Showing papers in "Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences in 2019"
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of exposure to ionizing and non-ionizing radiations on cell functions and antioxidant defense were investigated, and it was concluded that physiological responses of cells to injurious stimuli by changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production cause impairment of cell functions via oxidative damage, and also cause a physiological phenomenon known as adaptive response.
Abstract: Context: The deleterious effects of ionizing and non-ionizing radiations occur through non-thermal and thermal effects. Thermal effects occur particularly at long wavelength radiations with heating properties and increase temperature of the tissue. The non-thermal effects are due to the changes in structure and functions of cell membrane, genetic effects, extracellular /intracellular signaling pathways, and oxidative stress. Objectives: Oxidative stress referring to overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and /or deficiency in antioxidant defense mechanisms acts like a double-edged sword. Therefore, modification of endogenous antioxidants activity and production of ROS have a significant role in controlling such conditions. Methods: The current review study focused on the effects of oxidative stress after exposure to ionizing and non-ionizing radiations on cell functions and antioxidant defense. Results: The results of many studies suggested that exposure to both ionizing and non-ionizing radiations (e.g., radiofrequency electromagnetic fields emitted from mobile phones and other wireless technologies) may activate oxidizing events, which transform the atomic structure and change macromolecules structures such as proteins, lipids, and DNA. Conclusions: It can be concluded that physiological responses of cells to injurious stimuli by changes in ROS production cause impairment of cell functions via oxidative damage, and also cause a physiological phenomenon known as adaptive response. In fact, rate of ROS production, redox state of the cell, previous exposures to harmful agents along with other factors contribute to the prevalence of each of such responses.
15 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the hepatoprotective effects of ginger extract on liver enzymes, lipid profiles, and indices of oxidative stress, including antioxidant enzymes activity and Malondialdehyde (MDA) against hepatotoxicity induced by ethanol in male rats was evaluated.
Abstract: Background: Acute and chronic ethanol consumption causes oxidative stress in the liver and Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ginger) ginger improves the function of the liver. Objectives: In the present study, the hepatoprotective effects of ginger extract on liver enzymes, lipid profiles, and indices of oxidative stress, including antioxidant enzymes activity and Malondialdehyde (MDA) against hepatotoxicity induced by ethanol in male rats was evaluated. Methods: Twenty-eight adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to four groups and were treated daily for 28 days as follows: group I: control (received normal saline), group II: ginger (1 g/kg/day ginger extract solution in saline by oral gavage), group III: ethanol (4 g/kg/day ethanol by oral gavage), and group IV: ginger + ethanol. At the end of the experimental period, obtained sera from blood samples were used for assessment of liver enzymes and lipids, and liver tissue homogenate was used for estimating oxidative biomarkers. Furthermore, total phenolics content and in vitro antioxidant potential of ginger extract was determined to correlate hepatoprotective activity with phytochemical and antioxidant activity. Results: In the ethanol group, the results showed a significant increase in biomarkers of oxidative stress and liver function biomarkers compared to other groups (P < 0.05). The level of altered enzyme markers was ameliorated significantly in the ginger co-treatment (ginger + ethanol) group (P < 0.05), while no significant difference in biochemical parameters were observed in ginger alone and control groups. Conclusions: It can be concluded that ginger extract has protective effects against toxicity induced by ethanol in the liver of male rats. The protective effect may be attributed to the presence of phenolics and flavonoids components.
9 citations
TL;DR: The findings of this research showed that the ethanolic extract of propolis has considerable anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities.
Abstract: Background: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are usually used to alleviate pain and Inflammation. The widespread use of NSAIDs has caused the risk and side effects of these drugs commonly increase. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) in male mice and rats. Methods: In this experimental study, EEP was prepared and administered in doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of body weight. The anti-inflammatory potential was assessed by inflammatory models of xylene-induced ear edema and cotton pellet granuloma tests, whereas the antinociceptive potential was assessed by formalin and acetic acid-induced writhing methods. Results: The EEP at doses of 100 (P < 0.05), 200 (P < 0.001) and 400 mg/kg (P < 0.001) significantly diminished the foundation of edema caused by xylene. A significant decrease was seen in granuloma weight in EEP at doses of 200 (P < 0.001) and 400 mg/kg (P < 0.001). The extract caused a significant decrease in licking time at first phase in EEP at 100 (P < 0.01), 200 (P < 0.001), and 400 mg/kg (P < 0.001). A significant decrease was observed (P < 0.001) in licking time at the second phase in EEP at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg. In the writhing model, a significant decrease was observed in the number of writhes in EEP at doses of 100 (P < 0.05), 200 (P < 0.001), and 400 mg/kg (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The findings of this research showed that the ethanolic extract of propolis has considerable anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities.
8 citations
TL;DR: Generally, most of the nurses perceived having minor problems to no problems with respect to mental fatigue, and workload was not found as a contributing factor tomental fatigue.
