of active phase of labor in treatment group was significantly less than the control group (P<0.05). In the treatment group, the difference between the mean of the pain pre and post intervention was significant just in 4, 6 and 8 cervical dilation (P<0.001). Conclusions: Regarding the ice massage as a cost-effective and noninvasive nursing intervention and considering high satisfaction of patients, we recommend this safe and easy-to-use technique for alleviation of the labor pain.

7 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, a case-control study with 102 patients with NAFLD was compared with 102 controls in East Azerbaijan province, where the diagnosis of liver pathology was provided by liver MRI to confirm the presence of steatohepatitis.
Abstract: Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) describes a common clinicopathological condition characterized by significant lipid deposition in the hepatocytes in patients without history of excessive alcohol ingestion. The objective of this study was to assess the clinical and paraclinical features and risk factors of NAFLD patients in comparison with healthy population. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 102 patients with NAFLD were compared with 102 controls in East Azerbaijan province. The diagnosis of NAFLD was provided by liver ultrasonography to confirm the presence of steatohepatitis. Liver function tests, lipid profile, blood sugar, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were measured in all participants. The statistical analysis was performed using chi-square, t tests and logistic regression model and P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: This study consists of 102 patients (56 men and 46 women) and 102 controls (43 men and 59 women) (P=0.089). The mean ± SD of age of the patients was 42.53 10.70 years and 45.46 13.51 years for controls (P=0.069). The mean SD of BMI was 30.51 4.69 in patient group and 26.48 4.40 in control group (P<0.0005). The 9.8 percent of patients were underweight, 41.17 percent were in normal range and 49.01 percent were obese. The central obesity was seen in 59.8 percent of patients and 30.7 percent of controls (P<0.05). The incidence of some characteristics in patients and controls were as follow respectively: hypertriglyceridemia (63.7% vs. 20.2%), hypercholesterolemia (20.2% vs. 9.8%), hypertension (47.6% vs. 10.8%), diabetes (21.4% vs 2.3%), and elevated ALT (46.6% vs 0.9%). Elevated AST level was more common in the NAFLD group (37.9%) compared to control group (2.9%) (P<0.0005). Hypertension, grade of BMI and hypertriglyceridemia were recognized as independent predictors. Conclusion: NAFLD has similar characteristics in our population compared to other parts of the world. Hypertension high, grades of BMI and hypertriglyceridemia are suggested as useful indicators for screening of NAFLD in our population.

