A biorefinery from Nannochloropsis sp. microalga – Extraction of oils and pigments. Production of biohydrogen from the leftover biomass
TL;DR: The microalgal biomass, which has a high lipid and pigment content (mainly carotenoids), was submitted to supercritical CO2 extraction and was effectively used as feedstock to produce biohydrogen through dark fermentation by Enterobacter aerogenes resulting in a hydrogen production yield of 60.6 mL/g dry biomass.
About: This article is published in Bioresource Technology.The article was published on 2013-05-01 and is currently open access. It has received 263 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Biohydrogen & Dark fermentation.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: The present review describes the advantages of microalgae for the production of biofuels and various bioactive compounds and discusses culturing parameters.
Abstract: Microalgae have recently attracted considerable interest worldwide, due to their extensive application potential in the renewable energy, biopharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries. Microalgae are renewable, sustainable, and economical sources of biofuels, bioactive medicinal products, and food ingredients. Several microalgae species have been investigated for their potential as value-added products with remarkable pharmacological and biological qualities. As biofuels, they are a perfect substitute to liquid fossil fuels with respect to cost, renewability, and environmental concerns. Microalgae have a significant ability to convert atmospheric CO2 to useful products such as carbohydrates, lipids, and other bioactive metabolites. Although microalgae are feasible sources for bioenergy and biopharmaceuticals in general, some limitations and challenges remain, which must be overcome to upgrade the technology from pilot-phase to industrial level. The most challenging and crucial issues are enhancing microalgae growth rate and product synthesis, dewatering algae culture for biomass production, pretreating biomass, and optimizing the fermentation process in case of algal bioethanol production. The present review describes the advantages of microalgae for the production of biofuels and various bioactive compounds and discusses culturing parameters.
1,125 citations
Cites background from "A biorefinery from Nannochloropsis ..."
...Stress conditions are unfavorable environmental factors, such as strong light, high salinity, high temperature, deprivation of nitrogen or other nutrients, short-term exposure to UV radiation, or a combination of these factors [152]....
[...]
TL;DR: The economic potential assessment of microalgae biorefinery was evaluated and high-value co-products produced through the extraction of a fraction of algae were evaluated to highlight the feasibility of the process.
910 citations
Cites background from "A biorefinery from Nannochloropsis ..."
...However, low selectivity and excessive solvent requirements lead to the alternative of using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) (Nobre et al., 2013)....
[...]
...Several methods have been carried out to analyze the fatty acids in marine microalga, these methods include Bligh and Dryer extraction, solvent extraction and sonication, direct saponification and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) (Li et al., 2014)....
[...]
...These pigments have been applied as precursors of vitamins in food and animal feed, additives, cosmetics, pharmaceutical industries, food coloring agents and biomaterials (Krupa et al., 2010; Nobre et al., 2013; Tamiaki et al., 2014; Zhou et al., 2015)....
[...]
...The utilization of SFE technique was proved to be most effective in the extraction of EPA and DHA from microalgae, as it obtained the highest yield and reduced energy consumption (Yen et al., 2015)....
[...]
TL;DR: This paper aims to provide a review on the available literature about the cultivation of microalgae for the accumulation of high-value compounds along with lipids or carbohydrates focusing on stress cultivation conditions.
657 citations
Cites background from "A biorefinery from Nannochloropsis ..."
...The multiplecommodity production of a biorefinery improves the utilization of biomass feedstock maximizing its value (Demirbas, 2009; Nobre et al., 2013; Subhadra, 2010; Vanthoor-Koopmans et al., 2013)....
[...]
...Therefore, improvements of the economic feasibility of the biofuel production could be attainedby the cultivation ofmicroalgae for simultaneous production of specific high-value compounds and biofuels combined in a biorefinery concept (Campenni' et al., 2013; Carriquiry et al., 2011; Nobre et al., 2013; Singh et al., 2011a; Yaşar, 2007)....
[...]
TL;DR: The review considers the potential of microalgae to produce a range of products and indicates future directions for developing suitable criteria for choosing novel isolates through bioprospecting large gene pool of microalga obtained from various habitats and climatic conditions.