Abstract: Background: Mental fatigue is a very common problem in everyday modern life, during which, individual performance decreases for complex cognitive activities. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the level of mental fatigue and its relationship with mental workload among nurses. Methods: In this descriptive analytical cross-sectional study, 203 nurses were selected from several hospital wards in Kermanshah, Iran. A demographic form, Mental Fatigue Scale (MFS) and NASA-TLX were used to obtain data. The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient, analysis of variance and independent t-test. Results: The mean (SD) scores for the participants’ mental fatigue and mental workload were 13.24 (7.41) and 69.73 (15.26), respectively. Data analysis did not show any significant relationship between mental fatigue and mental workload (P = 0.120). Conclusions: Generally, most of the nurses perceived having minor problems to no problems with respect to mental fatigue, and workload was not found as a contributing factor to mental fatigue.
8 citations
TL;DR: AP alcoholic root extract improved FSH, LH, testosterone, epididymis, testis, and body weight gain in STZ diabetic male rats.
Abstract: Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is known as a worldwide growing metabolic disorder which reduces fertility. Objectives: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of alcoholic root extract of Anacyclus pyrethrum (AP) on FSH, LH, testosterone and sperm count in diabetic male rats. Methods: This study was conducted on 60 Wistar-Albino male rats divided into six groups: control group (C), and diabetic groups including: control group (DC), placebo receiver (P) which received 50 (DA1), 100 (DA2) and 150 (DA3) mg/kg alcoholic AP root extract during trial period. Diabetes was induced with an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 60mg/kg). At the end, animals were anesthetized and blood samples were collected from cervical vessels. Serum FSH and LH were determined by ELISA methods. Serum testosterone was measured by standard laboratory method. Sperm count in epididymis and vas deferens was determined using a hemocytometer. The data were analyzed using SPSS V.11 via ANOVA and Tukey tests. Results were expressed as mean ± SD. Statistical differences were considered significant at P < 0.05. Results: Results showed that the serum FSH, LH, testosterone, epididymis, testis, and body weight in all groups which received AP alcoholic root extract significantly increased compared to groups DC and P. Conclusions: AP alcoholic root extract improved FSH, LH and testosterone hormones and body weight gain in STZ diabetic male rats.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of E2-primed mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy in a rat model of ulcerative colitis were evaluated in two distinct groups.
Abstract: Background: Among the available supplements, 17 β-estradiol (E2) has strong proliferative effects on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Objectives: The current study aimed at evaluating the effects of E2-primed MSCs therapy in a rat model of ulcerative colitis. Methods: After the isolation of MSCs, cells were co-cultured with E2 for 24 hours. Colitis was induced by acetic acid in four groups; the control colitis, MSCs-treated, E2-primed MSCs-treated (E2-MSCs), and normal. MSCs and E2-MSCs were injected into the peritoneum in two distinct groups. After 10 days, the rats were evaluated for the level of nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase, total protein, and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) in colonic homogenates. Results: The cell therapy with E2-MSCs in rats with colitis had a more desirable outcome; indeed, it resulted in a favorable regression in clinical score and inflammatory profile in rats with colitis than the MSCs-treated. The levels of myeloperoxidase, nitric oxide, and malondialdehyde were significantly diminished and, conversely, the total protein levels were significantly increased in rats with ulcerative colitis receiving E2-MSCs compared to rats with colitis receiving untreated MSCs. On the same side, the level of proinflammatory cytokines reduced significantly in E2-MSCs rats than the MSCs group. Conclusions: E2-MSCs decrease colonic damage significantly, which is probably associated with the prominent reduction of lipid peroxidation, neutrophil infiltration, and the levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the colonic tissue. Therefore, it seems that E2 effectively surmounts the limitations of MSC application and makes it an ideal choice for cell therapy in inflammatory diseases such as ulcerative colitis.
5 citations
TL;DR: The findings showed a significant association between the type of stroke and serum level of HDL-C, and the serum TG level was significantly higher in IS patients in comparison with HS patients.
Abstract: Background: Stroke can be classified into ischemic and hemorrhagic types with respect to disturbance in blood flow. Although serum lipids are well-known risk factors for atherosclerosis, the relationship between serum lipid profile and type of stroke remains unknown. Previous studies have reported controversial results regarding the role of dyslipidemia in different types of strokes. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the serum lipid profile of patients with ischemic stroke (IS) and hemorrhagic stroke (HS). Methods: A total of 201 patients with IS and HS, who were admitted to the neurology ward of Ali-Ibn Abi-Talib Hospital and had not used any lipid-reducing drugs, were evaluated on the first day of admission. The serum lipid profile, including triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), was measured in these patients. Results: The participants were 48.8% male and 51.2% female. The serum TG level was significantly higher in IS patients in comparison with HS patients. The findings showed a significant association between the type of stroke and serum level of HDL-C. Conclusions: The results indicated a significant association between the lipid profile and type of stroke.
5 citations
4 citations
TL;DR: Developing ELISA tests using native antigens would be a reliable method to improve the efficacy of human hydatidosis, according to the lack of surgical information among the heterologous and control groups.