5 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: It is confirmed that the results of the test will not change the result of the previous test on the basis of gender or ethnicity.
Abstract: AMI دودح رد 30 دصرد گرم نيا زا يمين زا شيب هك تسا اه دهد يم يور ناتسراميب هب راميب نديسر زا لبق . دودح نينچمه كي رفن ره زا 25 هك يراميب رد يم هدنز هيلوا يرتسب رد ،دنام هديكچ فده و هنيمز : عياش زا دراكويم داح سوتكرافنا يم يبرغ ياهروشك رد ناراميب يرتسب ليلاد نيرت دشاب . زا ينوـفع لـماوع تـلاخد ًارـيخا رطم دراكويم داح سوتكرافنا يارب رطخ لماع كي ناونع هب يروليپ رتكابوكيله هلمج تسا هدش ح . اذـل لاـمتحا يـسررب روـظنم هـب هـعلاطم نـيا يحارط دراكويم داح سوتكرافنا اب يروليپ رتكابوكيله تنوفع نيب طابترا ارجا و ديدرگ . راك شور و داوم : دروم تروص هب هعلاطم نيا يدهاش يور رب 100 راميب يرتسب ) 50 و دروم 50 دهاش ( ناتسراميب رد ديهش ناشاك يتشهب لاس رد 1385 تفرگ ماجنا . دراكويمداح سوتكرافنا هب لاتبم دارفا زا ) دروم هورگ ( و رد يرتسب دارفا يراـميب هقباـس هـك ناتسراميب ياهشخب رياس دنتشادن يبلق ) دهاش هورگ ( 3 يس يداب يتنآ ،مرس ندومن ادج ز ا سپ و دش هتفرگ نوخ يس H pylori دـش يريگ هزادنا ازيلا شور هب . اـب جياـتن هدافتسا رئوكسا ياك نومزآ زا ، ttest , fisher exact test و هبساحم OR و هـيزجت دروم و تـفرگ رارـق لـيلحت 05 / 0 p< يـنعم رـظن رد راد هتفرگ دش . هتفاي اه : دروم هورــگ رد 9 رفن مرس رد يداب يتنآ دوجو رظن زا يفنم ) 18 (% ، 5 رفن مهبم ) 10 (% و 36 رفن تبــثم ) 72 (% و دهاـش هورگ رد 14 فن يفنم ر ) 28 (% ، 10 رفن مهبم ) 20 (% و 26 رفن تبثم ) 52 (% دندوب . توافت يداـب يـتنآ دوـجو رـظن زا دهاـشو دروـم هورــگ نــيب يرامآ راد ينعم ديدرگن هدــهاشم مرس رد يروليپرتكابوكيلهدض ) 11 / 0 = P ( دهاش هورگرد يداب يتنآ رتيت نيگنايم 8 / 19 ± 6 / 22 دروم هورگ ردو 8 / 31 ± 9 / 35 دوـب لاتخا نيا هك دوب راد ينعم يرامآ رظن زا هورگ ود نيب ف ) . 001 / 0 P< ( هجيتن يريگ : دـشاب يـمن يـعطق دراـكويم سوتكراـفنا زورـبو يروـليپ رتكاـبوكيله تنوفع دوجو نيب طابترا هعلاطم نيا جياتن هب هجوت اب و دشاب يم زاين هنيمز نيارد ينيلاب عيسو ياه يئامزآراك هب نآ تابثا تهج . ) قرش بيبط هلجم ، هرود 11 هرامش ، 2 ناتسـبات ، 1388 ص ، 31 ات 39 ( ديلك اه هژاو : دراكويم داح سوتكرافنا ،يروليپ رتكابوكيله دض يداب يتنآ ناشاك ، تفايرد خيرات هلاقم : 31 / 3 / 87 هلاقم شريذپ خيرات : 19 / 2 / 88

5 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: م همدق عياش زا يكي ادص طيحم رد £1,000,000 لما دوش شيب ناهج 600 اه ي دازآ دراد اذل تسا هتخانشان د
Abstract: م همدق عياش زا يكي ادص طيحم رد يكيزيف روآ نايز لماوع نيرت تسيز طيحم و راك ياه تسا . ب ه يروط يم دروآرب هك رد دوش زا شيب ناهج 600 رد رفن نويليم دوخ راك طيحم رد ضرعم يا زا هك دنراد رارق كانرطخ يادص دادعت ن 50 ات 60 رفن نويليم يم يلامش ياكيرمآ و يياپورا ياهروشك رد دنشاب . ) 1 ( درادناتسا يارب ادصراشف زارت 8 و زور رد راك تعاس 40 هتفه رد تعاس ، 85 لب يسد يم دشاب دح نيرتلااب و هك ادص تدش و راشف زارت لوط رد درف 8 طقف يراك تعاس 88 / 1 اب ههجاوم هب زاجم هقيقد هديكچ فده و هنيمز : ادص هزورما هب كي ناونع زا ي ع و لما دوش يم بوسحم روآ نايز . تفاب بيسآ رب ينبم يدهاوش هچرگا ياـه يياونـش نوزـلح هب لاكيدار هليسو اه ي دازآ دراد دوجو اذل تسا هتخانشان دنلب يادص زا يشان يتفاب بيسآ قيقد مسيناكم اما طاـبترا يـسررب فده اب هعلاطم نيا رد رييغت و ادص نيب نازيم نويتاتولگ ) ناديسكا يتنآ ( ام و يد نول ديئدلآ ) ديپيل نويسا ديسكا زا يشان تيلوباتم ( يادـص ضرـعم رد شوگرخ دبك تسا هتفرگ ماجنا دنلب . راك شور و داوم : هعلاطم نيا يهاگشيامزآ لاس رد 1383 سردم تيبرت هاگشناد رد رـب يور 12 رـن شوـگرخ رـس ديفـس نزو اـب يدـنلزوين

