Book•
3G Evolution : HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband
31 Jul 2007-
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a very up-to-date and practical book, written by engineers working closely in 3GPP, gives insight into the newest technologies and standards adopted by threeGPP with detailed explanations of the specific solutions chosen and their implementation in HSPA and LTE.
Abstract: This very up-to-date and practical book, written by engineers working closely in 3GPP, gives insight into the newest technologies and standards adopted by 3GPP, with detailed explanations of the specific solutions chosen and their implementation in HSPA and LTE. The key technologies presented include multi-carrier transmission, advanced single-carrier transmission, advanced receivers, OFDM, MIMO and adaptive antenna solutions, advanced radio resource management and protocols, and different radio network architectures. Their role and use in the context of mobile broadband access in general is explained. Both a high-level overview and more detailed step-by-step explanations of HSPA and LTE implementation are given. An overview of other related systems such as TD SCDMA, CDMA2000, and WIMAX is also provided.This is a 'must-have' resource for engineers and other professionals working with cellular or wireless broadband technologies who need to know how to utilize the new technology to stay ahead of the competition.The authors of the book all work at Ericsson Research and are deeply involved in 3G development and standardisation since the early days of 3G research. They are leading experts in the field and are today still actively contributing to the standardisation of both HSPA and LTE within 3GPP. * Gives the first explanation of the radio access technologies and key international standards for moving to the next stage of 3G evolution: fully operational mobile broadband* Describes the new technologies selected by the 3GPP to realise High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) and Long Term Evolution (LTE) for mobile broadband * Gives both higher-level overviews and detailed explanations of HSPA and LTE as specified by 3GPP
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05 Mar 2015
TL;DR: Packet scheduling schemes for LTE systems are studied in implication to real-time services such as online video streaming and Voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP), with results that will help researchers to design more efficient scheduling schemes, aiming to get better overall system performance.
Abstract: The revolution in high-speed broadband network is the requirement of the current time, in other words here is an unceasing demand for high data rate and mobility. Both provider and customer see, the long time evolution (LTE) could be the promising technology for providing broadband, mobile Internet access. To provide better quality of service (QoS) to customers, the resources must be utilized at its fullest impeccable way. Resource scheduling is one of the important functions for remanufacturing or upgrading system performance. This paper studies the recently proposed packet scheduling schemes for LTE systems. The study has been concentrated in implication to real-time services such as online video streaming and Voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP). For performance study, the LTE-Sim simulator is used. The primary objective of this paper is to provide results that will help researchers to design more efficient scheduling schemes, aiming to get better overall system performance. For the simulation study, two scenarios, one for video traffic and other for VoIP have been created. Various performances metric such as packet loss, fairness, end-to-end (E2E) delay, cell throughput and spectral efficiency has been measured for both the scenarios varying numbers of users. In the light of the simulation result analysis, the frame level scheduler (FLS) algorithms outperform other, by balancing the QoS requirements for multimedia services.
4 citations
Cites background from "3G Evolution : HSPA and LTE for Mob..."
...Scheduling Strategy Scheduling Type Service Target Service Type PF [3] Opportunistic Based Maximize throughput while maintaining fairness Non Real Time M-LWDF [4] Opportunistic and Delay Based Maximize throughput by ensuring delay Real Time EXP-PF [5] Opportunistic Based Maximize throughput by ensuring delay Real Time FLS [6] Fairness Based Ensure delay and a good level of fairness Real Time EXP-Rule [7] Throughput Based Maintains lower delay compromising throughput Real Time LOG-Rule [8] Throughput Based Maximize throughput and balanced QoS Real Time Round-Robin (RR) [15] Fairness Based Maximize fairness (but throughput degrades) Both Max-Rate [16] Throughput Based Maximized throughput (but results in low fairness) Both...
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01 Dec 2011
TL;DR: This paper investigates the optimum PUCCH structure with SRS transmission based on BS-CDMA in the uplink and proposes two schemes: one removes the ACK/NACK symbol and the other removes the demodulation RS symbol that are evaluated by computer simulation considering discontinuous transmission (DTX) detection at the base station receiver.
Abstract: In LTE-Advanced, carrier aggregation (CA) employing multiple component carriers (CCs) is supported, and multiple acknowledgement (ACK)/ negative ACK (NACK) bits associated with multiple CCs are required. In order to convey multiple ACK/NACK bits for downlink CA, a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) based on block spread code division multiple access (BS-CDMA) is used in the LTE-Advanced uplink. There are two PUCCH structures depending on the presence of a sounding reference signal (SRS), which is used to measure the uplink channel quality. In the subframe with SRS transmission, the last symbol in each PUCCH is removed to avoid simultaneous transmissions of the ACK/NACK and SRS so that the single-carrier property is sustained. In this paper, we investigate the optimum PUCCH structure with SRS transmission based on BS-CDMA in the uplink. We propose two schemes: one removes the ACK/NACK symbol and the other removes the demodulation RS symbol. The ACK/NACK performance for these two schemes is evaluated by computer simulation considering discontinuous transmission (DTX) detection at the base station receiver.
