Showing papers in "Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences in 2020"
TL;DR: Investigating the effects of curcumin supplementation during nine weeks of endurance training on gastric antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation of serum in male Wistar rats revealed that strenuous endurance training significantly reduced the activity of the gastric SOD enzyme and increased serum MDA level, while cur cumin supplementation resulted in the restoration of antioxidant defenses.
Abstract: Background: Strenuous endurance training compromises the antioxidant defenses of the body and attempts to find supplements to heal gastric ulcers induced by strenuous endurance training are increasing. Objectives: Therefore, the current study aimed at investigating the effects of curcumin supplementation during nine weeks of endurance training on gastric antioxidant capacity (superoxide dismutase; SOD) and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde; MDA) of serum in male Wistar rats. Methods: The current applied research was conducted on 26 male Wistar rats aged nine weeks and weighed 215.87 ± 20.49 g. After one week of acclimation to training, the rats were randomly assigned to four groups: the control, curcumin, endurance, and endurance + curcumin. During the nine weeks (five sessions per week), the rats performed an incremental endurance training (up to 70 minutes at 35 m/minute), and the curcumin supplement at 30 mg/kg of body weight was injected intraperitoneally three times per week. SOD activity was assayed by the spectrophotometric method, and serum MDA level was measured utilizing the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. For data analysis, ANOVA was employed using SPSS version 24. Results: The results of the study revealed that strenuous endurance training significantly reduced the activity of the gastric SOD enzyme (P < 0.05) and increased serum MDA level (P < 0.05), while curcumin supplementation increased gastric SOD enzyme activity, decreased serum MDA level, and resulted in the restoration of antioxidant defenses. Conclusions: Prolonged strenuous endurance training induces oxidative stress to gastric tissue, and curcumin supplementation restores the antioxidant defense of the gastric tissue and body.
4 citations
TL;DR: The results showed a significant difference (P = 0.021) between the control and treatment groups in generalized anxiety disorder and solution-focused therapy could significantly reduce generalized anxiety in the treatment group when compared to the control group.
Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of solution-focused group therapy in generalized anxiety disorder in patients with multiple sclerosis. In this semi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and unequal control group, 40 patients with multiple sclerosis were selected randomly from the MS Society of Mashhad. They were selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned into two treatment and control groups. Then, six training sessions were held for the treatment group based on the short-term solution-focused treatment protocol for generalized anxiety disorder. This intervention was not implemented for the control group. Participants answered a seven-item generalized anxiety inventory. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and analysis of covariance were used to analyze the data. The results showed a significant difference (P = 0.021) between the control and treatment groups in generalized anxiety disorder. In other words, solution-focused therapy could significantly reduce generalized anxiety in the treatment group when compared to the control group.
3 citations
TL;DR: It can be inferred that those soccer players who are uncomfortable and suffer from anxiety and aggression-related problems may benefit from metacognitive therapy-based group intervention and group acceptance-based behavioral therapy.
Abstract: The present study aimed to compare the effect of metacognitive therapy-based group intervention and group acceptance-based behavioral therapy on psychophysiological signs of professional soccer players in the U-19 league in Tehran. Participants were professional soccer players occupied in professional soccer leagues in Tehran. The participants were entered into the assessment stage, and after obtaining informed consent, they were randomly assigned to one of the three experiment groups, namely MCT, MAC, and WL. The participants’ psychophysiological signs included EEG, EMG, HR, GSR, temperature, and RR, which were recorded using the ewave 8-channel neuro-biofeedback device. The data were analyzed using the eProbe7.8.3 software of Rubymind.us. The results demonstrated that MCT and MAC could make some changes in psychophysiological signs of anxious soccer players. MCT was shown to affect Fz Highbeta-Gama and RR, which had a correlation with anxiety. In addition, MAC was observed to affect the asymmetry of F3 alpha and F4 alpha as a remarkable EEG pattern of aggression. However, MCT and MAC did not show any effect on HR, EMG, temperature, and GSR. According to these findings, it can be inferred that those soccer players who are uncomfortable and suffer from anxiety and aggression-related problems may benefit from such interventions.
2 citations
TL;DR: This in vitro study showed the potent antibacterial effects of R. acetosella and C. maxima were even more potent than commonly used antibiotics.