Abstract: Background: As an ancient zoonosis, cystic echinococcosis still is prevalent among livestock worldwide. Early diagnosis is of utmost clinical importance. Objectives: Herein, we compared the efficacy of ELISA with native antigen B and a commercial ELISA kit to detect human hydatidosis in Khuzestan province, southwestern Iran. Methods: The current study consisted of 90 serum samples, including 50 samples obtained from hydatid-affected patients approved by surgery, 20 samples from patients affected by other diseases (having anti-Toxoplasma antibody, giardiasis, hepatitis, etc.), and 20 serum samples from healthy individuals. Native antigen B was prepared from sheep-isolated hydatid cysts. Checkerboard procedure was performed to determine the optimum dilution of antigen, serum and conjugate. Commercial ELISA was done using Vircell indirect immunoenzyme assay to detect anti-hydatidosis IgG. The cut-off point for native ELISA was the sum of two-fold standard deviation and the mean optical density of all negative samples. Results: Using commercial ELISA kit and native ELISA test, 22 out of 90 and 52 out of 90 sera were positive for hydatid-specific IgG, respectively. Compared to the operation, the sensitivity of native and commercial ELISA tests was 100% and 44%, respectively. However, the specificity was not determined due to the lack of surgical information among the heterologous and control groups. In comparison to the commercial ELISA, both tests showed the same sensitivity (97%), while the specificity of native and commercial ELISA was 95% and 96%, respectively. Conclusions: Developing ELISA tests using native antigens would be a reliable method to improve the efficacy of human hydatidosis detection.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of MetS and some related components among taxi and bus drivers in Zahedan, because they have the working conditions and unusual lifestyles that can increases the risk of Mets.
Abstract: Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is known as an important predictor of cardiovascular mortality, which has recently increasing among professional drivers. Objectives: The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of MetS and some related components among taxi and bus drivers in Zahedan, because they have the working conditions and unusual lifestyles that can increases the risk of Mets. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 500 male taxi and bus drivers were randomly selected. Waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, lipid profile and fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels were measured. The MetS was defined using criteria of Iranian National Committee of Obesity (INCO). Results: The prevalence of MetS among taxi and bus drivers was 20% and 29.5%, respectively. The most frequent components contributing to MetS in taxi drivers were high triglyceride (81.4%), low HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol) (81.4%) and central obesity (64.4%); while in the bus drivers were central obesity (75%), high fasting blood glucose (73.3%) and high triglyceride (76.7%). By increasing age, driving duration and decreasing physical activity, odds ratio of MetS was increased. Conclusions: The findings show that drivers are in high risk population groups for MetS and its complications. Thus, the substantial changes in lifestyle and educational programs implementation for promotion of their public health may be able to reduce the MetS risk and disease consequences.
4 citations
TL;DR: All Neoniti, Reciproc, and ProTaper systems create micro cracks in the root dentin, which is one of the most important stages in successful root canal treatment.
Abstract: Background: Biomechanical preparation of root canals is one of the most important stages in successful root canal treatment. Objectives: The aim of this study was evaluating and comparing dentinal micro cracks following root canal preparation with Neoniti, Reciproc, and ProTaper rotary systems. Methods: Fifty mandibular first molars were selected and their distal roots were cut. The roots were randomly divided into three experimental groups of 15 and one control group consisting of 5 teeth. Defective specimens were excluded and replaced by sound molar teeth. A silicone-wash impression material was used to cover the root surface for simulating the PDL. The specimens were then prepared by Neoniti (25/0.08), Reciproc (25/0.08), and ProTaper rotary systems (up to the F3). The teeth in the control group remained unprepared. The specimens were then sectioned horizontally in of 3, 6, and 9 mm distances from the apex and explored by a stereomicroscope. Incidence of micro cracks formation were statistically analyzed by chi-square test. Results: The intact specimens were free of cracks, but all root canals prepared with three different files had cracks. The frequency of micro cracks was observed in 46.7%, 40%, and 20% of root canals following the preparation with Reciproc, Neoniti, and ProTaper files respectively. The cracks were in the middle thirds in teeth prepared by the Reciproc and ProTaper files and in the coronal and middle thirds in those prepared by the Neoniti file. Conclusions: All Neoniti, Reciproc, and ProTaper systems create micro cracks in the root dentin. More cracks were observed in the Reciproc system.
TL;DR: In this article, a descriptive-analytical study was performed on 300 high school female students in Zahedan in 2017, and the results showed that 221 subjects (73.7%) had PMS and 79 subjects (26.3%) had no syndrome.
Abstract: Background: Menstrual cycle and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) refer to the periodic recurrence of a combination of physical, psychological, and behavioral changes in women. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the age at menarche and PMS with anthropometric indices in the high school female students in Zahedan, Iran. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 300 high school female students in Zahedan in 2017. The demographic and anthropometric characteristics of the participants were recorded. The standard PMS questionnaire was used to study PMS. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 22 using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) as well as analytical statistics, including t-test and Pearson’s correlation test. A value of P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The results showed that 221 subjects (73.7%) had PMS, whereas 79 subjects (26.3%) had no syndrome. There was a significant correlation between the mean age at menarche and weight (P = 0.004) as well as height (P = 0.025). A significant difference was observed in terms of the status physical factors (P = 0.038), between the mild and severe forms of PMS and age at menarche (P = 0.03). Conclusions: Given the high prevalence of PMS and its association with anthropometric indices, it is suggested to improve the nutritional status and physical health of high school female students.
