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3G Evolution : HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a very up-to-date and practical book, written by engineers working closely in 3GPP, gives insight into the newest technologies and standards adopted by threeGPP with detailed explanations of the specific solutions chosen and their implementation in HSPA and LTE.
Abstract: This very up-to-date and practical book, written by engineers working closely in 3GPP, gives insight into the newest technologies and standards adopted by 3GPP, with detailed explanations of the specific solutions chosen and their implementation in HSPA and LTE. The key technologies presented include multi-carrier transmission, advanced single-carrier transmission, advanced receivers, OFDM, MIMO and adaptive antenna solutions, advanced radio resource management and protocols, and different radio network architectures. Their role and use in the context of mobile broadband access in general is explained. Both a high-level overview and more detailed step-by-step explanations of HSPA and LTE implementation are given. An overview of other related systems such as TD SCDMA, CDMA2000, and WIMAX is also provided.This is a 'must-have' resource for engineers and other professionals working with cellular or wireless broadband technologies who need to know how to utilize the new technology to stay ahead of the competition.The authors of the book all work at Ericsson Research and are deeply involved in 3G development and standardisation since the early days of 3G research. They are leading experts in the field and are today still actively contributing to the standardisation of both HSPA and LTE within 3GPP. * Gives the first explanation of the radio access technologies and key international standards for moving to the next stage of 3G evolution: fully operational mobile broadband* Describes the new technologies selected by the 3GPP to realise High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) and Long Term Evolution (LTE) for mobile broadband * Gives both higher-level overviews and detailed explanations of HSPA and LTE as specified by 3GPP
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present results of the studies on how much Carbon footprint such networks generate and how much more mobile traffic is expected to increase so that this Carbon footprint will even increase tremendously more.
Abstract: Conventional cellular wireless networks were designed with the purpose of providing high throughput for the user and high capacity for the service provider, without any provisions of energy efficiency. As a result, these networks have an enormous Carbon footprint. In this paper, we describe the sources of the inefficiencies in such networks. First we present results of the studies on how much Carbon footprint such networks generate. We also discuss how much more mobile traffic is expected to increase so that this Carbon footprint will even increase tremendously more. We then discuss specific sources of inefficiency and potential sources of improvement at the physical layer as well as at higher layers of the communication protocol hierarchy. In particular, considering that most of the energy inefficiency in cellular wireless networks is at the base stations, we discuss multi-tier networks and point to the potential of exploiting mobility patterns in order to use base station energy judiciously. We then investigate potential methods to reduce this inefficiency and quantify their individual contributions. By a consideration of the combination of all potential gains, we conclude that an improvement in energy consumption in cellular wireless networks by two orders of magnitude, or even more, is possible.

62 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Mika Rinne1, Olav Tirkkonen1
TL;DR: The most important characteristics of LTE; its simplified network architecture which allows ultimate means for adaptation of the radio transmission to the Internet packet traffic flows and to the varying channel states are discussed.

60 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work presents a traffic-light-related approach to autonomous self-optimization of tradeoff performance indicators in LTE multitier networks by introducing a low-complexity interference approximation model and embedded into a self-organized network operation and optimization framework.
Abstract: Self-organizing networks promise significant expenditure savings for operators when rolling out modern cellular network infrastructure, such as Long-Term Evolution (LTE) and LTE-Advanced systems. Savings in capital expenditures (CAPEX) and operational expenditures (OPEX) can be achieved in both the network deployment and network operation phase. Particularly, self-organized optimization of network coverage and network capacity is a key challenge to cope with the boost in mobile data traffic that is expected in the next years and to benefit from the growing market. We present a traffic-light-related approach to autonomous self-optimization of tradeoff performance indicators in LTE multitier networks. Introducing a low-complexity interference approximation model, the related optimization problem is formulated as a mixed-integer linear program and is embedded into a self-organized network operation and optimization framework. Tuning site activity, transmission power, and antenna downtilt are parameters of eNodeBs and Home eNodeBs. The optimization procedure is carried out considering time-variant optimization parameters that are automatically adapted with respect to changes in the network. Simulation-based evaluation of representative case studies demonstrates applicability and the benefit potential of our overall concept.