Abstract: Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is considered a dangerous and drug-resistant hospital-acquired infection. Nowadays, there has been an increasing interest in the use of herbal drugs. Objectives: This in vitro study was conducted to determine the antimicrobial effects of Rumex acetosella L. and Cucurbita maxima L. on Acinetobacter baumannii in comparison with popular antibiotics. Methods: In this experimental study, after extraction, the antibacterial effects of extracts were determined based on MIC and MBC using broth microdilution. The effects of different concentrations of the extracts on A. baumannii growth were also investigated by the disk diffusion method. The results were compared with choice antibiotics. Results: The results of the study indicated that in broth microdilution, the MIC and MBC of the hydroalcoholic extract of C. maxima and the aqueous extract of R. acetosella were equal (64 and 128 µg/mL, respectively). The MIC and MBC of the hydroalcoholic extract of R. acetosella and the aqueous extract of C. maxima were 128 and 256 µg/mL, respectively, which indicated the weaker effects of these extracts. In the disk diffusion method, the greatest mean diameter of inhibition zone was obtained for R. acetosella extracts (24.83 ± 0.29 and 21.83 ± 0.29 mm for hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts, respectively). Also, the lowest mean diameter was obtained for C. maxima extracts (10.33 ± 0.58 and 8 mm for hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts, respectively). Conclusions: This study showed the potent antibacterial effects of R. acetosella and C. maxima. They were even more potent than commonly used antibiotics. Therefore, the plants can be used as antimicrobial agents, as well as pharmaceutical supplements and alternative therapies.
2 citations
TL;DR: It appears that RJ has a significant effect on the increase of NGF gene expression in the hippocampus tissue of rats with AD, whereas RJ consumption simultaneously with swimming training has no significantEffect on BDNF and NGF.
Abstract: Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder. Evidence from neuropathological studies indicates that the levels of neurotrophins brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) are compromised in AD. Objectives: The present study aimed to review the effects of swimming training and royal jelly (RJ) on BDNF and NGF gene expression in the hippocampus tissue of rats with AD. Methods: In the present experimental study, 25 rats with AD were divided into five groups, including (1) control, (2) sham, (3) RJ, (4) training, and (5) training with RJ. Five healthy rats were selected as the healthy control group to examine the effect of AD induction by 8 mg/kg trimethyltin chloride (TMT) intra-peritoneally on BDNF and NGF. During eight weeks, groups 3 and 5 received 100 mg/kg RJ daily intra-peritoneally, and groups 4 and 5 swam in a rat swimming tank three sessions per week. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test was used for data analysis in SPSS 20 software (P < 0.05). Results: The induction of AD by TMT had a significant effect on the reduction of BDNF (P = 0.001) and NGF (P = 0.001). However, RJ had a significant effect on the increase of NGF (P = 0.03). Nevertheless, RJ (P = 0.99), training (P = 0.99), and training with RJ (P = 0.94) had no significant effect on BDNF and training (P = 0.99) and training with RJ (P = 0.97) had no significant effect on NGF. Conclusions: It appears that RJ has a significant effect on the increase of NGF gene expression in the hippocampus tissue of rats with AD. Nevertheless, RJ consumption simultaneously with swimming training has no significant effect on BDNF and NGF.
2 citations
TL;DR: Alcoholic extracts had more phenolic and antioxidant compounds than aqueous extracts, and ultrasound power was more effective than the extraction time.
Abstract: Background: Herbals are rich in effective compounds such as phenolic and antioxidant. Various methods are developed to extract these compounds, including Soxhlet, maceration, microwave, and ultrasound. The extraction method affects the quantity and quality of materials. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the effect of ultrasound in phenolic and antioxidants compounds extraction from Caper roots. Methods: Response surface methodology (RSM) and Box-Behnken design were used to optimize the two extraction parameters, including extraction time (10, 25, and 40 min) and ultrasound power (40%, 70%, 100 %) by aqueous and alcoholic solvents. Results: Based on the results, ultrasound power was more effective than the extraction time. A direct association was observed between ultrasound power and the extraction time with the total extraction. The optimum aqueous and alcoholic extraction condition for phenolic and antioxidant compounds extraction were as follow: extraction time 36 min and ultrasound power 91 percent. Total phenolic content was obtained 14.96 mg/g with aqueous solvent and 17.24 mg/g with alcoholic solvent, and IC50 was 52.17 µg/mg with aqueous solvent and 40.20 µg/mg with alcoholic solvent. Conclusions: Overall, alcoholic extracts had more phenolic and antioxidant compounds than aqueous extracts.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a method to solve the problem of the problem: the one-dimensional graph.