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of endurance training on gene expression of Arf6 in the cerebellum of male Wistar rats with DPN were evaluated by real-time PCR.
Abstract: Background: Experimental evidence demonstrated that endurance training (ET) could be beneficial for the diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), but its mechanism is not clear. Due to the critical role of the ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf6) in the nervous system, the current study aimed at evaluating the effects of ET on gene expression of Arf6 in cerebellum of male Wistar rats with DPN. Methods: Animals were randomly divided into three groups: Control (C), diabetic control (DC), and diabetic trained (DT). Diabetes induction was performed by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Behavioral nociception assessment was conducted by Von Frey filaments and tail flick tests. Treadmill protocol consisted of six weeks of moderate intensity endurance training. The Arf6 cerebellar gene expression was assessed by the real-time PCR. Results: In the current study, the Arf6 gene expression levels in the DC group were significantly higher than those of the C group (P = 0.003). Also, ET could damp this elevation in diabetic rats (P = 0.004). Conclusions: It seems that Arf6 is an important mediator of stress-induced plasticity in the nervous system in response to ET and neurodegeneration disease, but the exact physiological functions of Arf6 are not clear. Hence, further studies are required to identify these issues.
TL;DR: In this article, a cancer-related fatigue questionnaire was used as a tool with validity and reliability at all research levels, and the reliability was determined using the Cronbach's alpha and test-retest method.
Abstract: Background: Patients with cancer experience various physical and psychological complications during treatment. Fatigue is a common and often disabling medical symptom in patients with cancer. Objectives: It is necessary to have a reliable and valid tool to examine cancer-related fatigue in adults with cancer. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 150 patients with cancer that had referred to Shahid Sadoughi Hospital (Yazd/Iran). Data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire that was designed for fatigue assessment. The reliability was determined using the Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest method. Factor analysis was used in SPSS/21 software to verify construct validity. Results: Face validity and content validity was confirmed through an expert panel. According to experts’ suggestions, unnecessary items were removed and required changes were made in the questionnaire. According to the results of factor analysis, this questionnaire has three categories including: Daily activities and general problems (ten questions), sleep problems (nine questions), and mental states and emotions (five questions). Cronbach’s alpha was more than 0.8 for all dimensions and was 0.93 for the entire scale. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was in the range of 0.84 to 0.92; also, ICC was 0.92 for the total questionnaire and was close to one for all dimensions of the questionnaire. In addition, the total mean fatigue was 53.44 ± 16.61, considering the total score of 100. There was a significant difference between total mean fatigue and gender, job, economic status, and type of cancer. Conclusions: This study shows that cancer-related fatigue questionnaire can be used as a tool with validity and reliability at all research levels.
TL;DR: It is recommended that managers and authorities, especially for female and contracted nursing staff, place women in wards that are fitted with their mental capacity and refrain from placing them in wards with high levels of stress.
Abstract: Background: Occupational burnout is a response to chronic stressors in work, and among nurses it can reduce the efficiency and quality of nursing care and increase hospital costs. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the relationship between gender and employment status with occupational burnout in the nursing staff of armed forces of Zahedan. Methods: In this descriptive correlation survey, 145 nursing staff were selected based on the Morgan’s table and through random sampling from the nursing staff of the armed forces in hospitals of Nabi Akram and the Prophet of Azam in Zahedan, with 230 individuals in the community. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect demographic information. Another questionnaire for measuring job burnout was the Maslach and Jackson (1981) burnout inventory. In order to measure the reliability, 30 questionnaires were distributed to the respondents. After collecting the questionnaire and entering data, SPSS software, we calculate the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, which was 0.80. Data were analyzed using chi-square (χ2) with the significance level of 5% through SPSS software version 25. Results: Data analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between gender and burnout (P value = 0.01). In this regard, burnout was higher in women. The relationship between the type of employment and job burnout was significant (P value = 0.01), and burnout was higher in the contractual frame. Conclusions: Nurses are in the first line of health care provision. With regard to the results obtained, it is recommended that managers and authorities, especially for female and contracted nursing staff, place women in wards that are fitted with their mental capacity and refrain from placing them in wards with high levels of stress. On the other hand, by communicating with those who have a contractual employment status, they will be aware of their concerns and, by using other sources of support, could reduce the stress caused by uncertainty in the contractual situation.
TL;DR: In this article, a case study analyzing a 43-year old man suffering from MS was conducted, where rehabilitation interventions consisted of improvement of respiratory support and strengthening the oral musculoskeletal function.
Abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune debilitating disease affecting the central nervous system. Dysphagia can be seen in 58% of patients with MS. The present research investigates dysphagia rehabilitation strategies in a case study analyzing a 43-year old man suffering from MS. This individual was evaluated using a clinical bedside swallowing assessment (CBSA) test enduring multiple problems at swallowing phases. Rehabilitation interventions consisted of improvement of respiratory support and strengthening the oral musculoskeletal function. Therefore, rehabilitation services may provide an effective approach to improve dysphagia.
TL;DR: Three months of Pilates training with and without turmeric supplementation seemed effective in increasing SIRT1 and improving body composition in middle-aged females, however, the results did not support the hypothesis that turmeric intake alone has potential exercise like effects on healthy middle-aging females.
