13,16-Dimethyl Octacosanedioic Acid (iso-Diabolic Acid), a Common Membrane-Spanning Lipid of Acidobacteria Subdivisions 1 and 3
Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté,W. Irene C. Rijpstra,Ellen C. Hopmans,Johan W.H. Weijers,Bärbel U. Foesel,Jörg Overmann,Svetlana N. Dedysh +6 more
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TLDR
Upon both acid and base hydrolyses of total cell material, the uncommon membrane-spanning lipid 13,16-dimethyl octacosanedioic acid (iso-diabolic acid) was released in substantial amounts (22 to 43% of the total fatty acids) from all of the acidobacteria studied.Abstract:
The distribution of membrane lipids of 17 different strains representing 13 species of subdivisions 1 and 3 of the phylum Acidobacteria, a highly diverse phylum of the Bacteria, were examined by hydrolysis and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS) and by high-performance liquid chromatography-MS of intact polar lipids. Upon both acid and base hydrolyses of total cell material, the uncommon membrane-spanning lipid 13,16-dimethyl octacosanedioic acid (iso-diabolic acid) was released in substantial amounts (22 to 43% of the total fatty acids) from all of the acidobacteria studied. This lipid has previously been encountered only in thermophilic Thermoanaerobacter species but bears a structural resemblance to the alkyl chains of bacterial glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) that occur ubiquitously in peat and soil and are suspected to be produced by acidobacteria. As reported previously, most species also contained iso-C15 and C16:1ω7C as major fatty acids but the presence of iso-diabolic acid was unnoticed in previous studies, most probably because the complex lipid that contained this moiety was not extractable from the cells; it could only be released by hydrolysis. Direct analysis of intact polar lipids in the Bligh-Dyer extract of three acidobacterial strains, indeed, did not reveal any membrane-spanning lipids containing iso-diabolic acid. In 3 of the 17 strains, ether-bound iso-diabolic acid was detected after hydrolysis of the cells, including one branched GDGT containing iso-diabolic acid-derived alkyl chains. Since the GDGT distribution in soils is much more complex, branched GDGTs in soil likely also originate from other (acido)bacteria capable of biosynthesizing these components.read more
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The organic geochemistry of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids: A review
TL;DR: Progress made over the last decade in the analysis, occurrence and recognition of sources of GDGTs, their applications as biomarker lipids, and the development and application of proxies based on their distributions are reviewed.
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The Ecology of Acidobacteria: Moving beyond Genes and Genomes.
Anna M. Kielak,Cristine Chaves Barreto,George A. Kowalchuk,Johannes A. van Veen,Eiko E. Kuramae +4 more
TL;DR: Genomic and metagenomic data predict a number of ecologically relevant capabilities for some acidobacteria, including the ability to: respond to soil macro-, micro nutrients and soil acidity, express multiple active transporters, degrade gellan gum and produce exopolysaccharide (EPS).
Journal ArticleDOI
Revised calibration of the MBT–CBT paleotemperature proxy based on branched tetraether membrane lipids in surface soils
Francien Peterse,J. van der Meer,Stefan Schouten,Johan W.H. Weijers,Noah Fierer,Noah Fierer,Robert B. Jackson,Jung-Hyun Kim,J.S. Sinninghe Damsté +8 more
TL;DR: The MBT-CBT proxy for the reconstruction of paleotemperatures and past soil pH is based on the distribution of branched glycerol dialkyl glyceroline tetraether (brGDGT) membrane lipids as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Occurrence and abundance of 6-methyl branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers in soils : Implications for palaeoclimate reconstruction
Cindy De Jonge,Ellen C. Hopmans,Claudia Zell,Jung-Hyun Kim,Stefan Schouten,Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors quantified the fractional abundance of 6-methyl brGDGTs in globally distributed soils and showed that they are abundant components, comprising on average 24% of the total amount of brDGTs.
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A review of molecular organic proxies for examining modern and ancient lacustrine environments
TL;DR: In this article, the use of a number of commonly utilized organic geochemical and isotopic proxies and their potential for environmental reconstruction in Quaternary lacustrine deposits is discussed.
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