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Book ChapterDOI

8.12 – Dendrimer Sensors

J. Satija1
01 Jan 2017-Vol. 8, pp 237-259
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors have discussed the characteristics of dendrimers that are essentially useful for sensor applications and compared them with conventional used materials in terms of sensitivity, specificity, signal-to-noise ratio, regenerability and ease of conjugation of receptor elements.
Abstract: Dendrimers are highly branched supramolecular structures having high functional group density at nanoscale dimensions. Their defined size, globular shape, choice of composition, generation number, and terminal groups, and the possibility to introduce several functional groups at the periphery make them suitable for a variety of applications including sensors. Due to their unique combination of physicochemical, structural, and dendritic properties, these supramolecules have shown their potential as linker, reporter, amplifier, and receptor as well as transducer for sensor design. The integration of dendrimers with sensors has significantly improved their performance in terms of sensitivity, specificity, signal-to-noise ratio, regenerability, and ease of conjugation of receptor elements. This article discusses the characteristics of dendrimers that are essentially useful for sensor applications. A comparison of dendrimers with conventionally used materials has also been highlighted. Some important applications of dendrimers in various sensors along with their multifunctional capability have also been elaborated in detail.
Citations
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24 Jan 2006
TL;DR: In this paper, a minireview of nanoparticle-based electrochemical sensors and biosensors is presented, which summarizes the main functions of nanoparticles in these sensor systems, such as the immobilization of biomolecules, the catalysis of electrochemical reactions, the enhancement of electron transfer between electrode surfaces and proteins, labeling and acting as reactant.
Abstract: The unique chemical and physical properties of nanoparticles make them extremely suitable for designing new and improved sensing devices, especially electrochemical sensors and biosensors. Many kinds of nanoparticles, such as metal, oxide and semiconductor nanoparticles have been used for constructing electrochemical sensors and biosensors, and these nanoparticles play different roles in different sensing systems. The important functions provided by nanoparticles include the immobilization of biomolecules, the catalysis of electrochemical reactions, the enhancement of electron transfer between electrode surfaces and proteins, labeling of biomolecules and even acting as reactant. This minireview addresses recent advances in nanoparticle-based electrochemical sensors and biosensors, and summarizes the main functions of nanoparticles in these sensor systems.

32 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an overview of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) based adsorbents and their role in the removal and recovery of various inorganic and organic pollutants has been discussed.

29 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
02 Aug 2002-Science
TL;DR: Many potential applications have been proposed for carbon nanotubes, including conductive and high-strength composites; energy storage and energy conversion devices; sensors; field emission displays and radiation sources; hydrogen storage media; and nanometer-sized semiconductor devices, probes, and interconnects.
Abstract: Many potential applications have been proposed for carbon nanotubes, including conductive and high-strength composites; energy storage and energy conversion devices; sensors; field emission displays and radiation sources; hydrogen storage media; and nanometer-sized semiconductor devices, probes, and interconnects. Some of these applications are now realized in products. Others are demonstrated in early to advanced devices, and one, hydrogen storage, is clouded by controversy. Nanotube cost, polydispersity in nanotube type, and limitations in processing and assembly methods are important barriers for some applications of single-walled nanotubes.

9,693 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Starburst polymers as mentioned in this paper are a class of topological macromolecules which are derived from classical monomers/oligomers by their extraordinary symmetry, high branching and maximized terminal functionality density.
Abstract: This paper describes the first synthesis of a new class of topological macromolecules which we refer to as “starburst polymers.” The fundamental building blocks to this new polymer class are referred to as “dendrimers.” These dendrimers differ from classical monomers/oligomers by their extraordinary symmetry, high branching and maximized (telechelic) terminal functionality density. The dendrimers possess “reactive end groups” which allow (a) controlled moelcular weight building (monodispersity), (b) controlled branching (topology), and (c) versatility in design and modification of the terminal end groups. Dendrimer synthesis is accomplished by a variety of strategies involving “time sequenced propagation” techniques. The resulting dendrimers grow in a geometrically progressive fashion as shown: Chemically bridging these dendrimers leads to the new class of macromolecules—”starburst polymers” (e.g., (A)n, (B)n, or (C)n).

3,372 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Advances in understanding of the role of molecular weight and architecture on the in vivo behavior of dendrimers, together with recent progress in the design of biodegradable chemistries, has enabled the application of these branched polymers as anti-viral drugs, tissue repair scaffolds, targeted carriers of chemotherapeutics and optical oxygen sensors.
Abstract: Dendrimers are branched, synthetic polymers with layered architectures that show promise in several biomedical applications. By regulating dendrimer synthesis, it is possible to precisely manipulate both their molecular weight and chemical composition, thereby allowing predictable tuning of their biocompatibility and pharmacokinetics. Advances in our understanding of the role of molecular weight and architecture on the in vivo behavior of dendrimers, together with recent progress in the design of biodegradable chemistries, has enabled the application of these branched polymers as anti-viral drugs, tissue repair scaffolds, targeted carriers of chemotherapeutics and optical oxygen sensors. Before such products can reach the market, however, the field must not only address the cost of manufacture and quality control of pharmaceutical-grade materials, but also assess the long-term human and environmental health consequences of dendrimer exposure in vivo.

1,906 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The reflections on biomedical applications of dendrimers given in this review clearly demonstrate the potential of this new fourth major class of polymer architecture and indeed substantiate the high hopes for the future of dendedrimers.

1,828 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Dendritic Fluorescent Sensors and Supramolecular Assemblies between Dendrimers and Surfactants or Polymers 1885 4.8.1.
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1,649 citations