73.7 Tb/s (96 x 3 x 256-Gb/s) mode-division-multiplexed DP-16QAM transmission with inline MM-EDFA
TL;DR: The total demonstrated net capacity, taking into account 20% of FEC-overhead and 7.5% additional overhead (Ethernet and training sequences), is 57.6 Tb/s, corresponding to a spectral efficiency of 12 bits/s/Hz.
Abstract: Transmission of a 73.7 Tb/s (96x3x256-Gb/s) DP-16QAM mode-division-multiplexed signal over 119km of few-mode fiber transmission line incorporating an inline multi mode EDFA and a phase plate based mode (de-)multiplexer is demonstrated. Data-aided 6x6 MIMO digital signal processing was used to demodulate the signal. The total demonstrated net capacity, taking into account 20% of FEC-overhead and 7.5% additional overhead (Ethernet and training sequences), is 57.6 Tb/s, corresponding to a spectral efficiency of 12 bits/s/Hz.
Citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarized the simultaneous transmission of several independent spatial channels of light along optical fibres to expand the data-carrying capacity of optical communications, and showed that the results achieved in both multicore and multimode optical fibers are documented.
Abstract: This Review summarizes the simultaneous transmission of several independent spatial channels of light along optical fibres to expand the data-carrying capacity of optical communications. Recent results achieved in both multicore and multimode optical fibres are documented.
2,629 citations
TL;DR: This work demonstrates the multiplexing/demultiplexing of 1008 data channels carried on 12 OAM beams, 2 polarizations, and 42 wavelengths, providing an aggregate capacity of 100.8 Tbit/s.
Abstract: We investigate the orthogonality of orbital angular momentum (OAM) with other multiplexing domains and present a free-space data link that uniquely combines OAM-, polarization-, and wavelength-division multiplexing. Specifically, we demonstrate the multiplexing/demultiplexing of 1008 data channels carried on 12 OAM beams, 2 polarizations, and 42 wavelengths. Each channel is encoded with 100 Gbit/s quadrature phase-shift keying data, providing an aggregate capacity of 100.8 Tbit/s (12×2×42×100 Gbit/s).
450 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors demonstrate the viability of spatial multiplexing to reach a data rate of 5.1 Tbit/s−1/carrier−1 on a single wavelength over a single fiber, by employing few-mode multicore fiber, compact three-dimensional waveguide multiplexers and energy-efficient frequency-domain MIMO equalization.
Abstract: Single-mode fibres with low loss and a large transmission bandwidth are a key enabler for long-haul high-speed optical communication and form the backbone of our information-driven society. However, we are on the verge of reaching the fundamental limit of single-mode fibre transmission capacity. Therefore, a new means to increase the transmission capacity of optical fibre is essential to avoid a capacity crunch. Here, by employing few-mode multicore fibre, compact three-dimensional waveguide multiplexers and energy-efficient frequency-domain multiple-input multiple-output equalization, we demonstrate the viability of spatial multiplexing to reach a data rate of 5.1 Tbit s−1 carrier−1 (net 4 Tbit s−1 carrier−1) on a single wavelength over a single fibre. Furthermore, by combining this approach with wavelength division multiplexing with 50 wavelength carriers on a dense 50 GHz grid, a gross transmission throughput of 255 Tbit s−1 (net 200 Tbit s−1) over a 1 km fibre link is achieved. A few-mode, multicore fibre allows ultra-high-speed data transmission on a single wavelength of light.
426 citations
TL;DR: Results show that SDM fibers achieve a 1185-fold (18-fold) spectral-spatial efficiency increase compared with the 276-SMF bundle (single-core fiber) currently installed on the ground.