Abstract: Background: Beneficial effects of life style modification (exercise training and nutritional interventions) on improving the quality of life and health status, and preventing age-related pathologies is proven in epidemiologic studies. Objectives: The current randomized, double-blind, clinical trial aimed at evaluating the effects of a 12-week turmeric intake and Pilates training on serum level of SIRT 1, weight, and body fat percentage in postmenopausal females. Methods: The current clinical trial with a four-group design was conducted on 44 sedentary overweight females with the mean age of 50.3 ± 3.8 years randomly assigned to one of the groups receiving 1.5 mg/kg turmeric powder or placebo daily with or without Pilates training for 12 weeks. Serum SIRT1 level, body weight, and body fat percentage changes were analyzed before and 24 hours after the intervention. Pairwise t-test and one-way ANOVA were used for data analysis (P < 0.05). Results: According to the results, a 12-week Pilates and Pilates-turmeric intervention reduced weight and body fat percentage by ~8% and 6% respectively, and increased serum SIRT1 content by ~2.9 fold (P < 0.01) in the training groups compared with the control group. There were significant differences between the training groups in comparison with the control or turmeric groups in all dependent variables. There was no significant difference between the Pilates and Pilates-turmeric groups. Moreover, no significant difference was observed in dependent variables in the turmeric supplementation group compared with baseline measures or the control group (P ≥ 0.05). Conclusions: Three months of Pilates training with and without turmeric supplementation seemed effective in increasing SIRT1 and improving body composition in middle-aged females. However, the results did not support the hypothesis that turmeric intake alone has potential exercise like effects on healthy middle-aged females.
TL;DR: In this article, the quercetin was evaluated for structural changes of the placenta in diabetic rats, and the results suggest that quercETin has a protective effect on cell proliferation and preservation of placental morphology in pregnant diabetic rats.
Abstract: Background: Maternal diabetes is a metabolic disorder among pregnant mothers that increases the risk of developing growth disorders in the fetus and the placenta. Placental deformity and dysfunction were reported in some studies. These changes have been related to oxidative stress. Quercetin is a component of the flavonoids group that can be found in vegetables, fruits, tea, and herbal supplements and has anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, and anti-diabetic properties. Objectives: In this experimental study, prophylactic effect of quercetin was evaluated for structural changes of the placenta in diabetic rats. Methods: Twenty-four pregnant Wistar rats were divided equally into four groups, including control, quercetin, diabetic, and quercetin-treated diabetic groups. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin injection (50 mg/kg/IV), then male rats for mating were put together with female rats. Quercetin was administered (75 mg/kg/gavage), on 0, 7, 14, and 20 days of gestation. On 20th gestation day, the rats from all groups were anesthetized and laparotomized, then the placenta tissue was harvested. In the following, tissue section was stained by H&E and were analyzed histologically. Results: The weight, thickness and diameter of placenta in the diabetic group were increased but there was no significant difference compared to the quercetin treatment. The mean of the labyrinth zone, the number of trophoblastic giant cells and glycogen cells increased in the diabetic group and quercetin significantly reduced these parameters in diabetic rats (P < 0.05). In addition, the mean of junctional zone decreased in the diabetic group, while quercetin increased it (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The results suggest that quercetin has a protective effect on cell proliferation and preservation of placental morphology in pregnant diabetic rats.
TL;DR: A 29-year-old pregnant female G3P2 with 31 w, 2 d of gestational age, who was referring to maternity ward with upper quadrant pain, nausea, and vomiting showed acute pancreatitis due to hyperlipidemia as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Introduction: Acute pancreatitis is an acute inflammatory disease of the pancreas characterized clinically by upper quadrant pain and elevated levels of enzymes in the blood. Although The pathogenesis of pancreatitis is not fully understood, gallstone and chronic alcohol abuse is considered for two-thirds or more cases in the united stated. Case Presentation: In this case report, the researchers present a 29-year-old pregnant female G3P2 with 31 w, 2 d of gestational age, who was referring to maternity ward with upper quadrant pain, nausea, and vomiting. Her ultrasound, examination, and blood analysis showed acute pancreatitis due to hyperlipidemia. The patient underwent six plasmapheresis and medical treatment and was discharged with complete cure at 34 weeks of gestational age. Conclusions: Accurate assessment of the incidence and mortality of acute pancreatitis is difficult as mild pancreatitis may be subclinical and deaths may occur before the diagnosis of sever and fulminant attacks. Mortality rate is three percent in patients with interstitial pancreatitis and 17% in patients with pancreatic necrosis.
TL;DR: Treatment with punicalagin nanofibers containing pomegranate peel component may lead to help anti-inflammatory effects due to the increase in anti-oxidant activity in the tissue.
