1.2 Pb/s Throughput Transmission Using a 160 $\mu$ m Cladding, 4-Core, 3-Mode Fiber
TL;DR: In this article, a 3.37 km, 4-core, 3-mode few-mode multi-core fiber with spatial multiplexing and demultiplexing performed with especially designed mode-selective couplers.
Abstract: This paper extends a recent demonstration of 1.2 Pb/s transmission using a few-mode multi-core fiber with a cladding diameter of 160 μm. The fiber was a 3.37 km, 4-core, 3-mode few-mode multi-core fiber with spatial multiplexing and demultiplexing performed with especially designed mode-selective couplers. We transmitted 368 wavelength division multiplexed spatial super channels across the C and L bands. We selected polarization-division-multiplexed-256-quadrature amplitude modulation format to maximize the generalized mutual information of the transmitted signals, which were decoded using punctured soft-decision forward error correction with a code rate granularity of 0.01. The maximum crosstalk of the system was -31 dB between LP
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modes of adjacent cores, leading to a Q-factor penalty of approximately 0.5 dB. We estimated the system mode-dependent loss values ranging from 3 dB to 5 dB across C and L bands with negligible wavelength dependence.
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20 Sep 2021
TL;DR: In this paper, the main classifications and features of novel SDM fibers such as multicore fibers (MCFs), multimode fibers, few-mode MCFs, and coupled-core MCFs are discussed.
Abstract: Research on space-division multiplexing (SDM) came to prominence in early 2010 being primarily proposed as a means of multiplying the information-carrying capacity of optical fibers at the same time as increasing efficiency through resource sharing. Proposed SDM transmission systems range from parallel single-mode fibers with shared amplifier pump lasers to the full spatial integration of transceiver hardware, signal processing, and amplification around a fiber with over 100 spatial channels comprising multiple cores each carrying multiple modes. In this paper, we review progress in SDM research. We first outline the main classifications and features of novel SDM fibers such as multicore fibers (MCFs), multimode fibers, few-mode MCFs, and coupled-core MCFs. We review research achievements of each fiber type before discussing digital-signal processing, amplifier technology, and milestones of transmission and networking demonstrations. Finally, we draw comparisons between fiber types before discussing the current trends and speculate on future developments and applications beyond optical data transmission.
200 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report a peta-bit-per-second class transmission demonstration in multi-mode fibers, which is enabled by combining three key technologies: a wideband optical comb-based transmitter to generate highly spectral efficient 64-quadrature-amplitude modulated signals between 1528 nm and 1610 nm wavelength, a broadband mode-multiplexer, based on multi-plane light conversion, and a 15-mode multiuser with optimized transmission characteristics for wideband operation.
Abstract: Data rates in optical fiber networks have increased exponentially over the past decades and core-networks are expected to operate in the peta-bit-per-second regime by 2030. As current single-mode fiber-based transmission systems are reaching their capacity limits, space-division multiplexing has been investigated as a means to increase the per-fiber capacity. Of all space-division multiplexing fibers proposed to date, multi-mode fibers have the highest spatial channel density, as signals traveling in orthogonal fiber modes share the same fiber-core. By combining a high mode-count multi-mode fiber with wideband wavelength-division multiplexing, we report a peta-bit-per-second class transmission demonstration in multi-mode fibers. This was enabled by combining three key technologies: a wideband optical comb-based transmitter to generate highly spectral efficient 64-quadrature-amplitude modulated signals between 1528 nm and 1610 nm wavelength, a broadband mode-multiplexer, based on multi-plane light conversion, and a 15-mode multi-mode fiber with optimized transmission characteristics for wideband operation. Space division multiplexing solutions are one way to increase future fiber information capacity. Here, the authors show peta-bit/s transmission in a standard-diameter, multimode fiber enabled by combining several practical multiplexing technologies.
40 citations
08 Mar 2020
TL;DR: This work demonstrates 596.4 Tb/s over a standard cladding diameter fiber with 4 single-mode cores, using a single wideband optical comb source to provide 25 GHz spaced carriers over 120 nm range across S, C and L bands.
