Showing papers in "Zemleustrìj, kadastr ì monìtorìng zemelʹ in 2023"
TL;DR: In this paper , a technological map of growing has been developed, the efficiency of growing energy willow in the territories of the Nobel NPP has been calculated, and a project approach is used, which makes it possible to achieve the strategic goals of the park with the help of the proposed measures.
Abstract: According to the data of the State Cadastre, at the beginning of 2021, the nature reserve fund counted 8,633 territories and objects with a total area of 4.1 million hectares, which was 6.8% of the country's area. These territories are under the authority of various departments. The main purpose of protected areas is to preserve unique landscapes, species of flora and fauna for future generations. Today, the task is to increase the area of the nature reserve fund.
It has been established that national natural parks (NPPs) are one of the largest objects of the protected fund in terms of area. To date, 56 NPPs have been created, which occupy an area of 1,399,161 hectares, which is 30.6% of the entire nature reserve fund. Administrations have been created in national parks to implement the functions entrusted to the park. These include preservation and protection of unique landscapes, conducting scientific research, recreational activities and educational work. The territory of the park includes lands of different purposes. These are mainly forests and other wooded areas (60%), the sea - 21%, inland waters - 6%, agricultural land - 5%,
For the effective management of the national natural park, projects are being developed for the organization of the territory of the NPP for the protection, reproduction and recreational use of its natural complexes and objects. At the same time, a project approach is used, which makes it possible to achieve the strategic goals of the park with the help of the proposed measures.
It is proposed to grow energy willow on agricultural lands. The environmental component of the project is important, as we have zero carbon emissions when using willow as fuel, which is important at the current price of energy resources. A technological map of growing has been developed, the efficiency of growing energy willow in the territories of the Nobel NPP has been calculated.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors used Google Earth Engine to obtain the public land cover dataset of Ukraine and uses raster calculation to quickly construct the land transfer matrix, which shows that the land cover change in Ukraine from 2000-2015 is modest, with a total change of 2.244%.
Abstract: Land cover change has been a hot area of research on global ecological change and sustainable development due to its importance in global ecological change. Understanding land cover change trends is the basis for rational planning and management of land resources and is of important value for achieving land protection and sustainable development. Land transfer matrix has great value in the research of land cover change, its results are not disturbed by the land cover category and quantity, and the data can be analyzed in different time periods according to the demand. However, the land transfer matrix produced by traditional methods has the problems of long production period and certain requirements for hardware performance. In this paper uses Google Earth Engine to obtain the public land cover dataset of Ukraine and uses raster calculation to quickly construct the land transfer matrix. The matrix data show that the land cover change in Ukraine from 2000-2015 is modest, with a total change of 2.244%. The proportion of cropland decreased and the proportion of Urban and Built-up Lands increased. The results show that the methods can quickly and effectively obtain data on land cover change in the study area and provide assistance in analyzing trends and patterns of land cover change.
TL;DR: In this paper , the use of community resources are classified into land, natural and other community resources, and the need to develop a Program for the rational use and protection of land and natural resources as an effective tool for identification, descriptions, analysis, classification, evaluation and use planning of communities' resources is substantiated.
Abstract: Some aspects of the use of community resources were studied. It was determined that it is impractical to be limited exclusively to financial or land resources, it is necessary to cover the entire resource complex of the community within the framework of the study. It was established that community resources require identification, description, analysis, classification, evaluation and planning of their rational use. Community resources are classified with a basic division into land, natural and other community resources. The need to develop a Program for the rational use and protection of land, natural and other community resources as an effective tool for identification, descriptions, analysis, classification, evaluation and use planning of community resources is substantiated. It was established that as a result of the assessment of the community's resources, it is possible to adjust the measures provided by the territorial community's development strategy, because the management of land-resource (land-property) complexes at any level has a strategic nature and must be tied to the territorial community's development strategy. It was found that an effective means to achieve this is the use of an automated system of accounting and management of land-resource (land-property) complexes of territorial communities, the creation of which should take into account the peculiarities and needs of communities. It is noted that in the framework of the development of an inclusive economy, it is necessary to involve the residents of the community in public goods, in particular, in the use of resources and their management, because the effective use of resources is achieved in the cooperation of local residents and local self-government bodies, and one of the tools is the involvement of residents in the use of resources or their management , is conducting surveys of community residents with the aim of forming strategic goals and measures for community development.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors show that the necessary institutional prerequisite for increasing the effectiveness of extended reproduction and economic development of natural resource potential is the modernization of the economic mechanism of nature use both at the national, regional and local levels, in particular in the part of the transformation of the system of fiscal regulation of the use of subsoil for the extraction of minerals.
