4a-Hy-droxy-9-(2-meth-oxy-phen-yl)-4,4a,5,6,7,8,9,9a-octa-hydro-3H-xanthene-1,8(2H)-dione.
01 Jan 2011-Acta Crystallographica Section E-structure Reports Online (International Union of Crystallography)-Vol. 67, Iss: 1
TL;DR: In this paper, an S(6) ring motif is formed by an intra-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bond, which contributes to the stabilization of the molcone.
Abstract: In the title compound, C20H22O5, an S(6) ring motif is formed by an intramolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bond, which contributes to the stabilization of the molecule. In the xanthene system, the cyclohexane ring adopts a chair conformation, the cyclohexene ring adopts a half-boat conformation and the tetrahydropyran ring adopts a half-chair conformation. The mean plane of the four essentially planar atoms of the tetrahydropyran ring [r.m.s deviation = 0.092 (1) A] forms a dihedral angle of 64.13 (6)° with the mean plane of the methoxyphenyl group. In the crystal, intermolecular O—H⋯O and weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link molecules into chains along the a axis, which are further stabilized by C—H⋯π interactions.
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TL;DR: In this article, a bis-napthoquinone derivatives (5a-o) were synthesized through a multi-component cascade reaction of two molecules of 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphtho-quinone with an aromatic aldehyde in basic media using triethylamine as a catalyst.
22 citations
TL;DR: In the title compound, C20H22O5, the tetrahydropyran, cyclo hexene and cyclohexane rings of the xanthene ring system adopt half-chair, half-boat and chair conformations, respectively, which are consolidated by weak C—H⋯π interactions.
Abstract: In the title compound, C20H22O5, the tetrahydropyran, cyclohexene and cyclohexane rings of the xanthene ring system adopt half-chair, half-boat and chair conformations, respectively. The mean plane of the four roughly planar atoms of the tetrahydropyran ring (r.m.s. deviation = 0.111 A) forms a dihedral angle of 82.91 (4)° with the methoxybenzene group. In the crystal, molecules are linked via O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into sheets lying parallel to the ac plane. The crystal is further consolidated by weak C—H⋯π interactions.
3 citations
TL;DR: The title compound, C19H20O5, was synthesized by the reaction of 1,3-cyclohexanedione and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde in the presence of PdCl2 and thiourea to form tetrahydropyran ring and the six-membered cyclohexene ring adopt envelope conformations.
Abstract: The title compound, C19H20O5, was synthesized by the reaction of 1,3-cyclohexanedione and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde in the presence of PdCl2 and thiourea. The tetrahydropyran ring and the six-membered cyclohexene ring adopt envelope conformations, and the six-membered cyclohexane ring is in a chair conformation. The crystal packing is stabilized by classical intermolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and weak C—H⋯O interactions.
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TL;DR: This paper could serve as a general literature citation when one or more of the open-source SH ELX programs (and the Bruker AXS version SHELXTL) are employed in the course of a crystal-structure determination.
Abstract: An account is given of the development of the SHELX system of computer programs from SHELX-76 to the present day. In addition to identifying useful innovations that have come into general use through their implementation in SHELX, a critical analysis is presented of the less-successful features, missed opportunities and desirable improvements for future releases of the software. An attempt is made to understand how a program originally designed for photographic intensity data, punched cards and computers over 10000 times slower than an average modern personal computer has managed to survive for so long. SHELXL is the most widely used program for small-molecule refinement and SHELXS and SHELXD are often employed for structure solution despite the availability of objectively superior programs. SHELXL also finds a niche for the refinement of macromolecules against high-resolution or twinned data; SHELXPRO acts as an interface for macromolecular applications. SHELXC, SHELXD and SHELXE are proving useful for the experimental phasing of macromolecules, especially because they are fast and robust and so are often employed in pipelines for high-throughput phasing. This paper could serve as a general literature citation when one or more of the open-source SHELX programs (and the Bruker AXS version SHELXTL) are employed in the course of a crystal-structure determination.
81,116 citations
TL;DR: This paper reports on the current status of structure validation in chemical crystallography and describes the current state of research in this area.
Abstract: Automated structure validation was introduced in chemical crystallography about 12 years ago as a tool to assist practitioners with the exponential growth in crystal structure analyses. Validation has since evolved into an easy-to-use checkCIF/PLATON web-based IUCr service. The result of a crystal structure determination has to be supplied as a CIF-formatted computer-readable file. The checking software tests the data in the CIF for completeness, quality and consistency. In addition, the reported structure is checked for incomplete analysis, errors in the analysis and relevant issues to be verified. A validation report is generated in the form of a list of ALERTS on the issues to be corrected, checked or commented on. Structure validation has largely eliminated obvious problems with structure reports published in IUCr journals, such as refinement in a space group of too low symmetry. This paper reports on the current status of structure validation and possible future extensions.
