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All figures (28)
Fig. 18: Flame structure for CO/H2/O2/He. He/O2 = 7.0, φ = 2.0, fH2 = 1.0, Tu = 298 K, p = 10 atm. (conditions as in Fig.8 top).
Fig. 4: Laminar flame speeds of CO/H2-air mixtures using the reduced (dashed lines) and skeletal (full lines) mechanisms. Symbols: experimental results of Vagelopoulos and Egolfopoulos [48]. Tu = 298 K, p = 1 atm, XN2/XO2 = 3.76.
Fig. 3: Laminar flame speeds of syngas mixtures ( CO/H2/CH4/CO2/N2-air ) using the reduced (dashed lines) and the skeletal (full lines) mechanisms. Symbols: experimental results of Yong et al. [27]. fCH4 = 0.24 with 11% CO2 and 42.7% N2 in the fuel mixture. Tu = 298 K, p = 1 atm, XN2/XO2 = 3.76. Error bars from [27] are also shown.
Table 3: The skeletal mechanism. Units are in cm, s, mol, cal, K.
Fig. 14: Laminar flame speeds of CO/CH4/H2O/O2/N2 mixtures using the reduced (dashed lines) and skeletal (continuous lines) mechanisms. Symbols: GRI Mech 3.0 predictions. fCH4 = 5/95, Tu = 600 K at p = 1 and 10 atm.
Fig. 8: Laminar flame speeds of CO/H2 mixtures using the reduced (dashed lines) and skeletal (continuous lines) mechanisms. Symbols: experimental results of Sun et al. [33]. At p = 1 atm the oxidizer is O2,N2 with XN2/XO2 = 3.76. At p = 5, 10, 20 atm the oxidizer is O2 and He with XHe/XO2 = 7.0. Open symbols: experimental results of Singh et al. [21].
Fig. 19: Flame structure for CO/H2/CH4/H2O/CO2/O2/N2 with 25% H2O. φ = 1.0, fH2 = 5/95, fCH4 = 5/95, fCO2 = 0.5, Tu = 600 K, p = 1 atm. (conditions as in Fig.11).
Fig. 22: Ignition delay times of CO/H2/CO2/O2/N2 mixtures using the reduced (dashed lines) and skeletal (continuous lines) mechanisms. Symbols: experimental data of [28], 8.91%H2 + 11.58%CO+ 24.44%CO2 + 10.25%O2 + 44.83%N2.62
Fig. 21: Ignition delay times of CO/H2/O2/N2 mixtures ( XN2/XO2 = 3.76) for φ = 0.5 using the reduced (dashed lines) and skeletal (continuous lines) mechanisms. Symbols: experimental results of Kalitan et al. [55]. Also shown for comparison are the results with the skeletal mechanism of Boivin et al. [14] (dashed lines with ×) for the fH2 = 20/80 case.
Fig. 15: Flame structure for CO/H2/O2/N2. φ = 0.8, fH2 = 5/95, Tu = 400 K, p = 1 atm. (conditions as in Fig.5 top).
Fig. 1: Laminar flame speeds of CO/H2/H2O-air mixtures using the reduced (dashed lines) and skeletal (full lines) mechanisms. Open circles: Li et al. [31] mechanism results from [22]. Also shown are the predictions using the skeletal mechanism of Boivin et al. (dashed lines with ×) [14]. Filled symbols: experimental results of Das et al. [22]. Tu = 323 K, p = 1 atm, fH2 = 5/95, XN2/XO2 = 3.76.
Fig. 2: Laminar flame speeds of CO/H2/H2O mixtures using the reduced (dashed lines) and skeletal (continuous lines) mechanisms. Filled symbols: experimental results of Singh et al. [21]. p = 1 atm, Tu = 400 K, φ = 1, oxidiser is O2,N2 with XN2/XO2 = 3.76.
Fig. 7: Laminar flame speeds of CO/H2/CO2/O2/N2 mixtures using the reduced (dashed lines) and skeletal (continuous lines) mechanisms . Symbols: experimental results of Natarajan et al. [49]. fH2 = 5/95 and 1.0, at p = 1 atm, XN2/XO2 = 3.76 with 10% and 20% CO2 dilution.
Fig. 6: Laminar flame speeds of CO/H2 mixtures using the reduced (dashed lines) and skeletal (continuous lines) mechanisms. Filled symbols: experimental results of Singh et al. [21]. p = 1 atm, oxidizer is air.