Abstract: Background: Wound herbal therapy is common in traditional medicine and many studies have illustrated pomegranate’s wound healing properties, yet its pure constituents were not studied extensively. Objectives: Since the use of electrospinning as a wound dressing is on the rise, this study aimed at evaluating the effect of punicalagin nanofibrous wound dressing on anti-oxidant capacity index through wound healing in rats. Methods: Punicalagin with nanofibers of polyvinyl alcohol was produced by electrospinning and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and proved its integrity. A 900 mm2 (3 cm × 3 cm) full-thickness rectangular wound in dorsal inter-scapular skin was incised through aseptic operations in two groups of 10 rats each. In the first group, rats were treated with nanofiber punicalagin dressing for seven consecutive days, and in the second group, rats received nanofiber dressing without punicalagin, as the control. Then, half of them were euthanized on day seven and the rest at day 20 to collect topical cutaneous samples for measuring total antioxidant capacity (TAC) index by using commercial kits. The data were analyzed with SPSS statistics software by comparing total antioxidant capacity between these two groups. Results: Samples from treated rats showed significant increases in tissue extract total antioxidant capacity in the inflammatory stage of wound healing on day seven compared to the control group. Conclusions: The results suggest that treatment with punicalagin nanofibers may lead to help anti-inflammatory effects due to the increase in anti-oxidant activity in the tissue. Based on this augmentation, the formulated nanofibers containing pomegranate peel component might be useful as skin repair dressing without hazard to human or animal health.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of 17 α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17-OHPC) on preterm labor prevention in pregnant women with a history of preterm delivery was investigated.
Abstract: Background: The risk of preterm labor is significantly higher in women with a history of preterm delivery. Objectives: The current study aimed at investigating the effect of 17 α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17-OHPC) on preterm labor prevention in pregnant women with a history of preterm labor. Methods: In the current randomized control trial, 100 pregnant women with a history of preterm labor were divided in two groups. The 17-OHPC 250 mg was prescribed to the case group from the week 20 of gestation weekly. Sampling was done randomly. The gestational age at birth was measured up and compared with that of previous labor. Data were analyzed using t-test. Results: In the current study, the mean gestational age of previous and present labor were respectively 28.5 ± 5.9 and 33.6 ± 5.2 weeks in the case group (P = 0.001). In the control group, the mean gestational age of previous and present labor were 33.3 ± 2.7 and 35.3 ± 2.3 weeks, respectively (P = 0.001). The difference between the previous and present gestational age in the case and control groups were 5.1 ± 4.0 and 3.3 ± 1.4 weeks, respectively (P = 0.228). The birth weight in the case and control groups were 2.4 ± 0.1 and 2.7 ± 0.7 kg, respectively (P = 0.256). The 1-minute Apgar score in the case and control groups were 7.3 ± 2.3 and 7.8 ± 1.7, respectively (P = 0.494). Also, the 5-minute Apgar score in the case and control groups were 8.6 ± 2.2 and 9.1 ± 1.4, respectively (P = 0.393). In the current study, the number of infants requiring admission to the neonatal intensive care unit in the case and control groups were 16 (32%) and 14 (28%) respectively, although the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.711). Conclusions: The results of the study indicated that although gestational age at birth was higher in the case group than in the control group, the difference was not statistically significant.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared the physiological and motor performance parameters of female athlete and non-athlete students in a Ghana University, and found that female athletes significantly had better VO2max (P = 0.004), the power of arms and shoulders, and speed.
Abstract: Background: Obesity is a common health concern, especially in females. Although prominent effects of the participation in sports on females’ physiological and motor outcomes have been widely investigated, comparative evidence among female athlete and non-athlete students in a Ghana University is needed. Objectives: This pilot study compared the physiological and motor performance parameters of female athlete and non-athlete students in a Ghana University. Methods: Thirty-one female students aged 17 to 26 years (21.18 ± 1.79) assigned to the two groups (athletes and non-athletes) participated in this cross-sectional study. The athletes participated in university sports for three years, while non-athletes were monitored for the same period. The evaluated parameters consisted of blood pressure, heart rate, body mass index (BMI), %body fat, muscle mass, visceral fat, VO2max, muscle endurance, arms’ and shoulders’ power, the power of legs, agility, and speed. Results: Athletes significantly had better VO2max (P = 0.004), the power of arms and shoulders (P = 0.005) and speed (P = 0.014) compared with non-athletes. Differences in heart rate, blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), BMI, %body fat, muscle mass, visceral fat, the power of legs, and agility were not significant (P > 0.05). Conclusions: There was no significant difference between female athletes and non-athletes in physiological and motor performance attributes. It suggests that the participation of these female students in sports did not affect healthy physiological and motor performance outcomes. Training of university female athletes should emphasize health outcomes, while motor performance attributes are prioritized.
TL;DR: In this article, a cross-sectional study included children with asthma, aged five to 15 years, who frequently referred to the allergy outpatient clinics affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences during year 2016.
Abstract: Background: Most children with asthma start to have symptoms in early life; socio-demographic and environmental factors can play an important role in the development and clinical expression of asthma. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine risk factors in children with asthma from southwestern Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study included children with asthma, aged five to 15 years, who frequently referred to the allergy outpatient clinics affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences during year 2016. Information about the participants’ demographic characteristics and social and environmental factors was collected using a questionnaire during year 2016. Results: A total of 737 children (494 males and 243 females) with asthma with mean age of 8.1 ± 2.7 years were recruited. Various factors, including male gender, low birth weight, being the first child, low number of siblings, no vaccination against influenza, adenoidectomy, and young age of mother were found to be associated with an increased risk of asthma during childhood. About 50% of children ate little fish and drank too much cola in a week. Conclusions: The current study showed that influenza vaccination and consumption of fish should be encouraged; also, the rate of adenoidectomy was high in asthmatic patients. The results of this study can help plan strategies for preventing asthma.