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1 citations
TL;DR: The aqueous extract of red beet leaves did not show any antimicrobial activity against the studied species, whereas the methanolic extract inhibited the growth of four strains of the bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteritidis and B. cereus.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial properties of aqueous and methanolic extracts, as well as essential oils of red beet leaves. The leaves were purchased from local farms in Isfahan province, Iran. After drying the leaves, their extracts were obtained by water and methanol as solvent, and also essential oils of the leaves were extracted through the hydro-distillation method. Antibacterial activity of the extracts and essential oils was determined against five foodborne bacteria by disc-diffusion assay and minimum inhibitory concentration method. Moreover, the antifungal activity of the samples was examined by the contact phase method against five fungi species. The aqueous extract of red beet leaves did not show any antimicrobial activity against the studied species, whereas the methanolic extract inhibited the growth of four strains of the bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteritidis. Essential oil had an inhibitory effect against B. cereus, S. enteritidis, and S. aureus. Furthermore, the aqueous and methanolic extracts and essential oils had a variable degree of antifungal activity against all tested fungi. However, the methanolic extract and essential oils had a stronger antifungal effect than the aqueous extract.
1 citations
TL;DR: The radiographers’ awareness of technical and protective principles was at a medium level, and increasing attention to the quality of academic training and continuous education is necessary.
Abstract: Background: Maintaining patients’ safety is a basic professional role of radiographers. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the technical, protective, and technological operation of interventional radiologists. Objectives: The current study aimed to determine the protective and technical performance of radiographers and their knowledge and expertise. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 60 radiographers working in radiology wards of hospitals affiliated to the Zahedan University are included. A checklist whose reliability and validity were previously established was used to collect data. For the radiography staff, 17 technical and 12 protective items were checked and recorded during three work shifts. Data were analyzed by SPSS. Results: The performance score of 27 males (45%) and 33 females (65%) was assessed. Seven factors of radiology staff, including gender, employment status, age, work experience, number of shifts, Work Shift, and Education, were evaluated, and that number of shifts was statistically significant. Conclusions: The radiographers’ awareness of technical and protective principles was at a medium level. Increasing attention to the quality of academic training and continuous education is necessary.
1 citations
TL;DR: Aerobic training is recommended as a weight control intervention for obese children and can provide a non-medical strategy in the treatment of NAFLD and hypothyroidism.
Abstract: Background: Fatty liver is one of the chronic liver disorders associated with lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Hypothyroidism deficiency has been identified as a factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver development due to its important role in fat metabolism. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the effects of aerobic exercise on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hypothyroidism, and anthropometric indices. Methods: Twenty-four obese children were randomly divided into two groups of control (n = 12) and experiment (n = 12). Aerobic exercise was done for 12 weeks. Before and after the training period, we measured the levels of liver enzymes (ALP, AST, and ALT), thyroid hormones (T3, T4, and TSH), and several key anthropometric indices. Liver ultrasonography was done, as well. Results: Aerobic training for 12 weeks significantly reduced the levels of thyroid hormones TSH (P = 0.023) and T4 (P = 0.002), liver enzymes ALT (P = 0.002), AST (P = 0.003), and ALP (P = 0.047), and anthropometric indices BMI (P = 0.001) and WC (P = 0.043) and increased the level of T3 (P = 0.011) in the experimental group. Conclusions: Aerobic training is recommended as a weight control intervention for obese children. It can provide a non-medical strategy in the treatment of NAFLD and hypothyroidism.
1 citations
TL;DR: As an assessment of VO2max, CRF is associated with hemodynamics and health risk factors as well as age, sex, ethnicity, lifestyle, and culture of people in different geographical regions can affect health risk Factors.
Abstract: Background: Cardiorespiratory Fitness (CRF) and its associated modifiable and non-modifiable health risk factors are very important in clinical studies. Objectives: This study aimed to compare health risk factors affecting CRF between Iranian and Italian male and female exercise science students. The correlation between VO2max and these factors was also evaluated. Methods: The sample consisted of 87 sport science students from the University of Milan (25 males and 17 females) and the University of Mazandaran (20 males and 25 females) aged 23.69 ± 1.95 years. The level of Physical Activity (PA) and body composition indices were obtained as health risk factors. Then, CRF was assessed by the Bruce test. Rate Pressure Product (RPP), blood pressure, and Heart Rate (HR) were measured before, in the end, and six minutes after the end of the test. Results: Statistical analyses revealed significant differences in RPP, Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) during exercise, resting SBP, and Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR) between Iranian and Italian males and significant differences in Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR) and body fat percentage between Iranian and Italian females (P < 0.05). The relationships between VO2max and resting RPP, resting HR, heart rate recovery, step counts, and vigorous PA were significant in all groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: As an assessment of VO2max, CRF is associated with hemodynamics and health risk factors. Age, sex, ethnicity, lifestyle, and culture of people in different geographical regions can affect health risk factors.