Fig. 16: Flame structure for CO/H2/O2/N2. φ = 0.8, fH2 = 5/95, Tu = 700 K, p = 1 atm. (conditions as in Fig.5 top).
Fig. 11: Laminar flame speeds of CO/H2/CH4/H2O/CO2/O2/N2 mixtures using the reduced (dashed lines) and skeletal (continuous lines) mechanisms. Symbols: GRI Mech 3.0 results. fH2 = 5/95, fCH4 = 5/95, fCO2 = 0.5, Tu = 600 K at p = 1 and 10 atm.
Table 4: The range of fuel composition and operating conditions tested.
Table 1: The first 40 most sensitive reactions from GRI-Mech 3.0. The sensitivity analysis was conducted at Tu=323 K, φ=0.9, fH2 = 5/95 with H2O%=20%.
Fig. 10: Laminar flame speeds of CO/H2/CH4/CO2/O2/N2 mixtures using the reduced (dashed lines) and skeletal (continuous lines) mechanisms. Symbols: experimental results of Park et al. [54], p = 1 atm, Tu = 298 K. 49
Fig. 12: Laminar flame speeds of CO/H2/H2O/CO2/O2/N2 mixtures using the reduced (dashed lines) and skeletal (continuous lines) mechanisms. Symbols: GRI Mech 3.0 results. fH2 = 5/95, fCO2 = 0.5, Tu = 600 K at p = 1 and 10 atm.
Fig. 5: Laminar flame speeds of CO/H2/O2/N2 mixtures using the reduced (dashed lines) and skeletal ( continuous lines ) mechanisms. Also shown are the results using the 4- step reduced mechanism of [14] ( open squares ), the skeletal mechanism of [14] ( open circles ) from the same study, and the implementation of the skeletal mechanism of [14] in this study (dashed-dotted lines). Symbols: experimental results of Natarajan et al. [49]. fH2 = 5/95 and 1.0, at p = 1 atm, XN2/XO2 = 3.76, for Tu = 400, 500, 600 and 700 K.
Table 5: Time in s of the run for each condition using PREMIX [45] with thermal and multi-component diffusion.
Fig. 17: Flame structure for CO/H2/O2/He. He/O2 = 7.0, φ = 2.0, fH2 = 1.0, Tu = 298 K, p = 5 atm. (conditions as in Fig.8 top).
Fig. 20: Flame structure for CO/H2/CH4/H2O/CO2/O2/N2 with 25% H2O. φ = 1.0, fH2 = 5/95, fCH4 = 5/95, fCO2 = 0.5, Tu = 600 K, p = 10 atm. (conditions as in Fig.11).
Table 2: The first 40 most sensitive reactions from GRI-Mech 3.0. The sensitivity analysis was conducted at Tu=323 K, φ=0.9, fCH4 = 5/95 with H2O%=20%.
Fig. 13: Laminar flame speeds of CO/H2/H2O/O2/N2 mixtures using the reduced (dashed lines) and skeletal (continuous lines) mechanisms. Symbols: GRI Mech 3.0 predictions. fH2 = 5/95, Tu = 600 K at p = 1 and 10 atm.
Fig. 9: Laminar flame mass burning rate for CO/H2/O2/Ar mixtures using the reduced (dashed lines) and skeletal (continuous lines) mechanisms. Filled symbols: experimental data of Burke et al. [34]. Tu = 295 K, φ = 2.5, XAr/XO2 = 10.95.
Fig. 23: Ignition delay times of CO/H2/H2O/CH4/O2/N2 mixtures using the reduced (dashed lines) and skeletal (continuous lines) mechanisms. Symbols: experimental data of [56]. φ = 1, p = 5 atm. Mixture: 3H2 +CO+H2O+ 4O2 +CH4 + 16N2.
Journal Article
•
DOI
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A 5-step reduced mechanism for combustion of CO/H2/H2O/CH4/CO2 mixtures with low hydrogen/methane and high H2O content
[...]
Zacharias M. Nikolaou
1
,
Jyh-Yuan Chen
2
,
Nedunchezhian Swaminathan
1
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Institutions (2)
University of Cambridge
1
,
University of California, Berkeley
2
01 Jan 2013
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Combustion and Flame