TL;DR: In this article, a study was conducted on patients with tuberculosis (TB), based on regional needs and the outbreaks of the contagious disease, particularly those diagnosed with the smear-positive during 2014 - 2016.
Abstract: Background: This study was conducted on patients with tuberculosis (TB), based on regional needs and the outbreaks of the contagious disease, particularly those diagnosed with the smear-positive during 2014 - 2016. The regions neighboring this province, low health information, poorly equipped hospitals/medical clinics, high rate of welfare, the illegal entrance of foreigners to the province are necessities that have to be mentioned. Objectives: Spreading awareness of the disease in the province and the examination of possible ways to control and prevent its spreading are the purposes of this study. Methods: First, the information concerning the files of 250 patients with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis was collected in Zahedan’s Tuberculosis Coordinator and the diagnostic criterion for the studied participants was a microscopic observation of the sputum. All patients had a chest X-ray and were examined every two months by an infectious disease specialist who diagnosed them with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis. As the observations were incomplete, we could not apply the regular methods and SPSS software to estimate the survival probability (function); instead, we used Generalized Turnbull’s Estimator (GTE) and R software to calculate the non-parametric conditional probability of the patient’s survival and recovery times. For Instance, for the ith person, Li and Ri have been considered based on the last positive result and the first negative result of the disease, respectively. Results: Among 250 studied patients, four patients are right censored and the rest of them are interval censored. The patients’ age ranged from 10 to 91 years, the average age of diagnosis in infected males is 58.54 with a standard deviation (SD) of 19.10 years and females was 55.40 with an SD of 18.09 years. During this period there were no major differences between males and females. Moreover, 49.2% of the patients infected via sexual transmission were males and 50.8% of the patients were females. Conclusions: In this study, the patients’ weight was considered an effective variable in the evaluation of the survival function (the possibility of conditional survival) and we considered the effect of factors such as sex, the previous diagnosis of diabetes/AIDS, the previous history of being in contact with people with TB disease, and a history of imprisonment on the survival probability. As we can see, all the auxiliary variables mentioned above, are significantly effective in the course of the patient’s treatment and recovery (survival) time.
TL;DR: In this paper, a study was conducted to predict infertility stress based on health locus of control (internal, powerful others, and chance) among a group of women with fertility problem in Shiraz.
Abstract: Background: Women with infertility problem experiences high emotional pressure such as stress, anxiety, and depression. The health locus of control seems to have an important impact on health-related problems. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to predict infertility stress based on health locus of control (internal, powerful others, and chance) among a group of women with fertility problem in Shiraz. Methods: One hundred and twenty women with fertile problems were recruited from infertility clinics in Shiraz using purposeful sampling. Participants completed the research measures, including Fertility Problem Inventory and Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale. Results: Regression analysis indicated that the component of chance locus of control (P < 0.01) and illness duration (P < 0.01) significantly predicted infertility stress in women with fertility problem. The participants who attributed their infertility to chance or fate experienced less fertility stress. Furthermore, those who had a longer duration of fertility problem were more likely to experience infertility stress. The two other components of locus of control, including internal health locus of control and powerful others health locus of control, did not predict infertility stress. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of perceiving control on the psychological well-being of women with infertility problem.
TL;DR: It was showed that acceptance and mindfulness did not contribute to the prediction of academic procrastination over and beyond trait anxiety, which can lead to lack of persistence to avoid the tasks.
Abstract: Procrastination is considered as an avoidance by which students get rid of negative experiences such as anxiety, however, underlying mechanisms in this relationship are not fully known. While mindfulness and acceptance are correlated with procrastination and anxiety, to date, the role of mindfulness and acceptance in procrastination have not been fully studied. This study aims at investigating whether mindfulness and acceptance can increase the prediction of academic procrastination over and beyond trait anxiety. The statistical community was Shahed University. A total of 111 students were selected through cluster sampling method. They were assessed on different variables, including mindfulness (KIMS), acceptance (AAQ-II), anxiety (TAI), and procrastination (PASS). Data were analyzed in SPSS-23 using hierarchical regression. Results showed that there is a significant correlation between anxiety and procrastination. Furthermore, this study showed that acceptance and mindfulness did not contribute to the prediction of academic procrastination over and beyond trait anxiety. Non-acceptance of private experiences is one route to anxiety, which can lead to lack of persistence to avoid the tasks. Cultural differences may explain the findings.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of vincristine on normal resting and normal proliferating lymphocytes comparing with cancerous cells was investigated, and the results indicated that vincace activity was highly dependent on the activation status of normal cells, and affirms that responding immune cells should be more seriously noticed when side effects of anticancer drugs are estimated.
