Book•
3G Evolution : HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband
31 Jul 2007-
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a very up-to-date and practical book, written by engineers working closely in 3GPP, gives insight into the newest technologies and standards adopted by threeGPP with detailed explanations of the specific solutions chosen and their implementation in HSPA and LTE.
Abstract: This very up-to-date and practical book, written by engineers working closely in 3GPP, gives insight into the newest technologies and standards adopted by 3GPP, with detailed explanations of the specific solutions chosen and their implementation in HSPA and LTE. The key technologies presented include multi-carrier transmission, advanced single-carrier transmission, advanced receivers, OFDM, MIMO and adaptive antenna solutions, advanced radio resource management and protocols, and different radio network architectures. Their role and use in the context of mobile broadband access in general is explained. Both a high-level overview and more detailed step-by-step explanations of HSPA and LTE implementation are given. An overview of other related systems such as TD SCDMA, CDMA2000, and WIMAX is also provided.This is a 'must-have' resource for engineers and other professionals working with cellular or wireless broadband technologies who need to know how to utilize the new technology to stay ahead of the competition.The authors of the book all work at Ericsson Research and are deeply involved in 3G development and standardisation since the early days of 3G research. They are leading experts in the field and are today still actively contributing to the standardisation of both HSPA and LTE within 3GPP. * Gives the first explanation of the radio access technologies and key international standards for moving to the next stage of 3G evolution: fully operational mobile broadband* Describes the new technologies selected by the 3GPP to realise High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) and Long Term Evolution (LTE) for mobile broadband * Gives both higher-level overviews and detailed explanations of HSPA and LTE as specified by 3GPP
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18 Apr 2010
TL;DR: The major downlink MIMO modes in 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) and their related channel state information (CSI) modes are presented and the total performance degradation of realistic CSI reporting is at a surprisingly low 20% compared to full, recent channel knowledge.
Abstract: For downlink multiple input multiple output (MIMO) schemes, there is a tradeoff between downlink MIMO performance and uplink reporting cost. The mobile speed has an impact on this tradeoff since the reporting delays the measurements. This paper presents the major downlink MIMO modes in 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) and their related channel state information (CSI) modes. The impact of realistic CSI is investigated through advanced system simulations, showing that the total performance degradation of realistic CSI reporting is at a surprisingly low 20% compared to full, recent channel knowledge. With realistic CSI reporting, a selected set of promising 2x2 MIMO applications are evaluated at different mobile speeds. The open-loop spatial multiplexing mode offers unexpectedly high cell throughput despite its limited feedback requirement. It performs well for a wide range of speeds, as it provides good robustness to delayed channel knowledge. Bitrates can only be further improved by closed-loop spatial multiplexing in stationary scenarios, where CSI delay does not hamper the precoding gain. These results confirm that there are MIMO modes suitable for both high and low speeds.
10 citations
Cites methods from "3G Evolution : HSPA and LTE for Mob..."
...All single-user MIMO modes include precoding in some shape, either using a fixed set of precoder matrices (so-called codebook-based precoding) or selecting precoders without any restriction (so-called noncodebook-based precoding)....
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TL;DR: RBF using a non-orthogonal beamforming matrix (RBF NOBM) is presented, demonstrating an efficient search of random beams correlated with the channel matrix of selected users over a small number of users.
Abstract: The signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) feedback has been utilized in random beamforming (RBF) to select users for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems where a large number of users are required to obtain a multi-user diversity gain. However, if the number of users is not large enough, it may be difficult to obtain the performance gain and be easy to have a performance degradation conversely. To resolve this problem, it is necessary to find orthogonal random beams close to the channel matrix of selected users. In this paper, we present RBF using a non-orthogonal beamforming matrix (RBF NOBM), demonstrating an efficient search of random beams correlated with the channel matrix of selected users over a small number of users. For single user RBF using NOBM (SU-RBF NOBM) with two transmit antennas, the beamforming matrix for user data service is obtained through closed form expressions, and SU-RBF NOBM is then expanded to more than two transmit antennas. We also propose user selection algorithms for SU-RBF NOBM and multi-user RBF using NOBM (MU-RBF NOBM). Via simulation results, we demonstrate that the performances of RBF NOBM represent significant improvements compared to conventional beamforming schemes.
10 citations
Cites background from "3G Evolution : HSPA and LTE for Mob..."
...THROUGHPUT improvement in micro-cells is an important issue in third-generation partnership project long term evolution (3GPP-LTE) and 3GPP LTE-Advanced systems [1][2][3]....