5 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared the efficacy of APACHE II, adjusted APAChe II and TRISS models in predicting the mortality rate and quality of provided services in head trauma patients.
Abstract: Background: Head trauma is a common and potentially fatal injury. Various models such as APACHE II, simplified APACHE (SAPA II), MPM II, and TRISS have been proposed to predict mortality in these patients. In this study, we compared the efficacy of APACHE II, adjusted APACHE II and TRISS models in predicting the mortality rate and quality of provided services in head trauma patients. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cross sectional study, we calculated the APACHE II and TRISS scores, and predicted mortality rate by each model as well as predicted rate of adjusted APACHE II in head trauma patients admitted to a general ICU at Khatam-al-Anbia hospital of Zahedan from June 2006 to June 2007. The discriminating power of the models to predict the mortality rates were then measured and compared using area under ROC curve and z statistics, respectively. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Fifty six patients were included in this cross-sectional study. Of these, there were 49 men and 7 women with the mean age of 24.4 years. The mean duration of ICU admission was 10.07±6.40 days and 11 patients (19.6%) passed away. The mean APACHE II and TRISS scores were 44.78±5.13 and 18.75±8.79, respectively. The comparison between the APACHE II and adjusted APACHE II (P value = 0.8), APACHE II and TRISS (P value=0.2), and adjusted APACHE II and TRISS (P value=0.25) showed no significant difference. Discussion: Our study revealed that APACHE II predicted the mortality rates better than adjusted APACHE II and TRISS models in head trauma patients admitted to ICU but this priority was not statistically significant.

4 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: It is shown here how to identify the different types of phytochemical reactions in the blood of a person bitten by a venomous snake.
Abstract: Background: Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is a form of viral hepatitis in which the HBV-DNA is present in blood while the HBsAg is undetectable. As differences in genetics and immunological responses have important role on OBI we were persuaded to analyze the known CCR5-D32 mutation (a chemokine receptor) in patients with OBI. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 3700 blood samples that were HBsAg negative were collected during March 2006 to February 2007, from Rafsanjan blood transfusion services. All samples were tested for anti-HBc antibody. The HBsAg negative and anti-HBc positive samples were analyzed for HBV-DNA by PCR technique. The HBV-DNA positive samples were regarded as OBI cases. Finally, the Gap-PCR was performed to examine the d32 mutation in OBI patients. Results: The analysis of results showed that 352 (9.51%) cases of HBsAg negative samples were positive for anti-HBc. Following examination of HBsAg negative and anti-HBc positive samples for HBV-DNA by PCR based methods we found that 57(16.1%) cases had HBV-DNA. None of the OBI patients had d32 mutation in CCR5 chemokine receptor whereas 2(2%) of controls had heterozigotic form of this mutation. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study it seems that CCR5-D32 mutation does not affect the immune response against HBV to make OBI. Occult Hepatitis B Infection, CCR5, HBsAg, HBV-DNA, d32 Mutation