TL;DR: Negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies could explain internet addiction symptoms directly and can be used for diagnosis and therapy of internet addiction disorder.
Abstract: Background: Internet addiction is one of the most paramount problems of societies. Therefore, the knowledge of its influencing factors is of special importance. Methods: The present study was correlational in terms of goals and descriptive in terms of the data gathering procedure. The statistical population consisted of 2,000 male students and included all fourth-grade students of state high schools of Tabriz City in 2017. The sample included 246 students, selected through random cluster sampling. For the collection of data, the Cognitive Emotion Regulation questionnaire (CERQ), Young’s Diagnostic questionnaire (YDQ), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were used. Then, the collected data were analyzed by structural equation modeling. Results: Negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies could explain internet addiction symptoms. Self-blame, other-blame, rumination, catastrophizing, and anxiety could explain internet addiction symptoms directly. The indirect effect of self-blame and rumination on internet addiction mediated by anxiety was positive and significant; however, the indirect effect of other-blame and catastrophizing on internet addiction mediated by anxiety was not significant. Conclusions: The findings have practical implications for clinical psychologists and can be used for diagnosis and therapy of internet addiction disorder.
TL;DR: Conditioned medium of MSCs pulsed with theobromine can instruct anti-inflammatory neutrophils after co-culture with conditioned MSC Medium (CM), which protected the neutral red removal by neutrophil and potentiated CM potential to support neutrophilia from apoptosis.
Abstract: Background: Both adenosine signaling and phosphodiesterase inhibitor agents can alter the survivability and differentiation potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs). On the other hand, the crosstalk between MSCs and immunocytes like neutrophils is clear. Objectives: Here, we examined the consequence of inflammatory functions of neutrophils after co-culture with conditioned MSC Medium (CM) whose MSCs had previously been pulsed with theobromine. Methods: Mesenchymal stem cells were separated and characterized by the bone marrow of Wistar rats. These cells were primed with different concentrations of theobromine (0, 10, 50, and 100 μM) for 48 hours. Neutrophils were primed with CM for four hours and their performance was examined. Results: CM primed with theobromine at low to moderate concentrations protected the neutral red removal by neutrophils and potentiated CM potential to support neutrophils from apoptosis. CM from MSC primed with theobromine augmented the phagocytosis potential of co-cultured neutrophils. Conversely, CM isolated from MSCs pulsed with theobromine reduced the production of potentially noxious reactive oxygen species and myeloperoxidase activity more profoundly than did CM from un-pulsed MSCs. Conclusions: Conditioned medium of MSCs pulsed with theobromine can instruct anti-inflammatory neutrophils.
TL;DR: The findings of the present study revealed that DASS-21 subscales have a strong correlation with the constructs of fatigue and SF-36 components and suggest that therapeutic interventions for reducing psychological symptoms can lead to an improvement in different dimensions of health.
Abstract: Background: The assessment of psychological symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients could play a key role in identifying the adverse effects of the disease. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the concurrent and predictive validity of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) in patients with MS. Methods: In a cross‐sectional study in 2010, 162 patients were selected by a consecutive method. Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21), the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) Questionnaire were used in this study. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multivariate hierarchical regression analyses. Results: The findings of the present study revealed that DASS-21 subscales have a strong correlation with the constructs of fatigue and SF-36 components (r = 0.29 to -0.71; P < 0.01). In addition, each of the symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress independently predicted a significant proportion of the variance in the scores on fatigue and eight aspects of health (P ≤ 0.006) even after controlling the confounding factors. Conclusions: The present study has highlighted the concurrent and predictive validity of DASS-21 in MS. Thus, this study suggests that therapeutic interventions for reducing psychological symptoms can lead to an improvement in different dimensions of health.
TL;DR: Investigating the relationship between obesity and sexual function in women referred to health centers of Birjand in Iran showed a significant difference between the three groups in total score of sexual function, and obesity can affect female sexual function.