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...In 3GPP LTE-Advanced, most proposed schemes are simulated for NT = NR with an even number of antennas [1][2][3][22]....
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25 Nov 2013
TL;DR: A novel strategy to optimize the resource block allocation by using the genetic algorithm approach and maximizing channel capacity is introduced that will avoid spectral efficiency and overloaded cell-edge users.
Abstract: The universal frequency reuse has been targeted for the Long Term Evolution. It leads to a harmful inter-cell interference experienced notably by the cell-edge users. The uplink inter-cell interference coordination becomes among the most important challenges. Throughout literature, many techniques were proposed to overcome this issue. Among these techniques, the soft frequency reuse concept grasped many attentions. Certainly, it succeeded in reducing the interference for edge-cell users by prohibiting the allocation of the same RB to two users in adjacent cells-edge. However, it presents several drawbacks in terms of spectral efficiency and overloaded cell-edge users. The most proposed approaches are based on this scheme. In this context, this study introduces a novel strategy that will avoid these shortcomings. Our idea aims to optimize the resource block allocation by using the genetic algorithm approach and maximizing channel capacity. We exploit information exchanged over the X2 interface. Simulation results show the effectiveness of our proposed approach.
10 citations
Cites background from "3G Evolution : HSPA and LTE for Mob..."
...The LTE system supports the flexibility of the bandwidth size BW and for each size there is a certain number of RBs NRB ....
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...When NRB = 15 (see Figure 8), the set of solution is smaller and the RBAwGA reaches the convergence and, then, gives the optimal solution in a reasonable number of iterations....
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...Then, the chromosome’s length Lch is equal to NRB ....
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...Table I shows the possibility of RB Allocation (NRBA) according to NRB [8]....
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...We suppose that the available RBs are enumerated from 1 to NRB ....
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26 Mar 2014
TL;DR: Results show that the model implemented in Matlab faithfully adopts the advantages introduced in the LTE system.
Abstract: In this paper we investigate a comprehensive analysis of Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE) downlink (DL) physical layer performance using Multi Input Multi Output channel (MIMO) based on standard parameters. The work consists firstly in modeling LTE physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH). The developed model is based on an independent functional blocks in order to facilitate reproduction of signal processing techniques results used in LTE and particularly to evaluate the physical layer downlink components. Thereafter, it was integrated in the simulator, basic structure with AWGN channel including evaluation of using diversity and spatial multiplexing transmissions on downlink connections and multipath fading channel model. The simulation examples are illustrated with different digital modulation and MIMO scheme. BER and throughput results with multipath impact on transmission channel quality are also considered. These results show that the model implemented in Matlab faithfully advantages introduced in the LTE system.
10 citations
Cites methods from "3G Evolution : HSPA and LTE for Mob..."
...In Release 8, LTE system [1, 2] was standardized by 3GPP as the successor of Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS)....
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01 Nov 2010
TL;DR: An analytical model to model the behavior of the HARQ-ARQ Interaction for the LTE system is proposed and validated against the simulation experiments that provide more performance metrics (which cannot be obtained through the analytical model).
Abstract: The 3GPP working group proposes the Long-Term Evolution (LTE) system as the 4G mobile communications technology. To reduce the transmission latency in the radio access network, Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN), of LTE, the base station and radio network controller are merged into a single network node, namely eNB. In E-UTRAN, the Stop-And-Wait Hybrid ARQ (SAW-HARQ) protocol in the Media Access Control (MAC) layer deals with transmission errors without the need to engage the ARQ protocol in the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer. The HARQ and ARQ protocols interact only in case of dealing HARQ residual errors. In this paper, we propose an analytical model to model the behavior of the HARQ–ARQ Interaction. Our analytical model is validated against the simulation experiments that provide more performance metrics (which cannot be obtained through our analytical model). Finally, we investigate the impacts of the HARQ–ARQ Interaction on the Protocol Data Unit (PDU) transmission delay based on our simulation experiments. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The 3GPP working group proposes the Long-Term Evolution (LTE) system as the 4G mobile communications technology. In this paper, we propose an analytical model to model the behavior of the HARQ-ARQ Interaction for the LTE system.
10 citations
Cites background from "3G Evolution : HSPA and LTE for Mob..."
...The PDU transmission error caused by noise or interference [7] (e....
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...‡Note that UE determines whether a PDU is correctly received or not by checking the Cyclic Redundance Check (CRC) field [7]....
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