A 24 GHz Dual-Polarized and Robust Dielectric Rod Antenna

doi:10.1109/TAP.2017.2764530

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A 24 GHz Dual-Polarized and Robust Dielectric Rod Antenna

Journal Article•DOI•

A 24 GHz Dual-Polarized and Robust Dielectric Rod Antenna

Michael Sporer¹, Robert Weigel¹, Alexander Koelpin¹•Institutions (1)

University of Erlangen-Nuremberg¹

20 Oct 2017-IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation (IEEE)-Vol. 65, Iss: 12, pp 6952-6959

TL;DR: In this article, a robust and easy manufacturable dual linear-polarized dielectric waveguide antenna (DRA) for the 24 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical band is presented.

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Abstract: This paper presents a robust and easy manufacturable dual linear-polarized dielectric waveguide antenna (DRA) for the 24 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical band. Dual-polarized operation is achieved by utilizing a square metal waveguide and a conical horn for exciting the surface wave on a tapered dielectric rod. In order to couple a signal into the square waveguide, an innovative dual-polarized, aperture-coupled microstrip-to-waveguide transition is shown. Additionally, two kinds of radomes, i.e., a foam radome and a half-wave wall monolithic radome are presented to protect the DRA. The antenna achieves a 10 dB bandwidth of 1.7 GHz and a gain of 11.5 dB including losses caused by the transitions and connectors. The sidelobe level and the cross-polarization level are lower than −25 and −26 dB, respectively. Designs and measurement results of all components are described in detail in this paper.

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Proceedings Article•DOI•

A Comparative Study on the Recent Smart Mobile Phone Processors

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Purab Surana¹, Nishil Madhani¹, T Gopalakrishnan¹•Institutions (1)

VIT University¹

23 Jul 2020

TL;DR: The distinctive features, merits, and demerits of the latest mobile phone processors of different Tech companies are discussed.

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Abstract: Cell phones have become a necessity for many people throughout the world. The ability to keep in touch with family, business associates, and access to email are only a few of the reasons for the increasing importance of cell phones. However, the mobile-phones in early times were bulky, restrictive to only some features and worked only in areas where there was a good connection. All these problems were resolved by integrating a processor within a cell-phone. The processor is the central hub of your smartphone. It receives and executes every command, performing billions of calculations per second. The effectiveness of the processor directly affects every application you run, whether it's the camera, the music player, or just a simple email program. In the following journal, we have discussed the distinctive features, merits, and demerits of the latest mobile phone processors of different Tech companies.

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20 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

A Novel Integrated Yagi–Uda and Dielectric Rod Antenna With Low Sidelobe Level

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Muhammad Nasir¹, Yulong Xia¹, Maomao Jiang¹, Qi Zhu¹•Institutions (1)

University of Science and Technology of China¹

04 Feb 2019-IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation

TL;DR: In this paper, a novel antenna integrated the advantages of the Yagi-Uda and the dielectric rod antenna (DRA) is presented in this communication, the antenna mainly consists of a tapered printed Yagi, a tape-red Dielectric cover, and a periodic DRA.

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Abstract: A novel antenna integrated the advantages of the Yagi–Uda and the dielectric rod antenna (DRA) is presented in this communication. The antenna mainly consists of a tapered printed Yagi–Uda, a tapered dielectric cover, and a periodic dielectric rod. First, a tapered printed Yagi is designed as the primary feeder and embedded inside a tapered dielectric rod to improve the directive gain, radiation efficiency, and sidelobe levels. The influence of the dielectric cover to the Yagi is discussed. Then, a dielectric rod with triangular periodic surface is also loaded to the end of the dielectric cover to obtain higher gain and better front-to-back ratio. Finally, a sample of the antenna working at 8.5–9.7 GHz with 18 dBi maximum gain and −23.37 dB sidelobe level is designed. A prototype is fabricated and tested; the measured results match well with the simulated. Compared with the traditional Yagi–Uda antenna and DRA with the same length, the presented integrated antenna has higher gain with lower sidelobe level.

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18 citations

Cites background from "A 24 GHz Dual-Polarized and Robust ..."