Abstract: Background: Most anti-cancer drugs target mitosis and induce apoptosis in cancerous cells. In the immune system, proliferation and apoptosis of lymphocytes are indeed essential modulating elements. Objectives: In this study, we have investigated the effect of vincristine on normal resting and normal proliferating lymphocytes comparing with cancerous cells. Methods: Resting and proliferating splenocytes from mice and BCL1 (mouse lymphoma cell line) were cultured with different concentrations of vincristine for 48 hours, and cell lysates were prepared. The activity of caspases 3, 8, and 9 in cell lysates was measured using specific chromogenic substrates DEVD-pNA for caspase 3, IETD-pNA for caspase 8, and LEHD-pNA for caspase 9, the activity calculated as µmol/min/mg protein. Results: In the BCL1 cell line, the activity of both caspases 8 and 9 and caspase 3 increased at the presence of vincristine (5 µg/mL). In resting splenocytes, however, only a mild increase in caspase 9 activity was observed without any change in the activity of caspases 8 or 3. In the same situation, the activity of caspase 3 and 9 (but not caspase 8) elevated in proliferating cells exposed to vincristine. Nearly similar results were obtained with higher concentrations of vincristine (up 20 µg/mL). Conclusions: The results suggesting that vincristine may induce internal pathways of apoptosis in normal and cancerous cells while extrinsic pathway was induced in cancerous cells. On the other hand, the effects are highly dependent on the activation status of normal cells, and affirms that responding immune cells should be more seriously noticed when side effects of anticancer drugs are estimated.
TL;DR: Investigation of the viability and migration of blastema stem cells cultured on the micronanofiber chitosan/gelatin scaffold (CGS) found that CGS could provide a suitable viable environment for inducing changes in cell behavior and morphology.
Abstract: Background: Stem cell-based tissue engineering approaches have opened a new perspective in clinical practice. Site-specific migration of stem cells is one of the main challenges in stem cell therapy. Researchers have focused on the development of scaffolds mimicking the extracellular matrix of animal tissues for guided implantation of stem cells. Enhanced cellular viability using scaffolds is a continuous quest in stem cell-based tissue engineering. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the viability and migration of blastema stem cells (BSCs) cultured on the micro-nanofiber chitosan/gelatin scaffold (CGS). Methods: A force-spinning device was used to prepare the CGS. This scaffold was then inserted into the blastema loop of rabbit’s pinna under anesthesia. The loop and scaffold were removed on the 6th, 9th, and 15th days post-scaffold implantation, followed by fixing and preparing for histological examination. Thin and semi-thin sections were taken off and the morphology of blastema stem cells on scaffolds was examined using light and electron microscopy. Results: The results of the histological examination showed that the adhesion, migration, division, and survival of BSCs on CGS were progressively increased. Conclusions: According to the obtained results, CGS could provide a suitable viable environment for inducing changes in cell behavior and morphology. Comprehensive molecular characterization and genomics analysis would help identify the exact mechanisms and pathways involved in cell viability and interaction with the scaffold.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors showed that chronic treadmill running increases TMOD2 and ARF6 gene and protein expression in the cerebellum and these changes probably lead to the improvement of brain function.
Abstract: Background: It has been well documented that exercise training (ET) induces beneficial effects on the central nervous system (CNS); however, the underlying mechanisms are less known. We presumed that actin cytoskeleton regulatory proteins such as ADP-ribosylation factors 6 (ARF6) and tropomodulin 2 (TMOD2) may be important elements of Exercise-Induced Neuroplasticity (EIN). We evaluated this hypothesis in the present study. Methods: We randomly divided 12 male Wistar rats into control (C) and training (T) groups. The T group was exposed to six weeks of moderate-intensity treadmill running. The ARF6 and TMOD2 gene and protein expressions in the cerebellum of male Wistar rats were assessed by the real-time PCR and western blot analysis. Results: The results showed that TMOD2 and ARF6 gene and protein expressions were significantly higher in the T group than in the C group. Conclusions: It seems that chronic treadmill running increases TMOD2 and ARF6 gene and protein expressions in the cerebellum and these changes probably lead to the improvement of brain function.
TL;DR: In this article, a parametric study aimed at the assessment of the hip abductor muscle activity in two different modes of exercise, two muscular strength conditions (normal and weak) and three weight loads (0, 2.5, and 5 kg).
Abstract: Background: Hip abduction is considered an effective exercise to strengthen the gluteus medius muscle due to its performance simplicity and proper muscle involvement. Objectives: The present parametric study aimed at the assessment of the hip abductor muscle activity in two different modes of exercise, two muscular strength conditions (normal and weak) and three weight loads (0, 2.5, and 5 kg). Methods: A comprehensive musculoskeletal model (AnyBody, version 5.3.1) was used to calculate the activities of the gluteus medius muscle based on the optimized inverse dynamics approach. The model performed side-lying and upright standing hip abduction exercise in an iso-kinetic mode. Results: The side-lying exercise required 40% activation of the muscle in the no-weight normal case while the standing exercise needed lower than 20% in the same condition. The addition of extra weights to the abducting leg caused a considerable increase in the muscle recruitment and the muscle weakness induced greater endeavor of the gluteus medius. Conclusions: The rehabilitation of the weak hip abductor muscles may start with standing no-weight cases and continue by adding extra weights. The side-lying exercise may extremely involve the muscle, specifically in weaker individuals.