4 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: It is confirmed that the World Anti-Doping Agency (WSA) will not be investigating the use of anti-doping equipment in Syria following a complaint by the Syrian government.
Abstract: م همدق هبرجت ار نآ يگدنز رد درف ره هك تسا يتلاح بارطضا يم دنك . هدش هداد ناشن هك تسا نامز رد يسپانيس هناتسآ شهاك يلومعم تاكيرحت هب يعفادت خساپ شيازفا ثعاب بارطضا يم دوش . ن ياه متسيس شقن تاعلاطم رد ار يعيسو ييايميشورو هدنريگ و كيژرااباگ متسيس اما دنا هداد ناشن بارطضا هديدپ اباگ A مهم زا متسيس نيرت هب بارطضا رد ريگرد ياه رامش يم ديآ . ) 1 ( نيپزايدوزنب زا بارطضا نامرد يارب تاروتيبراب و اه اه هدافتسا يم ما دوش ـ ت اب ا ـ هب هجو يميش ياهوراد نيا رضم تارثا ييا هديكچ فده و هنيمز : يارب هنوباب لگ ةراصع يبارطضا دض و ينيكست تارثا تسا هدش حرطم . شن نينچمه ياراد يهاـيگ يوراد نيا هدش هداد نا تسا ينژورتساوتيف تابيكرت . نومروه توافتم شقن هب هجوت اب هدـيدپ رد يسـنج ياـه رـظن هـب ،بارطـضا هـلمج زا كـيژولويزيف فـلتخم ياـه يم دسر وراد نيا ديامن لمع توافتم هدام و رن سنج رد . ـقف و روضح رد هنوباب يبارطضا دض تيصاخ قيقحت نيا رد اذل رد يسـنج ددـغ ناد ود سنج تفرگ رارق هسياقم دروم . شور و داوم راك : هعلاطم نيا رد يهاگشيامزآ لاس رد هك 1385 نارمچ ديهش هاگشناد رد زاوها دش ماجنا زا 112 شوم ةداـم و رـن يروس داژن غلاب NMRI رد 16 هورگ 7 ييات لماـش : دهاـش ،هدروـخن تـسد ) مـش ( ـننك تـفايرد و يسـنج ددـغ دـقاف ، ةراصـع فـلتخم ياـهزود ةد هنوباب لگ يلكلاورديه ) 10،30،50 مرگوليك رب مرگ يليم ( دش هدافتسا . ـب زاـم ه ةـيلك يـتكرح تـيلاعف و بارطـضا يباـيزرا يارـب عـفترم ةولاـع هورگ تفرگ رارق هدافتسا دروم اه . هداد اه زا هدافتسا اب كي سنايراو زيلانآ هفرط ANOVA ، نومزآ t و م هسياقم يارب يكوت نيگناـي روـط هـب اـه تفرگ رارق يسررب دروم هناگادج و يراد ينعم حطس 05 / 0 P< دش هتفرگ رظن رد . اه هتفاي : هنوباب لگ ةراصع ياهزود رد 10 و 30 مرگوليك رب مرگ يليم شوم رد بارطضا شهاك ثعاب هدروـخن تسد رن ياه ) 05 / 0 P< ( و دش يسنج ددغ دقاف ) 05 / 0 P< ( يلاح رد هك يزود چيه رد ريثأت شوـم رد بارطضا نازيم رب ي يسـنج ددـغ دـقاف و هدروـخن تـسد ةداـم ياـه تشادن . دش دهاش هورگ هب تبسن رن ياهشوم رد بارطضا شيازفا ثعاب يسنج ددغ فذح ) 05 / 0 P< ( . هداـم ياهـشوم رد يسـنج ددـغ فذـح تشادن بارطضا نازيم رب يريثأت دهاش هورگ هب تبسن . ياهزود رد هنوباب ةراصع فلتخم عف رب رد و تـشادن يرـثا رـن ياهـشوم يـتكرح تـيلا شوم طقف هدام ياه رد زود mg/kg 50 دش يتكرح تيلاعف شهاك ثعاب . ) 05 / 0 P< ( يريگ هجيتن : تابيكرت لاامتحا و هدوب سنج هب هتسباو هنوباب يبارطضا دض رثا دسر يم رظن هب ينژورتـساوتيف نـيا لوئسـم هـنوباب رد دوـجوم م و رن سنج رد رثا فلاتخا دشاب يم هدا . ) ،قرش بيبط هلجم هرود 11 هرامش ، 2 ناتسبات ، 1388 ص ، 19 ات 29 ( ديلك اه هژاو : ب زام ،هنوباب لگ ،يسنج ددغ ،بارطضا ه يروس شوم ،عفترم ةولاع تفايرد خيرات هلاقم : 28 / 3 / 87 پ خيرات هلاقم شريذ : 24 / 12 / 87

