A Bluetooth-based sensor network with Web interface
21 Nov 2005-IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement (IEEE)-Vol. 54, Iss: 6, pp 2359-2363
TL;DR: Based on a Piconet, the proposed network supports Web-server capabilities, allowing the wireless sensors to be accessed by commercial browsers through the Internet, and Measurements about power dissipation, area coverage, and response time confirm the proposednetwork feasibility and effectiveness.
Abstract: In this paper, a Bluetooth-based sensor network is presented. Based on a Piconet, the proposed network supports Web-server capabilities, allowing the wireless sensors to be accessed by commercial browsers through the Internet. An experimental setup has been realized using three temperature sensors, and related information has been viewed by PC clients. Measurements about power dissipation, area coverage, and response time confirm the proposed network feasibility and effectiveness.
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TL;DR: Experimental results prove the applicability in a soft real-time (nontime-critical) industrial context of a smart-transducer wireless network for industrial applications based on IEEE802.11.
Abstract: This paper deals with a smart-transducer wireless network for industrial applications. Thanks to its high popularity, a solution based on IEEE802.11 (also known as wireless fidelity or Wi-Fi) is experimentally investigated. A master-slave network organization is proposed to allow several sensors to be connected with generic Wi-Fi devices like PCs; a proprietary protocol over Internet Protocol (IP)/User Datagram Protocol (UDP) has also been developed. Last, some low-cost prototypes have been built to test the network behavior performances in terms of timing characteristics and power dissipation. Experimental results prove the applicability in a soft real-time (nontime-critical) industrial context.
61 citations
Cites background from "A Bluetooth-based sensor network wi..."
...Up to now, simpler BT-based solutions are available [5]; actually, BT could be preferable with respect to IEEE802....
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19 Jun 2006
TL;DR: The goals of the FWSP architecture are to establish: common controller-hardware (system on module), a common control program, common device drivers, a common managed objects base, and a common appearance to higher-level sensor network management.
Abstract: In this paper, we propose the use of standard, verifiable, common approach Platform called The Flexible Wireless Sensor platform (FWSP) architecture which had following features remote internet enabler, Reconfiguration by parameter which improve precision, Dynamic addition of sensor nodes, and fault tolerance which increase the reliability, stability. The goals of the FWSP architecture are to establish: common controller-hardware(System on module), a common control program, common device drivers, a common managed objects base, and a common appearance to higher-level sensor network management. The proposed platform architecture offers flexibility, easy customization ,and seamless system integration. An Experiment has been established based on wireless communication channel. using wireless Lan ( IEEE802.11) [1] as primary communication channel on our prototype Sensor node , I2C /Smbus [2] device such as temperature sensors, and desire sensor information can be viewed, and Sensor parameter can be adjusted to meet demanding. Measurements about the development time , sensor reconfiguration and confirm the proposed framework feasibility and effectiveness.
50 citations
TL;DR: A simple, portable and low-cost system for non-invasive and real-time measurement of physical parameters is proposed and experimentally characterized and the experimental characterization of the prototype has demonstrated the validity of this approach.
Abstract: In the last few years, the availability of powerful personal computing devices, like smartphones, has opened new scenarios to the so called “Body Area Network” (BAN), i.e., sensor networks specifically designed to monitor physical conditions of the user. The traditional methods adopted to monitor physical parameters, like heart beat rate or exertion level, are not suitable for real-time measurements. However, a continuous monitoring of such kind of parameters would allow the athletes to constantly control their physical conditions, furnishing useful information to prevent overstrain and to improve their performance. In this work, a simple, portable and low-cost system for non-invasive and real-time measurement of physical parameters is proposed and experimentally characterized. It is composed of three units: the sensor apparatus, electronic interface circuit, and the data transmission unit. Two different sensors are combined in a unique structure to be placed in a clip-like fashion on the earlobe or other body part of a person. A photoplethysmographic sensor is used to optically measure the changes of blood volume in the arteries, thus to acquire information about heart beat, blood pressure, and arrhythmias. The second sensor is composed of two electrodes, hence an impedance measurement of the tissue is carried out. The impedance estimation can be used to monitor the dielectric properties of biological tissues and fluids, like blood flow. A commercial battery-operated Bluetooth earphone is used both to transmit sensor data and to provide the power supply for the sensors and the first conditioning electronics. Data transmission is operated by the standard Bluetooth Hands-Free profile; therefore, sensor data can be easily acquired, elaborated and visualized by a broad range of commercial devices. In fact, Hands-Free is the only Bluetooth data communication profile supported by any smartphone, from the low-cost ones to the high-end devices. The experimental characterization of the prototype, performed by using a specifically designed application for Android smartphone systems, has demonstrated the validity of the proposed approach.
48 citations
TL;DR: This research presents and evaluates standard-based solutions to better understand the feasibility of applying existing standards to the IoT vision and believes that by hosting open standard protocols on IoT devices, not only do the devices become self-describable, self-contained, and interoperable, but innovative applications can also be easily developed with standardized interfaces.
