Book•
4G: LTE/LTE-Advanced for Mobile Broadband
21 Mar 2011-
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on LTE with full updates including LTE-Advanced to provide a complete picture of the LTE system, including the physical layer, access procedures, broadcast, relaying, spectrum and RF characteristics, and system performance.
Abstract: Based on the bestseller "3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for mobile broadband" and reflecting the ongoing success of LTE throughout the world, this book focuses on LTE with full updates including LTE-Advanced to provide a complete picture of the LTE system. Overview and detailed explanations are given for the latest LTE standards for radio interface architecture, the physical layer, access procedures, broadcast, relaying, spectrum and RF characteristics, and system performance. Key technologies presented include multi-carrier transmission, advanced single-carrier transmission, advanced receivers, OFDM, MIMO and adaptive antenna solutions, advanced radio resource management and protocols, and different radio network architectures. Their role and use in the context of mobile broadband access in general is explained. Both a high-level overview and more detailed step-by-step explanations of the LTE/LTE-Advanced implementation are given. An overview of other related systems such as GSM/EDGE, HSPA, CDMA2000, and WIMAX is also provided. This book is a 'must-have' resource for engineers and other professionals in the telecommunications industry, working with cellular or wireless broadband technologies, giving an understanding of how to utilize the new technology in order to stay ahead of the competition. The authors of the book all work at Ericsson Research and have been deeply involved in 3G and 4G development and standardisation since the early days of 3G research. They are leading experts in the field and are today still actively contributing to the standardisation of LTE within 3GPP. Includes full details of the latest additions to the LTE Radio Access standards and technologies up to and including 3GPP Release 10Clear explanations of the role of the underlying technologies for LTE, including OFDM and MIMO Full coverage of LTE-Advanced, including LTE carrier aggregation, extended multi-antenna transmission, relaying functionality and heterogeneous deploymentsLTE radio interface architecture, physical layer, access procedures, MBMS, RF characteristics and system performance covered in detail
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16 Dec 2013
4 citations
Cites background or methods from "4G: LTE/LTE-Advanced for Mobile Bro..."
...12: LTE physical time-frequency resource [63]....
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...12 LTE physical time-frequency resource [63]....
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...3 The LTE Protocol Architecture The radio access protocol architecture can be categorized into two [61], [63]: 1....
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...The CP has two types [63], the Normal CP, which has 7 symbols per slot and the Extended CP with 6 symbols per slot....
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Journal Article•
TL;DR: The balanced power algorithm for MRN is proposed, this algorithm is control of the transmitted power over cell radius to achieve the required SNR and throughput at the users with reducing the consumption transmitted relay power.
Abstract: Wireless multi-hop relay systems have become very important technologies in mobile communications. These systems ensure high-speed data transfer and extended coverage area at a low cost. In this paper, we proposed two scenarios. In the first scenario we studied the performance of a two-way multi-hop relay network and proposed a half-duplex mode amplify-and-forward relay with two cases. In the first case, we studied a fixed relay node (FRN) with (q th ) users for two-way performance keeping user equipment (UE) is fixed and is moving at different velocities toward FRN. In second case, we proposed a new connection between the (k th ) moving relay nodes (MRN) and users had the same the velocities and times, in which users are independently moving between them. In the second scenario the balanced power algorithm for MRN is proposed, this algorithm is control of the transmitted power over cell radius to achieve the required SNR and throughput at the users with reducing the consumption transmitted relay power. Is has been shown from the simulation results that there is saving nearly 75% from transmitted power after using proposed algorithm.
4 citations
Cites background from "4G: LTE/LTE-Advanced for Mobile Bro..."
...On the other hand, the in-band relaying relay and access links operate in the same spectrum, where the links share other mechanisms to avoid interference between the access and relay links and deal with the half-duplex mode as detailed in this paper [2, 3, 4]....
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Posted Content•
TL;DR: It is shown that the repetition scheme can efficiently improve the RACH success probability in a light traffic scenario, but only slightly improves that performance with very inefficient channel resource utilization in a heavy traffic scenario.
