Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the coordinate system and experimental specimen orientations in relation to anatomical directions. The unit vec tor E1 is parallel to the local split-line direction, the unit vector E3 is perpendicular to the articular surface, and the unit vector E2 is per pendicular to the split-line direction and parallel to the surface. The cylinders labeled P11, P22, and P33 represent specimens loaded in ten sion or compression along the E1, E2, and E3 directions, respectively
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