Book•
4G: LTE/LTE-Advanced for Mobile Broadband
21 Mar 2011-
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on LTE with full updates including LTE-Advanced to provide a complete picture of the LTE system, including the physical layer, access procedures, broadcast, relaying, spectrum and RF characteristics, and system performance.
Abstract: Based on the bestseller "3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for mobile broadband" and reflecting the ongoing success of LTE throughout the world, this book focuses on LTE with full updates including LTE-Advanced to provide a complete picture of the LTE system. Overview and detailed explanations are given for the latest LTE standards for radio interface architecture, the physical layer, access procedures, broadcast, relaying, spectrum and RF characteristics, and system performance. Key technologies presented include multi-carrier transmission, advanced single-carrier transmission, advanced receivers, OFDM, MIMO and adaptive antenna solutions, advanced radio resource management and protocols, and different radio network architectures. Their role and use in the context of mobile broadband access in general is explained. Both a high-level overview and more detailed step-by-step explanations of the LTE/LTE-Advanced implementation are given. An overview of other related systems such as GSM/EDGE, HSPA, CDMA2000, and WIMAX is also provided. This book is a 'must-have' resource for engineers and other professionals in the telecommunications industry, working with cellular or wireless broadband technologies, giving an understanding of how to utilize the new technology in order to stay ahead of the competition. The authors of the book all work at Ericsson Research and have been deeply involved in 3G and 4G development and standardisation since the early days of 3G research. They are leading experts in the field and are today still actively contributing to the standardisation of LTE within 3GPP. Includes full details of the latest additions to the LTE Radio Access standards and technologies up to and including 3GPP Release 10Clear explanations of the role of the underlying technologies for LTE, including OFDM and MIMO Full coverage of LTE-Advanced, including LTE carrier aggregation, extended multi-antenna transmission, relaying functionality and heterogeneous deploymentsLTE radio interface architecture, physical layer, access procedures, MBMS, RF characteristics and system performance covered in detail
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe several basic methods to increase the capacity of 4G cellular wireless networks like LTE-A (Long Term Evolution Advanced ) can be increased by larger bandwidth, higher number of antennas for more spatial multiplexing, reuse of radio cells and in general optimization of the network configuration.
Abstract: As the need for mobile services continues to explode, mobile wireless networks must expand greatly their capacities. The capacity of 4G cellular wireless networks like LTE-A (Long Term Evolution Advanced ) can be increased by larger bandwidth, higher number of antennas for more spatial multiplexing, reuse of radio cells and in general optimisation of the network configuration. Methods of capacity expansion divide into three general categories: the deployment of more radio spectrum, more intensive geographic reuse of spectrum and increasing the throughput capacity of each MHz of spectrum within a given geographic area. The paper describes these several basic methods to intensify mobile wireless capacity. The potentially higher capacity will be achieved only if the whole wireless network can be more flexible to the existing real environment at any time. Appropriate linear or nonlinear flexible AMC (adaptive modulation and coding) techniques which are able to identify these changes are described for wideband linear power amplifier, multiple input multiple output antenna systems, heterogeneous networks and self-organising networks including the corresponding realisation and performance aspects.
9 citations
03 Nov 2013
TL;DR: This paper proposes a new distributed and self-organized solution named Stable Graph Coloring (SGC) scheme, which introduces a temporal PCIs sub-range for newly switched on eNBs, minimizes the impact of Neighbor Cell relations (NCRs) inaccuracy and re-uses PCIs as most as possible.
Abstract: A major challenge pertinent to Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems is the development of self-organized PCI assignment solutions. This paper focuses on this challenge and proposes a new distributed and self-organized solution named Stable Graph Coloring (SGC) scheme. The proposal introduces a temporal PCIs sub-range for newly switched on eNBs, minimizes the impact of Neighbor Cell relations (NCRs) inaccuracy and re-uses PCIs as most as possible. It is evaluated compared to 3 known distributed approaches, namely the Graph Coloring (GC) approach, the LTE standard proposal and the Nokia-Siemens (NS) approach, by means of simulative studies. The studies investigate the impact of network size and the capabilities of stabilizing LTE systems. Our results show that the SGC scheme is slightly outperformed by the NS approach when considering the average number of PCIs conflicts. For the PCIs utilization ratio, the SGC approach is considerably better than the NS scheme. The most important result our proposal realizes is the capability to converge to a steady state while carefully utilizing the PCIs (less than 70% for high densities). Networks with such densities lose their stability when employing the LTE standard proposal and the NS approach.