Abstract: It is substantiated that the necessary institutional prerequisite for increasing the effectiveness of extended reproduction and economic development of natural resource potential is the modernization of the economic mechanism of nature use both at the national, regional and local levels, in particular in the part of the transformation of the system of fiscal regulation of the use of subsoil for the extraction of minerals. Studies have shown that the deepening of budget-fiscal decentralization requires more effective use of endogenous factors of socio-economic development of territorial communities, in the spectrum of which the increase in the effectiveness of fiscal regulation of subsoil use through the improvement of the methodology of extraction and distribution of rent for the use of subsoil is of particular importance. It was established that in the years 2007-2021, several phases of growth and decline are observed in the dynamics of rent payments for the use of subsoil to the local budgets of Ukraine, which correlates with the dynamics of socio-economic uplift, the impact of the global financial crisis on the national economy, changes in the percentages of deduction of mineral and raw materials rents to public financial funds of the respective territories. It has been proven that in the conditions of budgetary and fiscal decentralization, favorable conditions have been formed for increasing the share of rent deductions for subsoil use to local budgets, which will make it possible to form special financial funds for the reproduction of mineral and raw material potential and increase the interest of local self-government in its complex use. It is substantiated that the revision of the principles of subsoil use rents should be preceded by the modernization of the economic mechanism of nature use in terms of the diversification of payments for the extraction of minerals, and this will make it possible to ensure the equivalence of the extraction of mineral and raw material rents and its adequate distribution between public budgets of different taxonomic levels .
TL;DR: In this article , the authors analyzed the data of the State Service of Ukraine on geodesy, cartography and cadastre regarding the number of concluded deeds, as well as the area of land for which agreements were concluded by region were analyzed.
Abstract: The current state of agricultural land is considered destination in Ukraine after the official opening of land circulation and formed promising directions of its effective development. Generalization of factors influencing and developing land relations. The data of the State Service of Ukraine on geodesy, cartography and cadastre regarding the number of concluded deeds, as well as the area of land for which agreements were concluded by region were analyzed. The dynamics of changes in the average value of 1 ha of alienated land plots in the regions of Ukraine were monitored. The leading regions in terms of the number of alienated territories and the average cost of 1 hectare of land for commercial agricultural production were determined, and the main reasons for such variations were also clarified. Prospective ways have been formed improvement and development of market circulation of agricultural lands purposes that include: improving the integrity, accessibility and interoperability of data; optimization and improvement of assessment methods land as one of the most important steps of the State Property Fund of Ukraine; ensuring monitoring of the circulation of land plots and rights to them; magnification legal literacy and provision of legal support for citizens; adaptation and improvement of land legislation for the future functioning and development of land circulation during the period of martial law. After all, growth will depend on the efficiency of market circulation of land capacity of the population and territorial communities, as well as creation favorable conditions for the development of agrarian business in the countryside.
TL;DR: A review and analysis of government methodological recommendations, studies of scientific institutions, groups of scientists and public organizations related to studies of the assessment and impact of hostilities on the ground was carried out as mentioned in this paper .
Abstract: A review and analysis of government methodological recommendations, studies of scientific institutions, groups of scientists and public organizations related to studies of the assessment and impact of hostilities on the ground was carried out. The key positions in methodological recommendations related to the assessment of negative consequences on land due to man-made pollution and damage are selected and indicated. The key positions in the methodological recommendations related to the assessment of negative consequences on the ground as a result of hostilities were analyzed and indicated.
The study of scientific institutions, groups of scientists and public organizations related to studies of the assessment and impact of hostilities on lands and soils is considered. It is indicated that the practical studies to date, which are related to the assessment of the impact of hostilities on the productivity of land use, in particular, in terms of the territories of territorial communities, are spot-on. It is noted that the government's methodological recommendations, dedicated to land in general or in the context of agricultural land, forest fund and do not take into account other categories of land. The need to continue scientific research and the development of methodological recommendations regarding the assessment and restoration of land as a result of hostilities was emphasized, and relevant directions were proposed.