...To suppress the side lobes, the dielectric-filled waveguide horn antenna is adopted as the primary feeder by some researchers [11]–[14]....
[...]
...[14] designed a low-sidelobe level and dual-linear polarization DRA with square metal waveguide structure....
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...Efforts have been made to achieve the gain up to 22 dBi with curvilinearly and linearly tapered launching conical horn dielectric rod with a length of 20λ [9], but the larger length results in low radiation efficiency and higher sidelobe [6], [10], [14]....
[...]

Journal Article•DOI•

Rectangular Dielectric Rod Antenna Fed by Air-Substrate Parallel Strip Line

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Yuefeng Hou¹, Yue Li¹, Zhijun Zhang¹, Quan Xue²•Institutions (2)

Tsinghua University¹, South China University of Technology²

06 Jun 2019-IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation

TL;DR: In this paper, a rectangular dielectric rod antenna fed by an air-substrate parallel strip line is proposed to obtain a relatively uniform magnitude distribution on the surface and a moderate phase constant.

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Abstract: In this paper, a rectangular dielectric rod antenna fed by an air-substrate parallel strip line is proposed. The dielectric rod has a compact and regular structure, which is easy to fabricate. The matching of the antenna is mainly determined by the parallel strip line, which simplifies the design process. Fed by an air-substrate parallel strip line, the antenna obtains a relatively uniform magnitude distribution on the surface and a moderate phase constant. With the length of 6 wavelengths at the center frequency of 6 GHz, the antenna generates a high measured gain of 16.7 dBi. The measured 1 dB gain bandwidth is about 18.3%. Over the entire operating band from 5.4 to 6.6 GHz, a stable endfire radiation pattern and a good matching are achieved by the antenna.

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9 citations

Cites background from "A 24 GHz Dual-Polarized and Robust ..."

...When the end of open-end waveguides were added by launching horns [2], [3] or antipodal linearly tapered slot antennas [10], the unguided radiation from the feed structure could be suppressed....
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...free space and decrease the sidelobe level, the taper dielectric rods [1]–[3] and dielectric rods loading with air holes [4], [5] were adopted in a large number of dielectric rod antennas....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Low-cost and easy manufactured dielectric rod antennas based on 3D printing technology

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Jingxuan Wen¹, Yong-Chang Jiao¹, Yi-Xuan Zhang¹, Zibin Weng¹, Chi Zhang¹ - Show less +1 more•Institutions (1)

Xidian University¹

01 Dec 2019-International Journal of Rf and Microwave Computer-aided Engineering

6 citations

Cites background from "A 24 GHz Dual-Polarized and Robust ..."

...The microstrip line can also be used to excite DRA, while facing the problems of the narrow operating band and high loss in the high frequency.(11) Due to the advantages such as broadband, stable radiation pattern and compact size, the printed log-periodic dipole array (PLPDA) has been widely studied,(12,13) and PLPDA could function as a good feeder to DRA....
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Journal Article•DOI•

High-Gain Dielectric Endfire Antenna by Forward Scattering of Dielectric Spheres

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Utpal Dey¹, Souvik Agasti, Jan Hesselbarth¹•Institutions (1)

University of Stuttgart¹

14 Oct 2020-IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters

TL;DR: In this article, the superposition of fundamental transverse electric and magnetic dipole modes of dielectric spheres has been shown to increase the directivity of a slab radiator by more than 6dB for a prototype antenna operating around 90 GHz and by almost 4dB for another antenna operating at 200 GHz.

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Abstract: Forward scattering of an electromagnetic wave on a spherical dielectric resonator is applied to enhance endfire directivity of tapered dielectric rod radiators. An analysis of electromagnetic wave scattering using Mie theory shows that the superposition of fundamental transverse electric and magnetic dipole modes of dielectric spheres increases directivity in forward direction. A compact arrangement with four dielectric spheres is shown to increase the directivity of a dielectric slab radiator by more than 6 dB for a prototype antenna operating around 90 GHz, and by almost 4 dB for another antenna operating at 200 GHz.

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6 citations

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References

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Open Access

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Book•

Broadband Microstrip Antennas

[...]

