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Book ChapterDOI

10. Serf Emancipation and the Changing Structure of Rural Domestic Groups in the Russian Baltic Provinces: Linden Estate, 1797-1858

31 Dec 1984-pp 245-276
About: The article was published on 1984-12-31. It has received 5 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Emancipation & Estate.
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a review examines one of the most fundamental issues of family history, the nature of domestic groups in which people lived in the past, focusing on the evolution of family forms in Europe.
Abstract: This review examines one of the most fundamental issues of family history, the nature of domestic groups in which people lived in the past. The focus is further limited to the evolution of family forms in Europe. Although such models as those originally proposed by Laslett and Hajnal for western family history have been shown to be wanting, they have served an invaluable role in stimulating and guiding family history research. We are now able to begin to grasp the contours of a much more complex western family heritage than earlier scholars recognized.

163 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
David I. Kertzer1
TL;DR: In this article, the authors criticize the common view that demographic constraints prevented the realization of complex family forms in western Europe and take issue with recent attempts to contrast a Mediterranean household system with those found in northwestern Europe and in eastern Europe.
Abstract: Debates about the nature and geographical distribution of complex family households in the European past continue to animate much of the work of family history. This article criticizes the common view that demographic constraints prevented the realization of complex family forms in western Europe. It also takes issue with recent attempts to contrast a Mediterranean household system with those found in northwestern Europe and in eastern Europe. Evidence from Italian sharecroppers in the Bologna area in the period 1861-1921 is presented and comparative evidence from eastern Europe is discussed. The important differences between stem and joint family systems are elucidated. (EXCERPT)

51 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a debat concernant la nature of the zadruga telle qu'on l'observe dans l'Europe du Sud-est.
Abstract: Cet article est une contribution au debat concernant la nature de la zadruga telle qu'on l'observe dans l'Europe du Sud-est. Nous discutons d'abord les differentes definitions que l'on a pu en donner pour etablir en definitive que les zadruga doivent etre considerees comme des entites de caractere juridique possedant une propriete de caractere collectif. Elles ne sont done pas seulement le synonyme de menage contenant plus d'un noyau conjugal. Nous poursuivons en analysant la forme des menages a caractere familial en Slavonic Nous examinons en particulier le role des facteurs demographiques, economiques et culturels dans la formation des types de famille. Les donnees slavoniennes nous ont indique que les formes de la famille sont tres heterogenes, meme dans une aire geographique restreinte. Nous n'avons pas pu expliquer ce caractere heterogene par les cycles de la formation des menages; nous soutenons que le facteur decisif est a chercher dans les differentes normes culturelles valables pour les populations urbaines et rurales. Les differences de developpement economique entre les deux secteurs ont renforce ulterieurement l'action de ces normes culturelles.

15 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Using servile populations as a point of departure, the authors applies both quantitative and qualitative methods to explore Babylonian population dynamics in general; especially morbidity, mortality, and ages at which Babylonians experienced important life events.
Abstract: To date, servility and servile systems in Babylonia have been explored with the traditional lexical approach of Assyriology. If one examines servility as an aggregate phenomenon, these subjects can be investigated on a much larger scale with quantitative approaches. Using servile populations as a point of departure, this paper applies both quantitative and qualitative methods to explore Babylonian population dynamics in general; especially morbidity, mortality, and ages at which Babylonians experienced important life events. As such, it can be added to the handful of publications that have sought basic demographic data in the cuneiform record, and therefore has value to those scholars who are also interested in migration and settlement. It suggests that the origins of servile systems in Babylonia can be explained with the Nieboer-Domar hypothesis, which proposes that large-scale systems of bondage will arise in regions with plentiful land but few workers. Once established, these systems persisted and were reinforced through Babylonia’s high balance mortality, political ideologies, economic incentives, and social structures.

9 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The 1881 census of the Russian Baltic provinces of Livland, Estland, and Kurland was the first modern-type systematic population enumeration in the Baltic area as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The 1881 census of the Russian Baltic provinces of Livland, Estland, and Kurland was the first modern-type systematic population enumeration in the Baltic area. It had been preceded by enumerations of other kinds—land cadastres that included aggregate population counts (during Swedish control of the area) in the 17th century, and fiscal revisions (during Russian control of the area) that did list residents by name but did not follow any principles of modern census-taking. The Baltic German politico-economic elite, which controlled public affairs in the Baltic provinces, decided to carry out a census of a modern kind, and produced the 1881 count. Although initially the initiative was coordinated by the statistical specialists of the three provinces, the publication of results was decentralized, resulting in a series of volumes that supplied different tables for each province. The article analyzes the contents of the census, some of its shortcomings, as well as its strengths.

4 citations