Book•
4G: LTE/LTE-Advanced for Mobile Broadband
21 Mar 2011-
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on LTE with full updates including LTE-Advanced to provide a complete picture of the LTE system, including the physical layer, access procedures, broadcast, relaying, spectrum and RF characteristics, and system performance.
Abstract: Based on the bestseller "3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for mobile broadband" and reflecting the ongoing success of LTE throughout the world, this book focuses on LTE with full updates including LTE-Advanced to provide a complete picture of the LTE system. Overview and detailed explanations are given for the latest LTE standards for radio interface architecture, the physical layer, access procedures, broadcast, relaying, spectrum and RF characteristics, and system performance. Key technologies presented include multi-carrier transmission, advanced single-carrier transmission, advanced receivers, OFDM, MIMO and adaptive antenna solutions, advanced radio resource management and protocols, and different radio network architectures. Their role and use in the context of mobile broadband access in general is explained. Both a high-level overview and more detailed step-by-step explanations of the LTE/LTE-Advanced implementation are given. An overview of other related systems such as GSM/EDGE, HSPA, CDMA2000, and WIMAX is also provided. This book is a 'must-have' resource for engineers and other professionals in the telecommunications industry, working with cellular or wireless broadband technologies, giving an understanding of how to utilize the new technology in order to stay ahead of the competition. The authors of the book all work at Ericsson Research and have been deeply involved in 3G and 4G development and standardisation since the early days of 3G research. They are leading experts in the field and are today still actively contributing to the standardisation of LTE within 3GPP. Includes full details of the latest additions to the LTE Radio Access standards and technologies up to and including 3GPP Release 10Clear explanations of the role of the underlying technologies for LTE, including OFDM and MIMO Full coverage of LTE-Advanced, including LTE carrier aggregation, extended multi-antenna transmission, relaying functionality and heterogeneous deploymentsLTE radio interface architecture, physical layer, access procedures, MBMS, RF characteristics and system performance covered in detail
Citations
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TL;DR: Analytical and simulation results clearly show that, irrespective of the channel-aware scheduler in use, multi-layer FFR-schemes can outperform the conventional two- layer FFR architectures.
Abstract: In orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) networks, the use of universal frequency reuse improves overall cell capacity at the cost of very high levels of inter-cell interference particularly affecting the users located in the cell-edge regions. In order to provide a better quality of experience to cell-edge users while still achieving high spectral efficiencies, conventional fractional frequency reuse (FFR) schemes split the cells into inner and outer regions (or layers) and allocate disjoint frequency resources to each of these regions by applying higher frequency reuse factors to the outer regions. Recently, multi-layer FFR-aided OFDMA-based designs, splitting the cell into inner, middle, and outer layers, have been proposed with the aim of further improving the throughput fairness among users. This paper presents an analytical framework allowing the performance evaluation and optimization of multi-layer FFR-aided OFDMA-based networks. Tractable mathematical expressions of the average spectral efficiency are derived and used to pose optimization problems allowing network designers to achieve the optimal trade-off between spectral efficiency and fairness. Analytical and simulation results clearly show that, irrespective of the channel-aware scheduler in use, multi-layer FFR-schemes can outperform the conventional two-layer FFR architectures.
4 citations
01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: Long-term evolution (LTE) is becoming the technology reference for 4G cellular networks, as it is increasingly adopted by all major operators all over the world and also plays an essential role in advancing public safety (PS) communications.
Abstract: Long-term evolution (LTE) is becoming the technology reference for 4G cellular networks, as it is increasingly adopted by all major operators all over the world. Currently, LTE is rising to the challenge of addressing several issues (e.g. cellular networks’ capacity crunch, ultra-high bandwidth, ultra-low latency, massive numbers of connections, super-fast mobility, diverse-spectrum access) that speed up the pace toward 5G. Moreover, LTE is expected to be an important part of the 5G solution for future networks and also plays an essential role in advancing public safety (PS) communications. In the United States, LTE has been chosen as the next appropriate communication technology to support PS, and it is likely to be the same in the European Union. Moreover, several vendors (e.g. Ericsson, Nokia-Alcatel, Huawei, Cisco) are now starting to propose LTE-based PS solutions and some of them have been put to real experimentation in the field.
