28 GHz millimeter wave cellular communication measurements for reflection and penetration loss in and around buildings in New York city
Citations
6,708 citations
Cites background or methods from "28 GHz millimeter wave cellular com..."
...5 dBi gains with 10 half power beamwidth [28]....
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...No signal detected denotes an outage, where penetration loss is greater than 74 dB relative to a 5 m free space test [28]....
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...We conducted penetration and reflection measurements at 28 GHz throughout the summer of 2012 in New York City [28]....
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...The black cross denotes an outage [28]....
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...Images of the 28 GHz reflection measurement for outdoor tinted glass at ORH (top left), outdoor concrete wall at ORH (top right), penetration loss measurement for indoor clear non-tinted glass at MTC (bottom left) and tinted glass at ORH (bottom right) [28]....
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2,452 citations
Cites background from "28 GHz millimeter wave cellular com..."
...Also, the human body and many outdoor materials being very reflective allow them to be important scatterers for mmW propagation [28], [30]....
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...Reasonable coverage will require that mmW cells be placed indoors [30], [32]....
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...For example, materials such as brick can attenuate signals by as much as 40–80 dB [8], [30], [56]–[58] and the human body itself can result in a 20–35-dB loss [59]....
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...In practice, both cell types will likely need to coexist [30]....
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2,405 citations
Cites background from "28 GHz millimeter wave cellular com..."
...Along with the aforementioned laboratory measurements, there have been recent studies regarding the outdoor channel propagation characteristics that have shown the potential for utilizing higher frequency bands for cellular communications [10] [11] [12] [13] [14]....
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2,380 citations
Cites background from "28 GHz millimeter wave cellular com..."
...Materials such as brick can attenuate mmWave signals by as much as 40 to 80 dB [14], [47], [54]–[56] and the human body itself can result in a 20 to 35 dB loss [57]....
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...This allows them to be important scatterers to enable coverage via NLOS paths for cellular systems [50], [56]....
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2,102 citations
References
17,102 citations
"28 GHz millimeter wave cellular com..." refers methods in this paper
...By comparing transmitted power to reflected power measured from a material or obstruction under test, the magnitude of the reflection coefficient |Γ||| for a vertically polarized plane wave can be computed from (1) [13][14]: |Γ||| = √ |Er|2 120π A √ |Ei|2 120πA = √ |Er|2√ |Ei|2 = |Er|…...
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2,487 citations
"28 GHz millimeter wave cellular com..." refers background in this paper
...…years, the demand for high speed cellular data and the need for more spectrum have motivated the use of millimeter wave (mm-wave) carrier frequencies for future cellular networks, where high gain adaptive antennas, MIMO, and spatial beamforming can be implemented in very small form factors…...
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1,813 citations
"28 GHz millimeter wave cellular com..." refers methods in this paper
...transmitted power to reflected power measured from a material or obstruction under test, the magnitude of the reflection coefficient |Γ||| for a vertically polarized plane wave can be computed from (1) [13][14]:...
[...]
907 citations
"28 GHz millimeter wave cellular com..." refers background in this paper
...…years, the demand for high speed cellular data and the need for more spectrum have motivated the use of millimeter wave (mm-wave) carrier frequencies for future cellular networks, where high gain adaptive antennas, MIMO, and spatial beamforming can be implemented in very small form factors…...
[...]
650 citations