Abstract: Recently, researchers are focusing on a new use of the Internet called the Internet of Things (IoT), in which enabled electronic devices can be remotely accessed over the Internet. As the realization of IoT concept is still in its early stages, manufacturers of Internet-connected devices and IoT web service providers are defining their proprietary protocols based on their targeted applications. Consequently, IoT becomes heterogeneous in terms of hardware capabilities and communication protocols. Addressing these heterogeneities by following open standards is a necessary step to communicate with various IoT devices. In this research, we assess the feasibility of applying existing open standards on resource-constrained IoT devices. The standard protocols developed in this research are OGC PUCK over Bluetooth, TinySOS, SOS over CoAP, and OGC SensorThings API. We believe that by hosting open standard protocols on IoT devices, not only do the devices become self-describable, self-contained, and interoperable, but innovative applications can also be easily developed with standardized interfaces. In addition, we use memory consumption, request message size, response message size, and response latency to benchmark the efficiency of the implemented protocols. In all, this research presents and evaluates standard-based solutions to better understand the feasibility of applying existing standards to the IoT vision.
40 citations
Cites background from "A Bluetooth-based sensor network wi..."
...[16] proposed a new architecture for the sensor networks to integrate the Bluetooth-enabled sensors with Internet-connected computers....
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TL;DR: A very simple hardware implementation of an IR-UWB radio is exploited for realizing an accurate synchronization system for wireless sensors, designed for providing accurate timestamping of the packet time of arrival to an adder-based tunable clock, which tracks the network time reference.
Abstract: Wireless sensor networks are becoming widely diffused because of the flexibility and scalability they offer. However, distributed measurements are significant only if the readout is coupled to time information. For this reason, network-wide time synchronization is the main concern. The objective of this paper is to exploit a very simple hardware implementation of an IR-UWB radio for realizing an accurate synchronization system for wireless sensors. The proposed solution relies on commercial-off-the-shelf discrete electronic components (rather than on specialized transceivers). It is designed for providing accurate timestamping of the packet time of arrival (TOA) to an adder-based tunable clock, which tracks the network time reference. The comprehensive set of experimental results based on prototypes, shows a TOA detection error with a standard deviation well below 1 ns. On the other hand, in the FPGA-based prototype, the synchronization performance reaches an overall synchronization error of few nanoseconds. Finally, in order to highlight the tradeoff between timestamping accuracy, clock stability, and synchronization performance, some additional simulations have been carried out: a synchronization error in the order of 1 ns is possible, if good local oscillator sources are available in the nodes and if the adjustable clock has a sufficient resolution.
38 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this article, the prospect of small fuel cells replacing batteries in portable equipment is considered in terms of their prospective energy density, technological feasibility, safety and cost, and fuel cells seem to be best suited to applications where significantly more energy storage is required than at present in portable devices.
655 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the cost and safety aspects of small fuel cells based on conventional electrochemistry will need to be addressed before there is widespread commercialization, however, there is growing interest in the replacement of batteries by fuel cells for portable consumer electronics such as cellular phones, laptop computers, digital cameras etc.
180 citations
"A Bluetooth-based sensor network wi..." refers background in this paper
...Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TIM.2005.858564 of wireless solutions must be done to choose among proprietary or standard implementations....
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01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: While Bluetooth offers robust and convenient ad hoc communication, preliminary experiments suggest that the Bluetooth standard could benefit from improved support for symmetric communication establishment and slave-to-slave communication.
Abstract: Future ubiquitous computing devices will need to communicate with other smart devices in an ad hoc fashion, using minimal power and possibly without the help of a central infrastructure. However, so far no single communication technology has established itself in the field of ubiquitous computing: many current wireless communication technologies seem to lack robustness, consume too much energy, or require an infrastructure to be viable candidates. In order to evaluate the suitability of the new and promising Bluetooth standard for such communication requirements, we have integrated a Bluetooth module into the first prototype of a distributed sensor network node, developed within the European Smart-Its research project. While Bluetooth offers robust and convenient ad hoc communication, preliminary experiments suggest that the Bluetooth standard could benefit from improved support for symmetric communication establishment and slave-to-slave communication.
99 citations
"A Bluetooth-based sensor network wi..." refers background in this paper
...Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TIM.2005.858564 of wireless solutions must be done to choose among proprietary or standard implementations....
[...]
TL;DR: A communication profile based on Ethernet is proposed which makes possible its use at low level of factory communication systems and the implementation of two real-time protocols are analysed.
65 citations
"A Bluetooth-based sensor network wi..." refers background in this paper
...With the idea of a distributed factory or, generically, of a remote supervision, new technologies related to the Internet become predominant [1]....
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07 Nov 2002
TL;DR: A network architecture is proposed to reduce Web-sensor structural complexity and Transducer and electronic datasheets are directly interfaced to Internet through an HTTP-based protocol, that has been inspired by IEEE1451.
Abstract: This paper deals with Web sensors with particular attention to data structures and interfacing features described by IEEE1451 standard. A network architecture is proposed to reduce Web-sensor structural complexity. Transducer and electronic datasheets (TEDS) are directly interfaced to Internet through an HTTP-based protocol, that has been inspired by IEEE1451.2 Transducer Independent Interface (TII). Finally, a working prototype has been realized and some tests have been carried out to evaluate functionalities and real performances.
34 citations