59 citations


Cites background from "3G Evolution : HSPA and LTE for Mob..."

  • ...Concerning self-organized LTE MTNs (SO-MTNs), relevant 3GPP specifications are covered by different releases: LTE Release 8 contains fundamental specifications for LTE systems that are currently deployed by most operators [2], [10]....

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  • ...2256441 Evolution/System Architecture Evolution (LTE/SAE) standard [2] and its extension LTE-Advanced [3]....

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  • ...According to the LTE system specification, 16 channel quality indicators (CQIs) are distinguished [2]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A novel method for estimation of the receive-side spatial covariance matrix of a channel from a sequence of power measurements made in different angular directions is presented and it is shown that maximum likelihood estimation ofThe covariance Matrix reduces to a non-negative matrix completion problem.
Abstract: The tremendous bandwidth available in the millimeter wave frequencies above 10 GHz have made these bands an attractive candidate for next-generation cellular systems However, reliable communication at these frequencies depends critically on beamforming with very high-dimensional antenna arrays Estimating the channel sufficiently accurately to perform beamforming can be challenging due to both low coherence time and a large number of antennas Also, the measurements used for channel estimation may need to be made with analog beamforming, where the receiver can “look” in only one direction at a time This paper presents a novel method for estimation of the receive-side spatial covariance matrix of a channel from a sequence of power measurements made in different angular directions It is shown that maximum likelihood estimation of the covariance matrix reduces to a non-negative matrix completion problem We show that the non-negative nature of the covariance matrix reduces the number of measurements required when the matrix is low-rank The fast iterative methods are presented to solve the problem Simulations are presented for both single-path and multi-path channels using models derived from real measurements in New York City at 28 GHz

59 citations


Cites background from "3G Evolution : HSPA and LTE for Mob..."

  • ...Now, in the current LTE standard [47], the base station broadcasts a synchornization signal once every five milliseconds....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study presents a simulation tool for LTE femtocells, implemented as a module of the emerging open source LTE-sim framework, and suggests that this new module can be very interesting for the research community, due to its great flexibility and limited computational cost.
Abstract: Long-term evolution (LTE) femtocells represent a very promising answer to the ever growing bandwidth demand of mobile applications. They can be easily deployed without requiring a centralized planning, to provide high data rate connectivity with a limited coverage. In this way, the overall capacity of the cellular network can be greatly improved. At the same time, the uncoordinated setup of femtocells poses new issues that require a deep and thorough analysis before spreading this technology worldwide. Unfortunately, to the best of our knowledge, no accurate simulation tools are freely available for enabling this kind of investigation. Thus, we present in this study a simulation tool for LTE femtocells, implemented as a module of the emerging open source LTE-sim framework. It encompasses heterogeneous scenarios with both macro and femtocells, spectrum allocation techniques, user mobility, femtocell access policies, and several other features related to this promising technology. After reviewing the status of the art on LTE femtocells, we detail the description of the module that we propose with a major emphasis on the newly devised loss models for indoor scenarios, the new network topology objects, and the most significant enhancements to the simulator protocol stack. Furthermore, to provide a clear understanding of the practical utility of this new simulator, we investigate two indoor and urban scenarios. A scalability test is also presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed tool in terms of processing requirements. All presented results suggest that this new module can be very interesting for the research community, due to its great flexibility and limited computational cost.

59 citations


Cites background from "3G Evolution : HSPA and LTE for Mob..."

  • ...For all the aforementioned spectrum configurations, we compared the behavior of well-known packet schedulers: the proportional fair (PF) [3], the logarithmic (LOG) rule...

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  • ...instead, is based on orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), which provides high flexibility in terms of scheduling and interference management [3]....

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  • ..., WiMAX [2] and LTE [3]) are able to enhance the performance of currently used 3G systems, they might not be able to sustain the expected raise of the traffic volume....

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