Book•
4G: LTE/LTE-Advanced for Mobile Broadband
21 Mar 2011-
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on LTE with full updates including LTE-Advanced to provide a complete picture of the LTE system, including the physical layer, access procedures, broadcast, relaying, spectrum and RF characteristics, and system performance.
Abstract: Based on the bestseller "3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for mobile broadband" and reflecting the ongoing success of LTE throughout the world, this book focuses on LTE with full updates including LTE-Advanced to provide a complete picture of the LTE system. Overview and detailed explanations are given for the latest LTE standards for radio interface architecture, the physical layer, access procedures, broadcast, relaying, spectrum and RF characteristics, and system performance. Key technologies presented include multi-carrier transmission, advanced single-carrier transmission, advanced receivers, OFDM, MIMO and adaptive antenna solutions, advanced radio resource management and protocols, and different radio network architectures. Their role and use in the context of mobile broadband access in general is explained. Both a high-level overview and more detailed step-by-step explanations of the LTE/LTE-Advanced implementation are given. An overview of other related systems such as GSM/EDGE, HSPA, CDMA2000, and WIMAX is also provided. This book is a 'must-have' resource for engineers and other professionals in the telecommunications industry, working with cellular or wireless broadband technologies, giving an understanding of how to utilize the new technology in order to stay ahead of the competition. The authors of the book all work at Ericsson Research and have been deeply involved in 3G and 4G development and standardisation since the early days of 3G research. They are leading experts in the field and are today still actively contributing to the standardisation of LTE within 3GPP. Includes full details of the latest additions to the LTE Radio Access standards and technologies up to and including 3GPP Release 10Clear explanations of the role of the underlying technologies for LTE, including OFDM and MIMO Full coverage of LTE-Advanced, including LTE carrier aggregation, extended multi-antenna transmission, relaying functionality and heterogeneous deploymentsLTE radio interface architecture, physical layer, access procedures, MBMS, RF characteristics and system performance covered in detail
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TL;DR: This proposal alleviates the saturated DL/ UL transmission commonly found in FDD-based systems through user offloading toward a TDD system based on SeNBs, which is reviewed from three points of view: regulation, LTE standardization, and technical solutions.
Abstract: Traditionally, wireless cellular systems have been designed to operate in FDD paired bands that allocate the same amount of spectrum for both DL and UL communications. Such design is very convenient under symmetric DL/UL traffic conditions, as used to be the case when voice transmission was predominant. However, due to the overwhelming advent of data services, which involves large asymmetries between DL and UL, the conventional FDD solution becomes inefficient. In this regard, flexible duplexing concepts aim to derive procedures to improve spectrum utilization by adjusting resources to actual traffic demand. In this work, we review these concepts and propose the introduction of TDD SeNB to operate in the unused resources of an FDD-based system. This proposal alleviates the saturated DL/ UL transmission commonly found in FDD-based systems through user offloading toward a TDD system based on SeNBs. In this context, the flexible duplexing concept is analyzed from three points of view: regulation, LTE standardization, and technical solutions.
4 citations
Cites background or methods from "4G: LTE/LTE-Advanced for Mobile Bro..."
...5 MHz 457.5 MHz × 462.5 MHz 467.5 MHz × 32 N/A × 1452 MHz 1496 MHz ×PUCCH in the FDD UL band. Current design of LTE FDD systems places the PUCCH in the resource blocks located at the edge of the band [13]. Those resources are devoted to transmit system information for UE. This system constraint limits the flexibility for seizing the unused time-frequency resources in-band TMA approach described in Sec...
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...tion. Currently, the 3GPP standard does not allow tackling situations where the traffic asymmetry is higher in the FDD-UL band because, by definition, the CCs in the UL must be smaller than in the DL [13]. This feature does not allow extending the concept explained in Section 2.1.2 to re-use the underutilized FDD spectrum in the FDD-DL band. 4 Technical#TAB#challenges There are important technical challen...
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TL;DR: An ABS configuration design is developed on downlink in HetNet and the associated resource allocation problem for maximizing the system performance with fairness among user equipments (UEs) is considered and the proposed joint allocation scheme has better performance than the existing schemes.