9 citations
Cites background from "4G: LTE/LTE-Advanced for Mobile Bro..."
...…Cell Identity Assignment Schemes for LTE-Advanced Systems Ali Diab Al-Baath University Sham Street S-Homs Tel: 00963-968-250223 ali.diab@tu-ilmenau.de ABSTRACT A major challenge pertinent to Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems is the development of self-organized PCI assignment solutions....
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...Categories and Subject Descriptors C.2.1 [Computer-Communication Networks]: Network Architecture and Design Distributed networks....
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30 Mar 2015
TL;DR: The impact of using acknowledgments and timer adjustments to recover lost data over LTE on VoIP and FTP applications and the effects of the various LTE retransmission choices on QoS are examined.
Abstract: 4G LTE, the new cellular network standard, provides the capacity to support Quality of Service (QoS) for wireless multimedia applications. Recent developments have modified the LTE QoS setup with MAC layer schedulers and changed its current architecture. However, research has yet to examine the effects of the various LTE retransmission choices on QoS. This paper examines the impact of using acknowledgments and timer adjustments to recover lost data over LTE on VoIP and FTP applications. NS-3 simulations show that LTE retransmissions improve FTP throughput, while the benefit to VoIP applications varies with wireless loss rate.
9 citations
01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: Reliability of data transmission is a fundamental problem in wireless communications and fading in wireless channels causes the signal strength to vary at the receiver and this results in loss of data ...
Abstract: Reliability of data transmission is a fundamental problem in wireless communications. Fading in wireless channels causes the signal strength to vary at the receiver and this results in loss of data ...
9 citations
Cites background or methods from "4G: LTE/LTE-Advanced for Mobile Bro..."
...The coded output bits are transmitted using 1, 2, 4 or 8 control channel elements (CCE’s), where each CCE consists of 9 resource-element groups [4]....
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...When using carrier aggregation, if the total number of bits for HARQ acknowledgments is four, then a resource selection mechanism is used [4]....
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...To overcome the reliability issue in fading channels and for efficient utilization of radio resources, wireless systems like worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) [3] and 3GPP-LTE [4] employ adaptive transmission techniques....
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...After the spreading operation, the symbols in each PHICH group are added and transmitted using three resource-elements groups [4]....
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...To improve reliability of data transmission and efficient utilization of radio resources, many advanced transmission techniques like AMC, channel-dependent scheduling, MIMO transmission and packet retransmissions are introduced in present broadband wireless systems like WiMAX and LTE [3, 4]....
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TL;DR: It is found that for CA configuration with wider PCell bandwidth resulting better throughput, the throughput of non-contiguous CA is better than CA contiguous and in the inter-band CA, CC combination with a lower frequency produces higher throughput.
Abstract: Carrier aggregation (CA) is a major feature in LTE-advanced technology that allows network provider to use more than one carrier simultaneously to increase capacity. CA uses two or more individual component carriers (CCs) of the same (intra-band) and different (inter-band) frequency bands. In this paper, we evaluate CA techniques with the test parameter using BLER and throughput inside the tested area of LTE network. The tested area is designed to represent most common environment in which LTE will be deployed. We use 30 MHz frequency bandwidth in the simulation to evaluate intra-band and inter-band CA technique performance. Two CCs is allocated for primary serving cell (PCell) and secondary serving cell (SCell). Simulation result shows for the downlink, BLER tend to increase, as the frequency configuration is increase. However, for the uplink BLER is zero. We found that for CA configuration with wider PCell bandwidth resulting better throughput. In CA intra-band, the throughput of non-contiguous CA is better than CA contiguous. Then in the inter-band CA, CC combination with a lower frequency produces higher throughput.
9 citations
Cites background from "4G: LTE/LTE-Advanced for Mobile Bro..."
...These enhancements have been considered in 3GPP as a part of LTE-advanced (LTE-A) and also known as LTE Release 10 specifications [2-4]....
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