13,163 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the most promising systematic approaches to resolving this enigma was initially developed by the late M. C. Etter, who applied graph theory to recognize, and then utilize, patterns of hydrogen bonding for the understanding and design of molecular crystals.
Abstract: Whereas much of organic chemistry has classically dealt with the preparation and study of the properties of individual molecules, an increasingly significant portion of the activity in chemical research involves understanding and utilizing the nature of the interactions between molecules. Two representative areas of this evolution are supramolecular chemistry and molecular recognition. The interactions between molecules are governed by intermolecular forces whose energetic and geometric properties are much less well understood than those of classical chemical bonds between atoms. Among the strongest of these interactions, however, are hydrogen bonds, whose directional properties are better understood on the local level (that is, for a single hydrogen bond) than many other types of non-bonded interactions. Nevertheless, the means by which to characterize, understand, and predict the consequences of many hydrogen bonds among molecules, and the resulting formation of molecular aggregates (on the microscopic scale) or crystals (on the macroscopic scale) has remained largely enigmatic. One of the most promising systematic approaches to resolving this enigma was initially developed by the late M. C. Etter, who applied graph theory to recognize, and then utilize, patterns of hydrogen bonding for the understanding and design of molecular crystals. In working with Etter's original ideas the power and potential utility of this approach on one hand, and on the other, the need to develop and extend the initial Etter formalism was generally recognized. It with that latter purpose that we originally undertook the present review.
7,616 citations
TL;DR: The average lengths of bonds involving the elements H, B, C, N, O, F, Si, P, S, Cl, As, Se, Br, Te, and l in organic compounds are reported in this article.
Abstract: The average lengths of bonds involving the elements H, B, C, N, O, F, Si, P, S, Cl, As, Se, Br, Te, and l in organic compounds are reported.
6,649 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a unique mean plane is defined for a general monocyclic puckered ring, which is described by amplitude and phase coordinates which are generalizations of those introduced for cyclopentane by Kilpatrick, Pitzer, and Spitzer.
Abstract: A unique mean plane is defined for a general monocyclic puckered ring. The geometry of the puckering relative to this plane is described by amplitude and phase coordinates which are generalizations of those introduced for cyclopentane by Kilpatrick, Pitzer, and Spitzer. Unlike earlier treatments based on torsion angles, no mathematical approximations are involved. A short treatment of the four-, five-, and six-membered ring demonstrates the usefulness of this concept. Finally, an example is given of the analysis of crystallographic structural data in terms of these coordinates. Although the nonplanar character of closed rings in many cyclic compounds has been widely recognized for many years, there remain some difficulties in its quantitative specification. An important first step was taken by Kilpatrick, Pitzer, and Spitzer in their 1947 discussion of the molecular structure of cyclopentane.' Starting with the normal modes of out-of-plane motions of a planar regular pentagon,* they pointed out that displacement of the j t h carbon atom perpendicular to the plane could be written 2 112 zj = (/'SI 4 COS (2+ + 4 n ( j 11/51 (11 where q is a puckering amplitude and $ is a phase angle describing various kinds of puckering. By considering changes in an empirical potential energy for displacements perpendicular to the original planar form, they gave reasons to believe that the lowest energy was obtained for a nonzero value of q (finite puckering) but that this minimum was largely independent of $. Motion involving a change in fi at constant q was described as pseudorotation. Subsequent refinement of this work has involved models in which constraints to require constant bond lengths are imposed3q4 and extensions to larger rings5-' and some heterocyclic systems are considered.* Although the correctness of the model of Kilpatrick, et a f . , I and the utility of the (q. $) coordinate system is generally accepted, application to a general five-membered ring with unequal bond lengths and angles is not straightforward. Given the Cartesian coordinates for the five atoms (as from a crystal structure), determination of puckering displacements z, requires specification of the plane z = 0. A least-squares choice (minimization of Zz i2) is one possibility, but the five displacements relative to this plane cannot generally be expressed in terms of two parameters q and $ according to eq 1. An attempt to define a generalized set of puckering cordinates which avoids these difficulties was made by Geise, Altona, Romers, and S~ndara l ingam.~l ' Their quantitative description of puckering in five-membered rings involves the five torsion angles 0, rather than displacements perpendicular to some plane. These torsion angles are directly derivable from the atomic coordinates and are all zero in the planar form. They proposed a relationship of the form\
6,526 citations