4 citations





Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the prevalence of Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency was detected in admitted males for pre-marriage tests in a reference laboratory in Zahedan, Iran.
Abstract: Background: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common known enzymopathy in human. G6PD deficiency is usually asymptomatic, however, deficient individuals are at increased risk of developing acute hemolytic anemia and hyperbilirubinemia following intake of oxidative agents and fava. The objective of present study was to detect prevalence of G6PD deficiency in admitted males for premarriage tests in Zahedan reference laboratory. Also, we compared blood indices of normal and G6PD deficient individuals. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was carried out on 1340 admitted males in Zahedan reference laboratory from February 2008 to March 2009. G6PD activity was determined in EDTA containing blood samples by qualitative fluorescence spot test, then G6PD deficiency was confirmed by quantitative spectrophotometric method. Total leukocyte count and RBC indices of G6PD deficient samples and the same number of normal samples were compared. The differences between two groups were compared using Sigmaplot software and t-Student test. A P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: G6PD deficiency was found in 84 individuals of total 1340 by fluorescence spot test and confirmed in 79 by quantitative method. Therefore, prevalence of G6PD deficiency in Zahedan was estimated to be 5.9%. Comparison of deficient and normal individuals did not show significant difference in WBC count, RBC count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and RDW-SD. However, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was significantly high and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and RDW-CV were significantly low in G6PD deficient individuals compared to those with normal enzyme level. Discussion: present study revealed that the prevalence of G6PD deficiency in Zahedan is 5.9%. Severity of G6PD deficiency in quantitative assay indicated that class I and II are probably dominant variants in Zahedan.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used microscopy, Formalin-ether concentration, culture and PCR techniques to differentiate Entamoeba histolytica from Entamoneba dispar in 1562 stool samples in medical center of Zahedan during July 2004 to January 2006.
Abstract: Background Entamoeba histolytica, resident in large bowel, is the causative agent of an estimated 40 to 50 million cases of amebic colitis and liver abscess, and is responsible for up to 100000 deaths world wide each year. Based on the results of various studies, it is accepted that Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar which are morphologicaly identical, differ in biology and pathogenicity. This study was performed to estimate the prevalence of contamination of stool samples with these species in medical centers of Zahedan city. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study we used microscopy, Formalin-ether concentration, culture and PCR techniques to differentiate of Entamoeba histolytica from Entamoeba dispar in 1562 stool samples in medical center of Zahedan during July 2004 to January 2006. Data were analyzed with Chi-square, Mann-Whitney and Fisher tests. P value<0.05 considered to be statistically significant. Results: Eight cases (0.51%) of all samples were positive for Entamoeba histolytica/ Entamoeba dispar by direct microscopy and Formalin-ether concentration Methods. All isolates were cultured in HSr+s and Robinson Media. Seven samples were examined by 2 set of oligonucleotid primers HSP 1,2 and DSP1,2 by PCR technique and six isolates were identified to be Entamoeba dispar. Conclusion: This study by using PCR technique showed that most of the patients referred to medical centers of Zahedan were infected with Entamoeba dispar.

Journal Article
TL;DR: It is confirmed that the World Anti-Doping Agency (WSA) has approved the use of e-cigarettes in Syria as a method for detecting banned substances with a high level of accuracy.
Abstract: Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of digital and conventional radiographic methods in diagnosis of horizontal alveolar bone loss. Materials and Methods: In this diagnostic study 48 radiographs of 104 teeth with periodontal disease that exhibited horizontal alveolar bone loss were obtained by digital and conventional radiography technique in Zahedan faculty of dentistry in 2007. The depth of intrabony defects was determined by linear measurement analysis of radiovisiography (RVG) and coolis. The distance from cemento enamel junction (CEJ) to the alveolar crest was assessed intra-surgically. The comparison between RVG measurement, conventional radiographic measurements and intrasurgical estimates were performed using paired t-test and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The distance between CEJ and alveolar crest by RVG method was 3.53±1.47 mm while it was 3.56±1.58 mm by intrasurgical method and 2.9±1.47 by conventional radiography. No statistically significant difference was seen between digital radiographic and intra-surgical measurements (P=0.42). The difference between digital and conventional radiographic measurements was statistically significant (p=0.001). Conclusion: This study showed that the result of digital radiographic measurement was closer to the intra-surgical gold standard. Digital radiographic method was more sensitive than conventional radiography to detect horizontal alveolar bone loss. That’s why we recommend digital imaging as a more useful method than conventional radiography for evaluating the horizontal alveolar bone loss.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the expression of C-FOS transcription was found to increase in many areas of the brain during morphine withdrawal in male mice and decrease significantly in female mice after naloxone-precipitated abstinence.
Abstract: Background: There are some evidences that indicate there are sexual differences in drug abuse and response to synthetic and herbal drugs It has been shown that the expression of C-FOS increases in many areas of brain during morphine withdrawal Concerning the sedative effect of Matricaria recutita extract, the aim of this study was to compare expression of C-FOS transcription factor during morphine withdrawal with and without acute administration of Matricaria recutita on male and female adult mice Materials and Methods: This study was done at Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz in 2007 on NMRI mice Male and female mice were assigned into 8 groups (morphine + saline; morphine + naloxone; morphine + Matricaria recutita + naloxone; and morphine + saline + naloxone) To develop morphine dependency, increasing doses of morphine (20, 40, 80 mg/kg injected subcutaneously) for 4 days Mice received a final morphine injection (40 mg/kg) 3hours prior to naloxone (5 mg/kg) on the day of testing (day 4) Matricaria recutita extract whit a dose of 30 mg/kg was administered intraperitoneally 5 minutes before naloxone injection In cellular study, 90minute after naloxone injection, mice were decapitated and their brains were separated, then mRNA was extracted from brain tissue Using DIG-labeled DNA probe of C-FOS, beta-actin and dot blot technique, expression of C-FOS was analyzed by Zero Dscan software Statistical evaluation of data was performed using student t-test and ANOVA with one factor followed by Duncan test in SPSS software P values less than 005 were considered significant Results: The rate of expression of C-FOS increased in male mice but decreased significantly in female mice after naloxone-precipitated abstinence) P rate of expression of C-FOS in male mice but it showed synergistic effect on it in female mice ( P Conclusion: It seems that the cellular processes involving morphine dependency and response to treatment with Matricaria recutita are sex dependent and are affected by sexual hormones