Girish Kumar, Kamla Prasan Ray

01 Oct 2002

TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide an exhaustive coverage of broadband techniques, including the most up-to-date information to help users choose and design the optimum broadband microstrip antenna configurations without sacrificing other antenna parameters.

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Abstract: Look to this new, cutting-edge microstrip antenna book for the first exhaustive coverage of broadband techniques, including the most up-to-date information to help you choose and design the optimum broadband microstrip antenna configurations for your applications, without sacrificing other antenna parameters. The book shows you how to take advantage of the lightweight, low volume benefits of these antennas, by providing clear explanations of the various configurations and simple design equations that help you analyze and design microstrip antennas with speed and confidence. This practical resource offers you a comprehensive understanding of the radiation mechanism and characteristic of microstrip antennas, and provides guidance in designing new types of planar monopole antennas with multi-octave bandwidth. You learn how to select and design proper broadband microstrip antenna configurations for compact, tunable, dual-band and circular polarization applications. Moreover, the book compares all the broadband techniques and suggests the most attractive configuration. Extensively referenced with over 300 illustrations and 140 equations.

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1,436 citations

"A 24 GHz Dual-Polarized and Robust ..." refers background in this paper

...The relative large distance between patch and slots due to the inner FR4 core increases the bandwidth [26]....
[...]
...By shortening the rectangular apertures the resonance frequency of the patch increases [26]....
[...]
...Due to the loading, the transverse field becomes nearly uniform along the aperture and thus enhances the coupling between MSL and patch [26]....
[...]

Book•

The Essence of Dielectric Waveguides

[...]

C. Yeh, Fred Shimabukuro

02 Sep 2008

235 citations

"A 24 GHz Dual-Polarized and Robust ..." refers background in this paper

...4 GHz [25]) which prevents higher order modes from radiating and thus from affecting the radiation characteristic....
[...]

Journal Article•

Polyrod antennas

[...]

G. E. Mueller, W. A. Tyrrell

01 Oct 1947-Bell System Technical Journal

TL;DR: In this article, the polyrod, a new form of microwave end-fire antenna, is described, which consists of a properly shaped dielectric rod protruding from a metal waveguide.

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Abstract: The polyrod, a new form of microwave endfire antenna, is described. This consists of a properly shaped dielectric rod protruding from a metal waveguide. For applications requiring moderate gain, it possesses desirable electrical and mechanical properties. It is useful as a unit antenna in broadside arrays on account of its low crosstalk into adjacent polyrods. This paper describes work done from 1941 to 1944 at the Bell Telephone Laboratories, Holmdel, N. J. Important individual contributions are acknowledged in some of the footnotes. A report of this development has been withheld from earlier publication for reasons of military security.

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188 citations

"A 24 GHz Dual-Polarized and Robust ..." refers methods in this paper

...Work regarding the radiation mechanism and optimization of the taper profile has been done by Mueller and Tyrrell [7], Neumann [8], and James [9], [10]....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Elektromagnetische Wellen an dielektrischen Drähten

[...]

D. Hondros, P. Debye

01 Jan 1910-Annalen der Physik

138 citations

"A 24 GHz Dual-Polarized and Robust ..." refers background in this paper

...The research on dielectric waveguides and rod antennas dates back to 1910 when Hondros and Debey [2] theoretically showed that it is possible for electromagnetic waves to be guided by dielectric wires....
[...]

Journal Article•DOI•

Dielectric tapered rod antennas for millimeter-wave applications

[...]

S. Kobayashi, Raj Mittra¹, R. Lampe¹•Institutions (1)

University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign¹

01 Jan 1982-IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation

TL;DR: Tapered dielectric rod antennas of rectangular cross section were developed for possible application in millimeter-wave Dielectric integrated circuits in this paper, where design principles for a maximum gain design were described, and an example was given.

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Abstract: Tapered dielectric rod antennas of rectangular cross section are developed for possible application in millimeter-wave dielectric integrated circuits. Design principles for a maximum gain design are described, and an example is given. Experimental results for antennas designed for low sidelobes and for maximum gain are presented.

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115 citations