TL;DR: In this article , the problem of identifying the peerness of land plots is scrutinized, i.e. the recognition of land items to be peer provided the difference of their values is less than 10%.
Abstract: The article scrutinizes the problem of land plots exchange with the aim of the spatial land improvement. At the current stage, the problem of the removal of overlapping of agricultural lands in agricultural land masses, elaboration and improvement of land consolidation mechanisms; the implementation of compulsory complex land consolidation is under discussion; there are preconditions of the improvement of the technical substantiation of land plot alienation for public needs. In this context, the problem of the identification of the peerness of land plots is scrutinized, i.e. the recognition of land plots to be peer provided the difference of their values is less than 10%. The study aims at the improvement of approaches to the definition of the affordable difference of land plots values which can be considered peer at the exchange. The provisions of legislation have been analysed which precondition the peer land plots exchange and specify the affordable difference of values of such land plots. It has been revealed that due to the vague definition of the affordable difference of land plot value, there is the uncertainty of 1/110 (≈0,9%) to 13/220 (≈5,9%) of the value of land plot. The existence of such mistake is firstly the reason for the disputes of the equal land plots exchange in the court, secondly, it is a hurdle for the voluntary involvement of landowners to land exchange. The specification of the definition of the affordable difference of land plots values which can be considered to be equal has been suggested. The results gained can be used at the definition of land plots as the equal at exchange and sublease; at the implementation of complex land consolidation; at the alteration of legal acts on land consolidation; at the modeling of land reallotment based on the heuristic or optimizational approach.
TL;DR: In this article , the feasibility of developing an evaluation information model for use in the system of land administration in Ukraine is examined, and the conceptual principles of the model and the conformity of this model to the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) are revealed.
Abstract: The article examines the feasibility of developing an evaluation information model for use in the system of land administration in Ukraine. The Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) standard, which is intended to standardize cadastre models of different countries of the world, is considered. The conceptual principles of the evaluation information model and the conformity of this model to the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) are revealed. Features of the basic evaluation information model structure are presented, including identification of information needs, and establishment of relationships between classes of objects and their filling. This approach automates the process of data collection and analysis, as well as reduces the number of errors during evaluation. The article examines the implementation of the evaluation information model based on LADM in Ukraine, which will require a comprehensive study of the legal and regulatory framework related to the system of land administration in Ukraine. For the successful implementation of the evaluation information system in Ukraine, the authors propose to define types of ownership, which will include the model, spatial-territorial distribution, and types of tax payments, which will be administered in the system. Thus, a well-developed and implemented model of land administration can provide effective management of land resources, an increase of investments, and generation of incomes.
TL;DR: In this article , the adoption of the adopted changes to the land legislation and legal acts regulating land relations during the martial law has been investigated, and it was proved that their adoption was not done in a systematic way.
Abstract: On the basis of the analysis of the adopted changes to the land legislation and legal acts regulating land relations during the martial law, it was proved that their adoption was not done in a systematic way. It was found that the established special rules related to the implementation of land management and disposal of land plots for the period of martial law have different goals. It is about simplifying the procedure for disposal of agricultural lands – on the one hand, and on the other hand – activities in the field of land management, land cadastre and land valuation are complicated. It is substantiated that the changes that were made urgently highlighted the problem of imperfect land legislation in general, since the land legislation in force before the start of the war was designed exclusively for peacetime, because the issues of public access to sensitive information, such as: cartographic information, information on the purpose of land plots, names of land uses, names of subjects of land relations, etc.
It has been established that the problem related to the provision of business entities and citizens under martial law for the provision of services for the preparation of land management documentation, topographical, geodetic and cartographic works has been resolved. For this purpose, the provision of special permits by the Security Service of Ukraine has been introduced.
The urgent need for systematic adjustment of land legislation, both in the context of land management during the period of martial law and after its end (recovery period), as well as the need for harmonization of legislation in connection with European integration, which will become the basis for further research, is substantiated.
TL;DR: In this article , a comprehensive consideration of the issue of illegal amber mining is presented, and its main ecological, economic and social consequences are also determined, and it is argued that the illegal actions of prospectors and their consequences continue to be a painful issue in the socioeconomic life of Ukraine, from which not only the natural environment, but also the economy of Ukraine suffers.