4 citations
Cites background from "3G Evolution : HSPA and LTE for Mob..."
...LTE provides full IP packet-based radio access with low latency and adopts an intracell orthogonal multiple access scheme such as orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) and singlecarrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) in the downlink and uplink, respectively [2],[3]....
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06 May 2015
TL;DR: PQ-TCP is proposed, a method that predicts the queue length directly by predicting the bandwidth variations over the ensuing period of time equal to the propagation delay and using post-bandwidth analysis to minimize the prediction error.
Abstract: Knowledge of the queue length for a radio link in a mobile data network has a significant effect on the performance of the communication protocol TCP. If the queue length can be accurately estimated and regulated to a target value, then low end-to-end delay and high bandwidth utilization can be achieved. One method for estimating and regulating the queue length is the queue-length-based congestion control (QCC) algorithm. However, this algorithm estimates the queue length over one RTT interval prior to transmission, and the actual queue length after that time can differ significantly, because the bandwidth can vary substantially between the neighboring propagation delays, which could result in a false positive in the queue length adaption, thereby affecting the QoS performance. To address this problem, we propose PQ-TCP, a method that predicts the queue length directly by predicting the bandwidth variations over the ensuing period of time equal to the propagation delay and using post-bandwidth analysis to minimize the prediction error. Trace-driven simulations are used to show that the QoS performance of PQ-TCP is superior to that of current QCC algorithms. PQ-TCP achieves the lowest RTT while maintaining nearly 90% bandwidth utilization for a small target queue length of 5 packets.
4 citations
Cites background from "3G Evolution : HSPA and LTE for Mob..."
...Keywords Queue length, bandwidth prediction, TCP, mobile data networks, uplink delay variation...
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01 Sep 2018
TL;DR: Three different FFT TF implementations were presented in this paper, with results of the three implementations reported on both Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and Application Specific Integrated Chip (ASIC) level.
Abstract: The design of 32-bit floating-point Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) Twiddle Factor (TF) is proposed in this paper. The architecture was developed based on the adaptive algorithm of COordinate Rotation DIgital Computer (CORDIC). The CORDIC method is a well-known approach for approximating the complex-number multiplication in FFT implementations, also known as TF. An iterative process does the calculations of adaptive CORDIC. Therefore, by limiting the number of iterations, the accuracy performances can be sacrificed for the better outcome of throughput rates. As a result, there are three different FFT TF implementations were presented in this paper. They are TF-4, TF-8, and TF-16 for the design of TF implemented on four, eight, and 16 iteration limitations, respectively. The results of the three implementations were reported on both Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and Application Specific Integrated Chip (ASIC) level. The FPGA results were examined on the Altera Stratix IV development kit, and the ASIC results were reported by the Synopsys tools with the Silicon On Thin Buried-oxide (SOTB) 65nm process library.
4 citations
Cites methods from "3G Evolution : HSPA and LTE for Mob..."
...For instance, FFT was becoming an indispensable function in wireless and communication systems such as WiMAX [2], 3GPP-LTE [3], MIMO [4], CDMA [5], OFDM [6], and WLAN [7]....
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01 Nov 2014
TL;DR: This work provides a holistic approach of cross-layer optimizations with the intent of maximizing SE by combining AMC and HARQ, and formulates closed-form equations for calculating the average SE for wireless systems with the Rayleigh fading channel model.
Abstract: To improve the robustness and reliability of wireless transmissions, two complementary link adaptation techniques are employed: adaptive modulation and coding AMC at the physical layer and hybrid automatic retransmission request HARQ at the medium access control layer. Because of their effectiveness in combating errors induced by the wireless channel, AMC and HARQ are now integral components of most emerging broadband wireless system standards, for example, LTE and WiMAX. Spectral efficiency SE as measured in bit per second per Hertz is one important parameter used to characterize a wireless system for comparison between different systems or between different configurations of the same system. This work provides a holistic approach of cross-layer optimizations with the intent of maximizing SE by combining AMC and HARQ. It formulates closed-form equations for calculating the average SE for wireless systems with the Rayleigh fading channel model. A new online algorithm is developed to optimize SE for both Rayleigh and non-Rayleigh fading channel. Simulations using proven LTE model are performed to compare SE obtained from closed-form equations and the developed algorithm for different system configurations. With the developed algorithm to determine how many retransmissions required in addition to the initial transmission in advance depending on the current wireless channel condition, the latency can be reduced up to 24ms when sending the initial transmission and all of its retransmissions sooner than waiting for retransmission requests as is done previously. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
4 citations
Cites methods from "3G Evolution : HSPA and LTE for Mob..."
...The PDCP implements the robust header compression (ROHC) protocol to reduce transmission delay [13]....
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