Abstract: We investigate high-throughput, multi-band transmission in a 4-core multi-core fiber (MCF) with the same 125 μm cladding diameter of standard single-mode fiber (SMF). A single wideband comb source is used to transmit up to 561 wavelength channels with 25 GHz spacing over a 120 nm bandwidth in S, C, and L bands. We demonstrate a maximum decoded throughput of 610 Tb/s in PDM-256QAM and PDM-64QAM signals over a 54 km fiber, transmitting more than 155 Tb/s in a single core and measuring a per-core average throughput exceeding record transmission demonstrations in SMF. In addition, we use noise loading measurements to characterize the achievable signal quality across the wideband transmitter. These results show that a single comb source can enable high-spectral efficiency modulation over wide bandwidths and further that low-core count homogeneous MCF technology can offer the same transmission performance as single-mode fibers without sacrificing mechanical reliability, and still offering the benefits of shared resources and greater efficiency that drives SDM technologies.
24 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a ring core fiber-optic (RCF) system that combines SDM and C + L band dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) in a 34 km 7-core RCF is demonstrated to transport a total of 24960 channels with a raw (net) capacity of 1.223 (1.02) Peta-bit s-1 (Pbps) and a spectral efficiency of 156.8 (130.7) bit s 1 Hz-1.
Abstract: Space-division multiplexing (SDM), as a main candidate for future ultra-high capacity fibre-optic communications, needs to address limitations to its scalability imposed by computation-intensive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) digital signal processing (DSP) required to eliminate the crosstalk caused by optical coupling between multiplexed spatial channels. By exploiting the unique propagation characteristics of orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes in ring core fibres (RCFs), a system that combines SDM and C + L band dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) in a 34 km 7-core RCF is demonstrated to transport a total of 24960 channels with a raw (net) capacity of 1.223 (1.02) Peta-bit s-1 (Pbps) and a spectral efficiency of 156.8 (130.7) bit s-1 Hz-1. Remarkably for such a high channel count, the system only uses fixed-size 4 × 4 MIMO DSP modules with no more than 25 time-domain taps. Such ultra-low MIMO complexity is enabled by the simultaneous weak coupling among fibre cores and amongst non-degenerate OAM mode groups within each core that have a fixed number of 4 modes. These results take the capacity of OAM-based fibre-optic communications links over the 1 Pbps milestone for the first time. They also simultaneously represent the lowest MIMO complexity and the 2nd smallest fibre cladding diameter amongst reported few-mode multicore-fibre (FM-MCF) SDM systems of >1 Pbps capacity. We believe these results represent a major step forward in SDM transmission, as they manifest the significant potentials for further up-scaling the capacity per optical fibre whilst keeping MIMO processing to an ultra-low complexity level and in a modularly expandable fashion.
23 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a ring core fiber-optic (RCF) system that combines SDM and C + L band dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) in a 34 km 7-core RCF is demonstrated to transport a total of 24960 channels with a raw (net) capacity of 1.223 (1.02) Peta-bit s-1 (Pbps) and a spectral efficiency of 156.8 (130.7) bit s 1 Hz-1.
Abstract: Space-division multiplexing (SDM), as a main candidate for future ultra-high capacity fibre-optic communications, needs to address limitations to its scalability imposed by computation-intensive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) digital signal processing (DSP) required to eliminate the crosstalk caused by optical coupling between multiplexed spatial channels. By exploiting the unique propagation characteristics of orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes in ring core fibres (RCFs), a system that combines SDM and C + L band dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) in a 34 km 7-core RCF is demonstrated to transport a total of 24960 channels with a raw (net) capacity of 1.223 (1.02) Peta-bit s-1 (Pbps) and a spectral efficiency of 156.8 (130.7) bit s-1 Hz-1. Remarkably for such a high channel count, the system only uses fixed-size 4 × 4 MIMO DSP modules with no more than 25 time-domain taps. Such ultra-low MIMO complexity is enabled by the simultaneous weak coupling among fibre cores and amongst non-degenerate OAM mode groups within each core that have a fixed number of 4 modes. These results take the capacity of OAM-based fibre-optic communications links over the 1 Pbps milestone for the first time. They also simultaneously represent the lowest MIMO complexity and the 2nd smallest fibre cladding diameter amongst reported few-mode multicore-fibre (FM-MCF) SDM systems of >1 Pbps capacity. We believe these results represent a major step forward in SDM transmission, as they manifest the significant potentials for further up-scaling the capacity per optical fibre whilst keeping MIMO processing to an ultra-low complexity level and in a modularly expandable fashion.