Abstract: The negative consequences of illegal amber mining lead to damage to the country's economy and the destruction of the ecosystem in those regions where intensive mining is conducted. The article is devoted to a comprehensive consideration of the issue of illegal amber mining. The ecological and economic prerequisites for the emergence of the problem of illegal mining are given, and its main ecological, economic and social consequences are also determined. It is argued that the illegal actions of prospectors and their consequences continue to be a painful issue in the socio-economic life of Ukraine, from which not only the natural environment, but also the economy of Ukraine suffers. As a result of the uncontrolled extraction of precious stones, the actions of criminal groups smuggling them abroad, the state will not receive millions of hryvnias from the state budget. The calculation of Ukraine's annual losses from illegal amber mining and sales is presented. The distribution of reserves and extraction of amber by administrative regions of Ukraine was analyzed. It is noted that there are two direct payments related to amber mining: a fee for a special permit for the development of the site and mining, as well as rent - a share of the income from the sale of precious stones. Generalized data on the formation of amber deposits and mining taxation processes in Lithuania and Poland are provided. The dynamics of selling prices of Ukrainian and Polish amber is presented, a significant drop in the price of Ukrainian raw amber compared to 2016 was established. The problem of illegal mining in forest areas in the north-west of Poland has been studied. It is noted that amber prices are constantly changing depending on the fractions, but the introduction of a single fixed rate will contribute to the development of this industry.
TL;DR: In this article , an improved structure of the organizational and economic mechanism for the formation of ecologically safe agrarian land use is proposed, where two more instrumental blocks of a cross-functional nature, namely: regulatory and land management, are allocated at the same level as the organisational and economic blocks.
Abstract: The organizational and economic mechanism of ecologically safe land use is an effective tool for the interest of landowners and land users in compliance with the requirements of environmental standards. The use of such a mechanism contributes to the effective management of land resources at various levels.
The article proposes an improved structure of the organizational and economic mechanism for the formation of ecologically safe agrarian land use. Given the specifics of land use, two more instrumental blocks of a cross-functional nature, namely: regulatory and land management, are allocated at the same level as the organizational and economic blocks.
For each of the named instrumental blocks, specific tools are defined that allow to ensure the formation of ecologically safe land use.
It has been established that any organizational and economic mechanism, in a broad sense, is a certain set of action tools and the necessary forms, methods and levers of their functioning, while simultaneously understanding the mechanism exclusively as a set of tools. Implementation of the developed organizational mechanism for the formation of ecologically safe agrarian land use is carried out by improving the structural scheme, the essence and toolkit of which is transformed depending on the tasks and functions of the main instrumental blocks.
It is justified that all four instrumental blocks should be based on consideration of four dimensions: legal, spatial, ecological and social.
TL;DR: In this paper , scientific-methodical approaches to the development of working land management projects to improve the condition of unproductive lands are proposed, and the economic effect of measures in the working project of land management must be calculated using the discount method, which takes into account both the outflow of money (investments) and the inflow that occurs due to the increase in land productivity.
Abstract: Scientific-methodical approaches to the development of working land management projects to improve the condition of unproductive lands are proposed.
The state policy of land protection envisages the principle of rational nature management on all categories of land, in the event of land disturbance, it envisages their restoration (earthing, reclamation). However, only a small part of the fertile topsoil is used to improve agricultural land.
Excavation is a complex of removal, transportation, and application of a fertile layer of soil and potentially fertile rocks on unproductive lands and disturbed lands for the purpose of their improvement. Landfilling in rural areas, by its very nature, is a nature protection measure that is performed in a complex of land management works, which have an investment character and are aimed at preserving the natural environment and increasing the productivity of agricultural land. In market conditions, the concept of "earthing" has been expanded and includes the removal of fertile soil and potentially fertile rocks during the construction of reservoirs, development of quarries, construction work with the excavation of fertile soil and their application not only to unproductive lands in agricultural enterprises, but also in organization of green industrial zones (for greening the territory of the object), liquidation of the consequences of industrial accidents.
In these cases, soils with a certain fertility potential are a commodity that has a market demand and a certain value. The economic effect of measures in the working project of land management must be calculated using the discount method, which takes into account both the outflow of money (investments) and the inflow that occurs due to the increase in land productivity.