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the role of serine/threonine protein phosphatases in the inhibitory effects of low-frequency electrical stimulation (LFS) on perforant path kindling acquisition was investigated.
Abstract: Background: The use of low-frequency electrical stimulation (LFS) as a therapy for epilepsy is currently being studied in experimental animals and patients with epilepsy. In the present study, we investigated the role of serine/threonine protein phosphatases in the inhibitory effects of LFS on perforant path kindling acquisition. Materials and Methods: Sixty four male Wistar rats were stimulated by perforant path stimulation in a rapid kindling manner (6 stimulations per day). The LFS (1 Hz) was applied immediately after termination of each kindling stimulation. The FK506 (1μM; i.c.v.), a serine/threonine protein phosphatase PP2B inhibitor and okadaic acid (1μM;i.c.v.), a serine/threonine protein phosphatases PP1/2A inhibitor, were daily microinjected into the left ventricle 10 min before starting the stimulation protocol. A two-way ANOVA was done to compare the seizure parameters of different groups. The effect of LFS on behavioral seizure scores was analyzed using the nonparametric Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney U tests. P value less than 0.05 was considered as the level of significance. Results: Appling LFS immediately after kindling stimulation significantly retarded the kindling acquisition and delayed the expression of different kindled seizure stages. In addition, LFS significantly reduced the increment of daily after-discharge duration during kindling development. Microinjection of neither FK506 nor okadaic acid had significant effect on the antiepileptogenic effect of LFS on kindling parameters. Conclusion: Our findings showed that activation of PP1/2A and PP2B, which play a critical role in LFS, induced down-regulation of synaptic strength, had no role in mediating the inhibitory effects of LFS on perforant path kindled seizures.

Journal Article
TL;DR: This document is intended to help clarify the role that race-related incidents in the build-up to the 2016 Olympics and Paralympic Games in Rio de Janeiro have contributed towards this goal.
Abstract: Background: The incidence of post-operative nausea and vomitting (PONV) is increased after middle ear surgery and it may complicate and interact with reconstruction after surgery, so prevention and treatment of these complications are necessary. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of anti-emetic combinations in decreasing the PONV after middle ear surgery. Materials and methods: This double blind clinical trial was carried out during 2007-2008 on 111 patients of 15-45 years old with ASA I-II who were candidates for elective middle ear surgery under general anesthesia. The patients were divided into three groups. Patients in the ON group received Ondansetrone 0.1mg/kg + Nacl 0.9% 2cc, OD group received Ondansetrone 0.1mg/kg + Dexamethasone 0.15mg/kg and MD group received Dexamethasone 0.15mg/kg+ Metoclopramide 0.15mg/kg intravenously just before the end of surgery. The patients were evaluated for nausea, vomiting, need of anti-emetic drugs and drug dosage in recovery, 1-6, 6-12 and 12-24 hours after operation and then all data were statistically analyzed by SPSS software, Chi-square, ANOVA and t- Test. P<0.05 was significant. Results: There were no significant differences among three groups in age and sex. The incidence of PONV among 3 groups was not significantly different during 24 hours after operation. (P=0.271) but the incidence of PONV in the first six hours was different among 3 groups (P=0.007) (ON: 8.1%, OD: 0%, MD: 21.6%). Also Metoclopramide consumption was significant between three groups. Conclusion: This study showed that the need to anti-emetic drugs in first 6 hours was the least in OD group, but the difference in the incidence of PONV was not significant otherwise.


