A 4-Year Trial of Tiotropium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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Cites background or methods from "A 4-Year Trial of Tiotropium in chr..."
...COPD should be treated as usual, as there is no evidence that COPD should be treated differently in the presence of IHD (75, 79, 177)....
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...More than 80% of exacerbations can be managed on an outpatient basis (51, 79, 120) with pharmacologic therapies including bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and antibiotics....
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...As for IHD, this statement is based on findings from large long-term studies in patients with HF and comorbid COPD (75, 79, 177)....
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...Smoking cessation, influenza and pneumococcal vaccines, knowledge of current therapy including inhaler technique, and treatment with longacting inhaled bronchodilators, with or without inhaled corticosteroids, and phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors are all therapies that reduce the number of exacerbations and hospitalizations (75, 79, 81, 82, 166, 167)....
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