Abstract: Microalgal species are potential resource of both biofuels and high-value metabolites, and their production is growth dependent. Growth parameters can be screened for the selection of novel microalgal species that produce molecules of interest. In this context our review confirms that, autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms have demonstrated a dual potential, namely the ability to produce lipids as well as value-added products (particularly carotenoids) under influence of various physico-chemical stresses on microalgae. Some species of microalgae can synthesize, besides some pigments, very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VL-PUFA,>20C) such as docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, those have significant applications in food and health. Producing value-added by-products in addition to biofuels, fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), and lipids has the potential to improve microalgae-based biorefineries by employing either the autotrophic or the heterotrophic mode, which could be an offshoot of biotechnology. The review considers the potential of microalgae to produce a range of products and indicates future directions for developing suitable criteria for choosing novel isolates through bioprospecting large gene pool of microalga obtained from various habitats and climatic conditions.
335 citations
TL;DR: Astaxanthin is a member of the xanthophyll family of carotenoids and constitutes the highest value product derived by microalgae as mentioned in this paper, and is extracted from the freshwater green microalgal strain Haematococcus pluvialis.
Abstract: The freshwater green microalgal strain Haematococcus pluvialis is the richest source for the production of astaxanthin. Astaxanthin is member of the xanthophyll family of carotenoids and constitutes the highest value product derived by microalgae. So far, algal astaxanthin amounts to
319 citations
References
More filters
TL;DR: The lipid decomposition studies in frozen fish have led to the development of a simple and rapid method for the extraction and purification of lipids from biological materials that has been applied to fish muscle and may easily be adapted to use with other tissues.
Abstract: Lipid decomposition studies in frozen fish have led to the development of a simple and rapid method for the extraction and purification of lipids from biological materials. The entire procedure can...
46,099 citations
TL;DR: The first use of microalgae by humans dates back 2000 years to the Chinese, who used Nostoc to survive during famine, while future research should focus on the improvement of production systems and the genetic modification of strains.
3,793 citations
TL;DR: This one-step direct transesterification procedure carried out in methanol-benzene 4:1 with acetyl chloride is superior to currently used methods not onlyBecause of its simplicity and speed, but also because of its added precision.
2,315 citations
TL;DR: The screening of microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris, Spirulinamaxima, Nannochloropsis sp., Neochloris oleabundans, Scenedesmus obliquus and Dunaliella tertiolecta) was done in order to choose the best one(s) in terms of quantity and quality as oil source for biofuel production.
Abstract: Biofuels demand is unquestionable in order to reduce gaseous emissions (fossil CO2, nitrogen and sulfur oxides) and their purported greenhouse, climatic changes and global warming effects, to face the frequent oil supply crises, as a way to help non-fossil fuel producer countries to reduce energy dependence, contributing to security of supply, promoting environmental sustainability and meeting the EU target of at least of 10% biofuels in the transport sector by 2020. Biodiesel is usually produced from oleaginous crops, such as rapeseed, soybean, sunflower and palm. However, the use of microalgae can be a suitable alternative feedstock for next generation biofuels because certain species contain high amounts of oil, which could be extracted, processed and refined into transportation fuels, using currently available technology; they have fast growth rate, permit the use of non-arable land and non-potable water, use far less water and do not displace food crops cultures; their production is not seasonal and they can be harvested daily. The screening of microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris, Spirulina
maxima, Nannochloropsis sp., Neochloris oleabundans, Scenedesmus obliquus and Dunaliella tertiolecta) was done in order to choose the best one(s), in terms of quantity and quality as oil source for biofuel production. Neochloris oleabundans (fresh water microalga) and Nannochloropsis sp. (marine microalga) proved to be suitable as raw materials for biofuel production, due to their high oil content (29.0 and 28.7%, respectively). Both microalgae, when grown under nitrogen shortage, show a great increase (~50%) in oil quantity. If the purpose is to produce biodiesel only from one species, Scenedesmus obliquus presents the most adequate fatty acid profile, namely in terms of linolenic and other polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, the microalgae Neochloris oleabundans, Nannochloropsis sp. and Dunaliella tertiolecta can also be used if associated with other microalgal oils and/or vegetable oils.
1,287 citations