Abstract: Single-mode fiber's physical capacity boundaries will soon be reached; hence, alternative solutions are much needed to overcome the multiplying and remarkably large bandwidth requests. Space division multiplexing (SDM) using multicore fibers (MCFs), multielement fibers, multimode fibers, and their combination; few-mode MCFs; or fibers based on orbital angular momentum are considered to be the propitious stepping-stones to overcome the capacity crunch of conventional single-core fibers. We critically review research progress on SDM fibers and network components, and we introduce two figures of merit aiming for quantitative evaluation of technologies such as amplifiers, fan-in/fan-out multiplexers, transmitters, switches, and SDM nodes. Results show that SDM fibers achieve a 1185-fold (18-fold) spectral–spatial efficiency increase compared with the 276-SMF bundle (single-core fiber) currently installed on the ground. In addition, an analysis of crosstalk in MCFs shows how SDM concepts can be further exploited to fit in various optical networks such as core, metro, and especially future intra-data center optical interconnects. Finally, research challenges and future directions are discussed.
272 citations
Additional excerpts
...Free space approaches, using phase plates, mirrors, beam splitters and special lenses for alignment have been originally proposed [34], [88]....
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22 Apr 2013
TL;DR: A thulium doped fiber amplifier designed for optical communications providing high gain and low noise figure over 1910nm-2020nm with a maximum saturated output power of more than 1W is reported.
Abstract: We report the realization of a thulium doped fiber amplifier designed for optical communications providing high gain (>35dB) and low noise figure (<;6dB) over 1910nm-2020nm with a maximum saturated output power of more than 1W.
271 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this article, simultaneous transmission of six spatial and polarization modes, each carrying 40 Gb/s quadrature-phase-shift-keyed channels over 96 km of a low-differential group delay few-mode fiber, is reported.
Abstract: We report simultaneous transmission of six spatial and polarization modes, each carrying 40 Gb/s quadrature-phase-shift-keyed channels over 96 km of a low-differential group delay few-mode fiber. The channels are successfully recovered by offline DSP based on coherent detection and multiple-input multiple-output processing. A penalty of ;28 dB.
901 citations
16 Sep 2012
TL;DR: In this article, the authors demonstrate 1.01-Pb/s transmission over 52 km with the highest aggregate spectral efficiency of 91.4 b/s/Hz by using low-crosstalk one-ring-structured 12-core fiber.
Abstract: (40-Word Limit): We demonstrate 1.01-Pb/s transmission over 52 km with the highest aggregate spectral efficiency of 91.4 b/s/Hz by using low-crosstalk one-ring-structured 12-core fiber. Our multi-core fiber and compact fan-in/fan-out devices are designed to support high-order modulation formats up to 32-QAM in SDM transmission.
323 citations
06 Mar 2011
TL;DR: In this article, the authors demonstrate the transmission of 6 independent, spatially and polarization multiplexed 28-Gb/s QPSK signals over 10 km of three-mode fiber using mode-selective excitation and full coherent 6 × 6 MIMO processing.
Abstract: We demonstrate the transmission of 6 independent, spatially- and polarization multiplexed 28-Gb/s QPSK signals over 10 km of three-mode fiber using mode-selective excitation and full coherent 6 × 6 MIMO processing.
277 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a transmission fiber for mode division multiplexing supporting LP01 and LP11 modes, with low differential group delay, low mode coupling, and low loss for both modes is presented.
Abstract: A transmission fiber for mode division multiplexing supporting LP01 and LP11 modes, with low differential group delay, low mode coupling, and low loss for both modes is presented. Spatially and spectrally resolved mode imaging (S2 imaging) is used for characterization.
166 citations
16 Sep 2012
TL;DR: In this article, a 73.7 Tb/s (96×3×256Gb/s) DP-16QAM mode-division-multiplexed signal over 119km of few-mode fiber with inline multi-mode EDFA, using 6x6 MIMO digital signal processing.
Abstract: We show transmission of a 73.7 Tb/s (96×3×256-Gb/s) DP-16QAM mode-division-multiplexed signal over 119km of few-mode fiber with inline multi-mode EDFA, using 6x6 MIMO digital signal processing. The total demonstrated net capacity is 57.6 Tb/s (SE 12 bits/s/Hz).
133 citations