Abstract: Background: Obesity is a chronic disease and threatening factors of public health. Obese people have negative body image, and low self-confidence can lead to sexual dysfunction. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between obesity and sexual function in women referred to health centers of Birjand in Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 126 married women who were selected via a multi-stage sampling method from Birjand Health centers in 2014. The participants were categorized into three groups according to BMI (normal (BMI: 18.5 - 24.9), overweight (BMI: 25 - 29.9), and obese (BMI ≥ 30)). Then, demographic and female sexual function index (FSFI) questionnaires were completed in the groups by the self-administrative method. For data analysis, STATA version 14.1 software was used in this study. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics tests, and multiple linear regression models. The significance level was considered 0.05. Results: The study showed a significant difference between the three groups in total score of sexual function (P < 0.001). In addition, a statistically significant difference was observed in desire, arousal lubrication, orgasm, and sexual satisfaction scores between the groups (P < 0.001). The results of the regression model showed that the sexual function score of obese people was lower by 15.87 units than normal people. Moreover, the sexual function score of overweight people was 4.67 units lower than normal people. Also, the variables of age, salary, duration of marriage, and the age at first pregnancy are effective factors in female sexual function (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Obesity can affect female sexual function. Therefore, efforts to promote sexual function in obese women are considered as one of the most important topics in women’s health care. This requires more attention to identifying various aspects of sexual life and finding effective ways to promote and improve these persons’ sexual function.
TL;DR: Three methods of syntoc inon, misoprostol and transcervical catheter with syntocinon, which are low-risk and effective methods for cervical ripening, could be used to terminate pregnancy in primigravida women with low Bishop score before the initiation of labor induction.
Abstract: In this interventional study, 120 primigravid women with low bishop scores who visited the maternity room of Ali ibn Abitaleb Hospital in Zahedan (2014) were selected. Patients were randomly assigned to receive syntocinon, misoprostol, or transcervical catheter plus syntocinon. Variables including success rate and side effects were compared among the groups. The success rates in the syntocinon, syntocinon Group plus the trans-cervical catheter, and misoprostol groups were 72.5%, 77.5%, and 65%, respectively, showing no significant difference between the three groups (P = 0.711). The rates of drug adverse effects in the syncinosin, syncinosin plus trans-cervical catheter, and misoprostol groups were 7.5%,7.5%, and 2.5%, respectively. According to the obtained results, the three methods of syntocinon, misoprostol and transcervical catheter with syntocinon, which are low-risk and effective methods for cervical ripening, could be used to terminate pregnancy in primigravida women with low Bishop score before the initiation of labor induction.
TL;DR: The results showed that hemodialysis may improve pulmonary function tests in men and no significant relationship was found between PFT changes and BMI, weight change, or ultrafiltration volume.
Abstract: Background: Renal failure may directly or indirectly influence pulmonary ventilation. Since hemodialysis can decrease the extra liquids, improvement in pulmonary function by decreasing liquids in the lungs is expected. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effects of acute hemodialysis on spirometry parameters. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with end-stage renal disease who referred for hemodialysis to Ali Ibn Abitaleb Hospital of Zahedan City during 2016. Patient data including age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) were collected. Spirometry was performed one hour before and after hemodialysis, and spirometry parameters including vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% FVC (FEF 25% - 75%) were measured. Results: A total number of 50 patients (30 men) completed spirometry. In men, there were a significant increase in FEV1 (mean difference = 0.217; P = 0.003) and FVC (0.298; P = 0.027) and a significant decrease in FEV1/FVC (-4.153; P = 0.038) after hemodialysis. In women, there was no significant change in the means of spirometry parameters. In addition, no significant relationship was found between PFT changes and BMI, weight change, or ultrafiltration volume. Conclusions: Our results showed that hemodialysis may improve pulmonary function tests in men. Studies with larger cohorts of patients are needed to derive valid effect estimates of hemodialysis on spirometry parameters with considering the role of chronic kidney diseases, various underlying diseases, different hemodialysis methods, and other related confounders.
TL;DR: The ALA could improve the IVM rate and quality of PCOS oocytes by higher expression of TFAM gene and may also improve the efficiency of α-Linolenic acid on in vitro maturation (IVM).