Abstract: In order to resolve the co-channel inter-cell interference problem in heterogeneous networks (HetNet), the feature of almost blank subframes (ABS) in the time domain of the enhanced inter-cell interference coordination (eICIC) is utilized. In this paper, an ABS configuration design is developed on downlink in HetNet and the associated resource allocation problem for maximizing the system performance with fairness among user equipments (UEs) is considered. Compared to conventional problems, the resource assignment problems include the configuration of ABS pattern and the resource allocation for macro UEs and pico UEs, which aims to maximize the downlink throughput and balance the traffic offloading in intra-frequency HetNet deployments. First, this paper introduces an ABS pattern design by using the channel condition, which is developed in terms of the time domain resource. Subframes are categorized as protected or normal subframes for reducing interference impact to pico UEs. Based on the configuration of the ABS pattern, we develop a grouping strategy to determine which pico UEs use either protected or normal subframes. Besides, the assignment of resource blocks with respect to the resource in the frequency domain is developed along with the fairness among UEs. The proposed joint allocation scheme takes the system throughput and the fairness into account, and has better performance than the existing schemes. Simulation results also reveal that the performance of the proposed joint allocation scheme approximates the optimal solution with the full search scheme.
4 citations
15 May 2016
TL;DR: A hybrid mode of operation is proposed, factorizing the antenna ports into a set of slow and fast ports with different update rates using a codebook with factorized precoders designed for a dual-polarized Uniform Planar Array (UPA).
Abstract: In this paper we discuss the pros and cons of non-precoded and beamformed Channel State Information (CSI) downlink (DL) reference signal schemes for Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) massive MIMO systems. We propose a hybrid mode of operation between the two, factorizing the antenna ports into a set of slow and fast ports with different update rates using a codebook with factorized precoders designed for a dual-polarized Uniform Planar Array (UPA). We show with simulation results that the proposed hybrid CSI feedback scheme can increase both average and 5th percentile spectral efficiency compared to the non-precoded CSI reference signal scheme. Compared to the beamformed CSI reference signal scheme, it can significantly increase the 5th percentile spectral efficiency with only a small loss in average spectral efficiency.
4 citations
01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: The proposed designs are particularly suitable for realizing a multi-element antenna structure that is tolerant to the user and shown to provide good diversity and MIMO performances.
Abstract: Capacity improvement using Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology necessitates multiple antennas at both transmitter and receiver ends. Antenna design challenges are related especially to mobile terminal, in which antennas need to be small, located relatively close to each other and interact with a user. Due to these limitations, mobile terminal antennas are potentially inefficient and do not provide a good MIMO performance. Traditional antenna design and characterization methods are not directly applicable to multiple antennas, and therefore research in these fields is needed. This thesis contributes two topics. First, characterization methods of multiple antennas in compact mobile terminals are studied. In the studied methods, the effects of propagation environment and user on the multiple antenna performance are taken into account. The time-varying propagation environment and user’s hand grip emulating the true scenario of the users in real-life environments are analyzed. In particular; different terminal orientations, hand grips and locations are investigated either with one or two hands holding the terminal. Second, the thesis has scientific contribution on introducing novel multi-antenna structures with elements ranging from two to eight, and frequencies ranging from 900 MHz UHF to 3500 MHz LTE bands. Specifically, this thesis advances the design, evaluation and user interaction of multiple antennas in mobile terminals operating at the 3500 MHz. The proposed structures are shown to provide good diversity and MIMO performances. Selection of suitable antenna type and their locations on the terminal chassis are shown to be important. Based on author’s experience, the proposed designs are particularly suitable for realizing a multi-element antenna structure that is tolerant to the user. Applicability of multiple antennas in compact mobile terminal for radio direction finding (RDF) is studied. Detailed analysis has also been carried out on the antenna topology on a mobile terminal and consideration of user interaction to ascertain the best use of antennas for such an application. It is found that ambiguity characterization method could be useful evaluation tool for designing a multi-antenna structure for RDF application.
4 citations
Cites background from "4G: LTE/LTE-Advanced for Mobile Bro..."
...The 4G system is aimed at providing peak data rates of up to 1 gigabit per second [2]....
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01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: The interest of Machine Type Communication (MTC) is increasing and is expected to play an important role in the future network society in the process of increasing the number of connected devices as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The interest of Machine Type Communication (MTC) is increasing and is expected to play an important role in the future network society In the process of increasing the number of connected devices,
4 citations