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the possible correlation between MDR1 gene C3435T polymorphism and clinicopathologic findings and response to treatment in Iranian breast cancer patients.
Abstract: Background: Resistance to drugs with different structure and function is a great obstacle to the successful treatment of breast cancer. A well-known mechanism responsible for drug resistance is over-expression of ABC-transporter genes such as MDR1. MDR1 gene polymorphisms may result in drug resistance. In this study we investigated the possible correlation between MDR1 gene C3435T polymorphism and clinicopathologic findings and response to treatment in Iranian breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study we investigated C3435T polymorphism of MDR1 gene in 54 breast cancer patients admitted to Imam Khomeini Hospital of Tehran and 40 individuals without history of breast cancer by PCR-RFLP technique during 2006-2008. Association of this polymorphism with response to treatment and clinicopathologic characteristics were also investigated. Data were analyzed using Chi-Square test and SPSS software. P values<0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Results: In patient group frequencies of genotypes were 18% for CC, 56%for CT and %26 for TT whereas in control group frequencies of genotypes were %23 for CC, %50 for CT and %27 for TT. There was no significant difference in frequency of C3435T polymorphism between breast cancer patients and healthy controls. Frequency of C3435T polymorphism between responders and non-responders was not significant. Conclusions: It seems that there is no correlation between C3435T polymorphism of MDR1 gene and response to treatment, clinical findings and pathologic characteristics of breast cancer. So the role of C3435T polymorphism in response to treatment is still controversial.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, a case of uterine diverticulum rupture due to pregnancy in a 19 years old woman with nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain is reported, although rare, in complicated pregnancies we should think to genital tract anomalies.
Abstract: Uterovaginal malformations, occur in 0.16% of women and contribute to the problems of infertility, recurrent pregnancy loss, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, amenorrhea and a poor outcome in pregnancy. True diverticulum is an exceedingly rare anomaly and is like a tubular formation connected to uterine cavity that ends in a cul-de sac and It is not classified as any of mullerian duct anomalies. In this article a case of uterine diverticulum rupture due to pregnancy in a 19 years old woman with nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain is reported. Although rare, in complicated pregnancy we should think to genital tract anomalies.

Journal Article
TL;DR: It is claimed that up to 20,000 people have died in the last year as a result of stampede-related injuries in the Middle East.
Abstract: Background: Luting agents are used to attach indirect restoration into or on the tooth. Poor mechanical properties of cement may be a cause of fracture of this layer and lead to caries and restoration removal. The purpose of this study was to compare the elastic modulus and compressive strength of Ariadent (A Poly) and Harvard polycarboxylate (H Poly) cements and Vitremer resin modified glass ionomer (RGl). Materials & Methods: In this experimental study 15 specimens were prepared form each experimental cement in Laboratory of Tehran Oil Refining Company. The cylindrical specimens were compressed in Instron machine after 24 hours. Elastic modulus and compressive strength were calculated from stress/strain curve of each specimen. One way ANOVA and Tukey tests were used for statistical analysis and P values<0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Results: The mean elastic modulus and mean compressive strength were 2.2 GPa and 87.8MPa in H poly, 2.4 GPa and 56.5 MPa in A Poly, and 0.8GPa and 105.6 MPa in RGI, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that compressive strength and elastic modulus of both polycarboxylate cements were significantly different from hybrid ionomer (P<0.05), but the difference between elastic modulus of two types of polycarboxilate cements was not statistically significant. Compressive strength of two polycarboxilate cements were significantly different (P<0.05). Conclusion: An ideal lutting agent must have the best mechanical properties. Between the tested luttins RGl cement had the lowest elastic modulus and the highest compressive strength, but the A poly cement had the highest elastic modulus and the lowest compressive strength. Therefore none of them was the best.