14 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarized the simultaneous transmission of several independent spatial channels of light along optical fibres to expand the data-carrying capacity of optical communications, and showed that the results achieved in both multicore and multimode optical fibers are documented.
Abstract: This Review summarizes the simultaneous transmission of several independent spatial channels of light along optical fibres to expand the data-carrying capacity of optical communications. Recent results achieved in both multicore and multimode optical fibres are documented.
2,629 citations
"1.2 Pb/s Throughput Transmission Us..." refers background in this paper
...S PACE-DIVISION multiplexing (SDM) has received significant attention in recent years, due to its potential to accomodate the increasing capacity demands of communication networks [1], [2]....
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TL;DR: The identification of fundamental scaling disparities between the technologies used to generate and process data and those used to transport data could lead to the data transport network falling behind its required capabilities by a factor of approximately 4 every five years, leading to an optical network capacity crunch.
Abstract: Based on a variety of long-term network traffic data from different geographies and applications, in addition to long-term scaling trends of key information and communication technologies, we identify fundamental scaling disparities between the technologies used to generate and process data and those used to transport data. These disparities could lead to the data transport network falling behind its required capabilities by a factor of approximately 4 every five years. By 2024, we predict the need for 10-Tb/s optical interfaces working in 1-Pb/s optical transport systems. To satisfy these needs, multiplexing in both wavelength and space in the form of a wavelength-division multiplexing × space-division multiplexing matrix will be required. We estimate the characteristics of such systems and outline their target specifications, which reveals the need for very significant research progress in multiple areas, from system and network architectures to digital signal processing to integrated arrayed device designs, in order to avoid an optical network capacity crunch.
329 citations
"1.2 Pb/s Throughput Transmission Us..." refers background in this paper
...S PACE-DIVISION multiplexing (SDM) has received significant attention in recent years, due to its potential to accomodate the increasing capacity demands of communication networks [1], [2]....
[...]
16 Sep 2012
TL;DR: In this article, the authors demonstrate 1.01-Pb/s transmission over 52 km with the highest aggregate spectral efficiency of 91.4 b/s/Hz by using low-crosstalk one-ring-structured 12-core fiber.
Abstract: (40-Word Limit): We demonstrate 1.01-Pb/s transmission over 52 km with the highest aggregate spectral efficiency of 91.4 b/s/Hz by using low-crosstalk one-ring-structured 12-core fiber. Our multi-core fiber and compact fan-in/fan-out devices are designed to support high-order modulation formats up to 32-QAM in SDM transmission.
323 citations
"1.2 Pb/s Throughput Transmission Us..." refers background in this paper
...2902601 sion experiments achieving throughputs higher than 1 Pb/s have been reported [3]–[8]....
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...1 shows that only the works in [3], and [4], used fibers with dimensions that meet the specified criteria for...
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03 Dec 2015
TL;DR: In this paper, a wideband optical comb source with 10THz bandwidth for 2.15 Pb/s transmission over 31km of a new, homogeneous 22-core single-mode multi-core fiber using 399 × 25GHz spaced, 6.468 Tb/S spatial-super-channels comprising 24.5GBaud PDM-64QAM modulation in each core.
Abstract: We use a wideband optical comb source with 10THz bandwidth for 2.15 Pb/s transmission over 31km of a new, homogeneous 22-core single-mode multi-core fiber using 399 × 25GHz spaced, 6.468 Tb/s spatial-super-channels comprising 24.5GBaud PDM-64QAM modulation in each core.
283 citations
Additional excerpts
...This behavior is a consequence of the operation of the frequency comb generator and has been described in other works, such as [6]....
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01 Sep 2017
TL;DR: Over 10 peta-bit/s transmission has been experimentally demonstrated for the first time using 11.3-km-length low-DMD 6-mode 19-core fibre across C+L band.
Abstract: Over 10 peta-bit/s transmission has been experimentally demonstrated for the first time using 11.3-km-length low-DMD 6-mode 19-core fibre across C+L band. Q-factors of all 84,246 SDM/WDM channels modulated with 12-Gbaud DP-64QAM/16QAM exceeded the assumed FEC limits.
131 citations
"1.2 Pb/s Throughput Transmission Us..." refers background in this paper
...2902601 sion experiments achieving throughputs higher than 1 Pb/s have been reported [3]–[8]....
[...]