Abstract: NarrowBand-Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is a new 3GPP radio access technology designed to provide better coverage for a massive number of low-throughput low-cost devices in delay-tolerant applications with low power consumption. To provide reliable connections with extended coverage, a repetition transmission scheme is introduced to NB-IoT during both Random Access CHannel (RACH) procedure and data transmission procedure. To avoid the difficulty in replacing the battery for IoT devices, the energy harvesting is considered as a promising solution to support energy sustainability in the NB-IoT network. In this work, we analyze RACH success probability in a self-powered NB-IoT network taking into account the repeated preamble transmissions and collisions, where each IoT device with data is active when its battery energy is sufficient to support the transmission. We model the temporal dynamics of the energy level as a birth-death process, derive the energy availability of each IoT device, and examine its dependence on the energy storage capacity and the repetition value. We show that in certain scenarios, the energy availability remains unchanged despite randomness in the energy harvesting. We also derive the exact expression for the RACH success probability of a {randomly chosen} IoT device under the derived energy availability, which is validated under different repetition values via simulations. We show that the repetition scheme can efficiently improve the RACH success probability in a light traffic scenario, but only slightly improves that performance with very inefficient channel resource utilization in a heavy traffic scenario.
4 citations
Cites background from "4G: LTE/LTE-Advanced for Mobile Bro..."
...The RACH procedure of NB-IoT has the simplified message flow as for LTE, however, with different parameters [10]....
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...Because of this, NB-IoT can provide unique advantages for various IoT services over other technologies like 2G, 3G or LTE....
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...NB-IoT reuses the LTE design extensively, such that the time required to develop full specifications and products is significantly reduced....
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...NB-IoT is a new 3GPP radio-access technology developed from existing LTE functionalities, whereas some features of its specification deemed unnecessary for LPWA IoT needs have been stripped out [9]....
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...It is known that the collision event in step 1 of RACH can be detected by the eNB, when the collided IoT devices are separable in terms of the power delay profile [8]....
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Posted Content•
TL;DR: The implementation of a virtualized LTE testbed environment of C-RAN by integrating the OpenAirInterface (OAI) with Docker, which has proven to be effective in creating a functional 4G network which achieves realistic results to facilitate research.
Abstract: C-RAN virtualization is a research topic with great interest since it allows to share baseband processing resources.Therefore, in this work, we report the implementation of a virtualized LTE testbed environment of C-RAN by integrating the OpenAirInterface (OAI) with Docker. Using the test bed,we conducted a workload study to understand the computation resource demand of C-RAN software. Virtualization in containers has proven to be effective in creating a functional 4G network which achieves realistic results to facilitate research.
4 citations
Cites background from "4G: LTE/LTE-Advanced for Mobile Bro..."
...The current costs of building and operating a new infrastructure capable of providing the required data rates are higher than the revenue growth rate [1]....
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TL;DR: The proposed novel optimization algorithm not only optimizes the number of transmit antennas but also optimizes which antenna has to be selected, and hence the proposed scheme is termed as Modified Velocity vector based GSA (MV-GSA) that determinesThe number of antennas and how to select the antennas in an optimal way.
Abstract: Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (M-MIMO) systems depend on numerous antennas to transfer numerous data streams simultaneously in Wireless Network Systems. In M-MIMO systems, the optimal Transmit Antennas Selection remains as a major constraint. As the count of antennas is increased, the power or energy consumption also increases. In fact, for attaining higher capacity, more transmit antennas is required, which leads to an increase in power consumption. Hence, for solving these problems in M-MIMO systems, this paper intend to achieve the selection of optimal transmit antennas by considering a multi-objective problem that maximizes both the capacity and relative Energy Efficiency. For attaining this objective, the proposed novel optimization algorithm not only optimizes the number of transmit antennas but also optimizes which antenna has to be selected. Hence, for optimal selection of antennas, improved GSA is used here, based on a velocity vector, and hence the proposed scheme is termed as Modified Velocity vector based GSA (MV-GSA) that determines the number of antennas and how to select the antennas in an optimal way. Moreover, the adopted scheme is compared with conventional algorithms like Genetic Algorithm, Artificial Bee Colony, Particle Swarm Optimization, FireFly and conventional GSA and the results are obtained.
4 citations