4 citations
Cites methods from "4G: LTE/LTE-Advanced for Mobile Bro..."
...In such a case, the corresponding UL HARQ process needs to be postponed by transmitting an ACK on the PHICH, irrespective of the outcome of the decoding [DAH 11]....
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19 May 2013
TL;DR: A hardware-software and a full-hardware solution are proposed to accelerate the RoHC compression algorithm in LTE base-stations and enhance the system throughput and capacity and results are discussed and compared.
Abstract: In LTE base-stations, RoHC is a processing-intensive algorithm that may limit the system from serving a large number of users when it is used to compress the VoIP packets of mobile traffic. In this paper, a hardware-software and a full-hardware solution are proposed to accelerate the RoHC compression algorithm in LTE base-stations and enhance the system throughput and capacity. Results for both solutions are discussed and compared with respect to design metrics like throughput, capacity, power consumption, and hardware resources. This comparison is instrumental in taking architectural level trade-off decisions in-order to meet the present day requirements and also be ready to support a future evolution. In terms of throughput, a gain of 20% (6250 packets/sec) is achieved in the HW-SW implementation by accelerating the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) and the Least Significant Bit (LSB) encoding in hardware. The full-HW implementation leads to a throughput of 45 times (244000 packets/sec) compared to the SW-Only implementation. The full-HW solution consumes more Adaptive Look-Up Tables (7477 ALUTs) compared to the HW-SW solution (2614 ALUTs) when synthesized on Altera's Arria II GX FPGA.
4 citations
Patent•
15 Jun 2017
TL;DR: In this article, an eNB transmits configuration information of uplink secondary carriers configured for a UE to the UE, wherein the configuration information includes carrier-specific common configuration information and/or UE-specific configuration information.
Abstract: The invention provides a method and an apparatus for controlling secondary carriers in an asymmetric uplink carrier aggregation, the method includes: an eNB transmits configuration information of uplink secondary carriers configured for a UE to the UE, wherein the configuration information includes carrier-specific common configuration information and/or UE-specific configuration information; furthermore, the eNB schedules the uplink secondary carriers via a physical downlink control channel PDCCH of the downlink primary carrier, so that the UE performs a scheduling of a PUSCH to the eNB via the uplink secondary carriers, thus realizing a control of the secondary carriers in the asymmetric uplink carrier aggregation and greatly improving the uplink throughput.
4 citations
01 Dec 2019
TL;DR: A Secure Authentication for Future Entities (SAFE) protocol is proposed, which uses cryptographic operations for enhancing security and preserving privacy in a smart city to which a vehicle can communicate.
Abstract: The innovations in wireless communication technologies, cloud computing, connected vehicles, autonomous vehicles, the Internet of everything, etc. opened a way for the creation, development, advancement, and establishment of vehicular networks for emerging smart city applications. Among them, automated and connected vehicle technologies are among the most researched topics. The currently available concepts are only a fraction of what is being developed for the future. In connected vehicles, the Internet of Vehicles (IoVs) is a promising concept where cars or vehicles can use various communication technologies to communicate with the driver or other entities on the road. In this paper, we explore the future entities in a smart city to which a vehicle can communicate. Moreover, we investigate the importance of warning messages for reducing road transportation issues as IoVs already proved that it could reduce worldwide traffic issues, accident rates, transportation issues, etc. to a particular extent. In spite of several attractive features, ensuring security and lightweight property is one of the challenges in an IoV scenario. Therefore, we propose a Secure Authentication for Future Entities (SAFE) protocol, which uses cryptographic operations for enhancing security and preserving privacy.
4 citations