2013 ESC Guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy : The Task Force on cardiac pacing and resynchronization therapy of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA)
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Cites methods from "2013 ESC Guidelines on cardiac paci..."
...Indications for pacing are outlined in detail in the ESC Guidelines for cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy.(469) Management of ventricular arrhythmias and conduc-...
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...Atrial fibrillation patients with heart failure with mid-range ejection 746 fraction 747 HFmrEF is a recently defined entity, describing patients with symptoms and signs of heart failure, LVEF 40–748 49%, elevated levels of natriuretic peptides, and either LV hypertrophy, left atrial (LA) enlargement, or 749 evidence of diastolic dysfunction.222 However, diagnosis is more difficult in patients with AF, as natriuretic 750 peptides are elevated in AF and LA dilatation is common, regardless of concomitant heart failure....
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...%) and reduced ejection fraction (LVEF < 40%),219, 220 suffer from a 688 worse prognosis, including increased mortality.16, 221 The recent ESC Guidelines on heart failure222 have also 689 introduced a new category of heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction (HFmrEF; LVEF 40–49%), although 690 data on AF patients in this group are currently limited....
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...LVEF is also 751 variable and difficult to assess in AF patients because of AF-induced reduction in systolic LV function and 752 Page 25 of 148 ESC AF Guidelines variable cardiac cycle length....
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...Prevention of adverse outcomes and maintenance of a 691 good quality of life are the aims of management in all patients with AF and concomitant heart failure, regardless 692 Page 23 of 148 ESC AF Guidelines of LVEF.223 The general approach to AF management does not differ between heart failure patients and others, 693 but a few considerations are worthwhile to consider....
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...patient characteristics, including LVEF [573, 574]....
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"2013 ESC Guidelines on cardiac paci..." refers methods in this paper
...Imaging techniques may be able to identify those patients who will respond favourably to CRT.w114,w115 A sub-analysis of data collected in the CARE-HF trial showed that an interventricular mechanical delay (measured as the time difference between onset of pulmonary and aortic flow in pulsed wave Doppler spectral recordings) ≥49.2 ms was an independent predictor of response to CRT.w116 Many observational studies have demonstrated that the presence of LV dyssynchrony is associated with improved outcomes in patients treated with CRT....
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...It is important to emphasize that the use of AV junction ablation was highly variable between the different studies, ranging from 15%97 to 100%.90 The decision to perform AV junction ablation is still a matter of debate but most studies demonstrate a beneficial effect of enhancing the effects of CRT.98– 102 In these studies, patients with AF without AV junction ablation had a worse response to CRT than patients in SR or AF with AV junction ablation....
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...There were few clinical events with a trend in favour of CRT....
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...Pre-specified subgroup analyses of data collected in the MADIT-CRT, REVERSE and Resynchronization–Defibrillation for Ambulatory Heart Failure Trial (RAFT) trials demonstrated that patients with a QRS duration ≥150 ms benefited most from CRT.50,61,62 Meta-analyses using aggregate data from randomized trials showed that CRT was effective in reducing adverse clinical events in patients with baseline QRS duration ≥150 ms and suggested that CRT might not reduce events in patients with a QRS ,150 ms.58 Sub-group analyses based on QRS morphology in the MADIT-CRT, RAFT and REVERSE trials,48,50,62,63 and a meta-analysis of COMPANION, CARE-HF, MADIT-CRT and RAFT,64 suggested that patients with complete LBBB (defined in Web Table 11) showed a greater benefit on the composite of morbidity/mortality from CRT, compared with patients with non-specific IVCD or RBBB....
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...Post-hoc analyser fra disse studier har vist, at undergruppen af patienter med QRS 120-150 ms i gennemsnit ikke profiterer af CRT. Der er imidlertid ikke et studie der direkte tester effekten af CRT på patienter med QRS 120-150 ms. Det er nyligt dokumenteret i EchoCRT studiet, at CRT ikke er gavnligt ved kort QRS (gennemsnitligt QRS 105 ms i studiet)....
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