Abstract: Background: One of the most common endocrine and metabolic disorders is Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which has been reported in about 10% of women during the reproductive age. Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the efficiency of α-Linolenic acid (ALA) on in vitro maturation (IVM) and the quality of mouse oocytes with PCOS. Methods: Female NMRI mice (30 - 35 day-old) were developed by the injection of 4 mg estradiol valerate dissolved in 0.2 mg sesame oil for 60 consecutive days. In the following, the PCOS ovaries were dissected and oocytes were cultured in the maturation medium supplemented with different dosages of α-linolenic acid (0, 50, 100 µM). The presence of the first polar body was considered the sign of the nuclear maturation of the oocyte. The expression of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) gene in mature oocytes was investigated by Quantitative Real-time PCR. Results: The in vitro maturation and TFAM gene expression rates of PCOS oocytes in the medium treated with 50 µM of ALA (84 ± 7.9 and 0.46 ± 0.09, respectively) were significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The ALA could improve the IVM rate and quality of PCOS oocytes by higher expression of TFAM gene.
TL;DR: The results showed that height, weight, and BMI percentiles in both gender were close to NCHS standards features in all ages, but some percentiles were higher in children in Yazd than N CHS standardsNCHS Standards.
Abstract: Background: Monitoring and evaluating physical growth in children is an important way to determine their nutritional and health status. Health personnel can diagnose growth impairment and malnutrition in children by growth monitoring from growth indices. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the cut-off points of body mass index (BMI) in children and adolescents and compare them with the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) standards. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 4,320 students (6 - 11 years old) were selected by cluster sampling in 24 primary schools. A class (a cluster) was randomly selected from each base in each school. Then, 30 students from each class were randomly selected. The height and weight of students were measured, and then BMI was calculated for students. After data collection, height, weight, and BMI tables were calculated based on age and sex and compared with the WHO standards using the LMSchartmaker Pro software 2.3. Results: The results showed that height, weight, and BMI percentiles in both gender were close to NCHS standards features in all ages, but some percentiles were higher in children in Yazd than NCHS standardsNCHS standards, including the 97th percentile of height for boys, the 97th percentile of BMI for both gender, the 97th percentile of weight for boys, the 75th percentile of weight for boys aged 9 and 10 years, and the same percentile in girls ages 7 - 11 and 9 - 11 years, respectively. Conclusions: According to the results, the researchers recommend using the indices of the present study according to the differences observed between height, weight, and BMI in children studied with NCHS standards.
TL;DR: Since the course of disorder in the comorbidity of these two disorders become chronic and diagnosis, and the OCD is difficult in the manic episode; it is necessary to be aware when diagnosing BD or OCD.
Abstract: Background: The relationship between bipolar disorder (BD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is investigated in several studies. According to the reports, the comorbidity of these two-disorders is more than the general population.
Objectives: The current study aimed to compare the severity of OCD in different episodes of BD.
Methods: This cross-sectional (descriptive-analytic) study included 90 patients referred to Baharan Psychiatric Center affiliated to the Zahedan University of Medical Science in 2019 with a primary diagnosis of BD according to Semi-structured interview (SCID). The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive scale was used to measure the severity of OCD symptoms in different episodes of BD.
Results: The severity of OCD symptoms in the depression group was significantly higher than the manic (P < 0.01) and remission groups (P < 0.01).
Conclusions: Mood state influences the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Since the course of disorder in the comorbidity of these two disorders become chronic and diagnosis, and the OCD is difficult in the manic episode; it is necessary to be aware when diagnosing BD or OCD.
TL;DR: The detrimental effect of age on fertilization, embryo quality, and biochemical and clinical pregnancy rate in oligozoospermia and oligoasthenoteratozoospermia groups during intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles showed a declining likelihood of fertility in men with advancing age.
Abstract: Background: Although the detrimental effects of advancing maternal age on fertility and reproduction have been recognized, there is a controversy regarding the impact of paternal age on male fertility. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of paternal age on assisted reproductive outcomes in infertile couples with different male infertility factors. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study on 285 couples at Alzahra Hospital from 2017 to 2019. The exclusion criteria were couples with female factor infertility. Patients were divided into four groups of normozoospermia, oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, and oligoasthenoteratozoospermia based on the World Health Organization criteria. To evaluate the effect of age, another grouping was done according to the paternal age ( 45 y). Results: Our study showed that the negative effect of advancing age on male fertility can be seen in infertility factors of oligozoospermia and oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. A declined fertilization rate associated with aging was seen in all four groups, but the low embryo development rate was significant only in the oligozoospermia group (P = 0.01). The poor embryo quality related to advancing paternal age was observed in oligozoospermia (grade C; P = 0.001 and grade D; P = 0.005) and oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (grade D; P = 0.01) groups. Additionally, the success rate of biochemical and clinical pregnancy decreased in the oligozoospermia (P = 0.01) and oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (P = 0.02) groups with advancing male age. Conclusions: Our findings showed a declining likelihood of fertility in men with advancing age. Specifically, we observed the detrimental effect of age on fertilization, embryo quality, and biochemical and clinical pregnancy rate in oligozoospermia and oligoasthenoteratozoospermia groups during intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles.
TL;DR: The use of HSG as a therapeutic approach is not effective, but it could have therapeutic effects as a diagnostic method in women with early infertility.
Abstract: Background: Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is a common diagnostic method that has therapeutic effects on fertility success. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of HSG on the biochemical pregnancy rate of women with primary and secondary infertility in patients referring to Ali-ibn Abitalib Hospital in Zahedan. Methods: A descriptive-analytical study was performed on 100 women with primary and secondary infertility referred to Ali-ibn Abitalib Hospital of Zahedan for performing HSG. Following performing the examinations, initial tests, and procedures, as well as ruling out acute pelvic infection by the expert gynecologist, the patients were referred to the radiologist for HSG. All patients in the study underwent HSG. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 21 software. Results: The mean age of patients in the study was 30.36 ± 5.25 years, and the mean duration of infertility was 4.81 ± 2.31 years. There was no significant relationship between the type of pregnancy and the outcome of pregnancy. There was no statistical relationship between age, abdominal surgery history, and HSG in both groups of women with spontaneous pregnancy or ovulation induction. There was a significant relationship between the mean duration of infertility and spontaneous pregnancy. Conclusions: The use of HSG as a therapeutic approach is not effective, but it could have therapeutic effects as a diagnostic method in women with early infertility.
TL;DR: E. histolytica infection is not the main causative agent for dysenteric diarrhea in children in the studied area, and laboratory experts should be trained to prevent false-positive reports.
Abstract: Entamoeba histolytica is one of the important parasitic diseases in many parts of the world, especially the tropical and subtropical regions. The parasite is transmitted through contaminated water and vegetables. The exact diagnosis of infection with the parasite is crucial in many medical laboratories since there are many false positive and negative results in their reports. Therefore, the current study aimed at evaluating and comparing microscopic and coproantigen ELISA (the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) results to reach an appropriate test for the correct diagnosis of amoebiasis in children. One hundred stool samples were collected from children under 15 years old with dysenteric diarrhea from April to September 2018. Microscopic tests and coproantigen ELISA were performed on all the samples. The results showed that 5% of the samples had E. histolytica/E. dispar cysts. The findings of ELISA to detect coproantigen did not show any specific E. histolytica antigen in the samples. Hence, all the patients received chemotherapy for shigellosis. E. histolytica infection is not the main causative agent for dysenteric diarrhea in children in the studied area, and laboratory experts should be trained to prevent false-positive reports.
TL;DR: Three months of PAT in female animals had no effects on ghrelin level, food intake and weight loss, and serum IGF-1 level, and it seems that there are sex-specific hormonal and appetite responses to progressive aerobic training.
Abstract: Background: It is generally believed that physical activity can lead to increased food intake, whereas some studies state that exercise can have inhibitory effects on appetite and calorie intake. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in the level of gastric and serum ghrelin, body weight, and serum IGF-1 after a period of progressive aerobic training (PAT) in female rats. Methods: After one week of familiarization with treadmill running, 16 adult female rats were randomly assigned to two groups: control (n = 8) and aerobic exercise (n = 8). The exercise protocol consisted of progressive aerobic running on the treadmill for three months (5 days a week). Forty-eight hours after the last exercise session, the animals were sacrificed. Serum levels of ghrelin, IGF-1, and ghrelin content in the gastric tissue were measured using the ELISA method. An Independent t-test was used for comparison of data between the two groups. Results: The results indicated that three months of PAT had no significant effect on gastric (P = 0.51) and serum acylated ghrelin (P = 0.15), weight changes (P = 0.42), and serum IGF-1 (P = 0.56) compared to the control group. Conclusions: Three months of PAT in female animals had no effects on ghrelin level, food intake and weight loss, and serum IGF-1 level. It seems that there are sex-specific hormonal and appetite responses to progressive aerobic training.