A Briefing on the Manufacture of Hip Joint Prostheses
TL;DR: A brief review of some of the key aspects of abrasive polishing, including adaptability and sustainability of artificial materials to human body, selection of materials, precision fabrication and efficient replacement operation are provided.
Abstract: To produce lifelong, harmless hip joint prostheses, considerable cross-disciplinary studies have been carried out. The research includes adaptability and sustainability of artificial materials to human body, selection of materials, precision fabrication and efficient replacement operation. This paper provides a brief review of some of these key aspects with some details in abrasive polishing.
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TL;DR: In this article, the effect of reinforcement on the wear mechanism of metal matrix composites (MMCs) was investigated by considering different parameters, such as sliding distance (6 km), pressure (0.14-1.1 MPa) and sliding speed (230-1480 r/min).
106 citations
TL;DR: Most biomaterials used for bio-implants are reviewed in this article, and typical manufacturing processes are discussed in order to provide a perspective on the development of manufacturing fundamentals and latest technologies.
Abstract: Bioimplants are becoming increasingly important in the modern society due to the fact of an aging population and associated issues of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. The manufacturing of bioimplants involves an understanding of both mechanical engineering and biomedical science to produce biocompatible products with adequate lifespans. A suitable selection of materials is the prerequisite for a long-term and reliable service of the bioimplants, which relies highly on the comprehensive understanding of the material properties. In this paper, most biomaterials used for bioimplants are reviewed. The typical manufacturing processes are discussed in order to provide a perspective on the development of manufacturing fundamentals and latest technologies. The review also contains a discussion on the current measurement and evaluation constraints of the finished bioimplant products. Potential future research areas are presented at the end of this paper.
84 citations
Cites background from "A Briefing on the Manufacture of Hi..."
...With the development of sophisticated polishing machines, the roughness of polished spherical cups and balls have reached nanoscale [125]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of machining methods on fatigue life of commonly used materials, such as titanium alloys, steel, aluminium alloys and nickel alloys from previous literature are investigated.
Abstract: A correlation between machining process and fatigue strength of machined components clearly exists. However, a complete picture of the knowledge on this is not readily available for practical applications. This study addresses this issue by investigating the effects of machining methods on fatigue life of commonly used materials, such as titanium alloys, steel, aluminium alloys and nickel alloys from previous literature. Effects of turning, milling, grinding and different non-conventional machining processes on fatigue strength of above-mentioned materials have been investigated in detail with correlated information. It is found that the effect of materials is not significant except steel in which phase change causes volume expansion, resulting in compressive/tensile residual stresses based on the amounts of white layers. It is very complex to identify the influence of surface roughness on the fatigue strength of machined components in the presence of residual stresses. The polishing process improves the surface roughness, but removes the surface layers that contain compressive residual stresses to decrease the fatigue strength of polished specimens. The compressive and tensile residual stresses improve and reduce fatigue strength, respectively. Grinding process induces tensile residual stresses on the machined surfaces due to high temperature generation. On the other hand, milling and turning processes induce compressive residual stresses. High temperature non-conventional machining generates a network of micro-cracks on the surfaces in addition to tensile residual stresses to subsequently reduce fatigue strength of machined components. Embedded grits of abrasive water jet machining degrade the fatigue performance of components machined by this method.
35 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the mechanism of wire EDM of metal matrix composites (MMCs) with different sizes of reinforced particles as well as the corresponding unreinforced matrix material and showed that the particles' ability to protect matrix materials from the intense heat of electric arc controls the material removal rate, surface generation, and taper of kerf.
Abstract: The size of reinforced particles notably affects the electro-discharge machining (EDM) of metal matrix composites (MMCs). This paper explores the mechanism of wire EDM of MMCs with different sizes of reinforced particles as well as the corresponding unreinforced matrix material. The mechanisms of material removal, surface generation, and taper kerf formation were investigated. This study shows that the particles’ ability to protect matrix materials from the intense heat of electric arc controls the material removal rate, surface generation, and taper of kerf. The low melting point matrix material is removed very easily, but the heat resistance reinforced particles delay the removal of material and facilitate the transfer of the workpiece material to wire electrode and vice versa. Thus, the material stays longer in touch with intense heat and affects the surface generation, wire electrode wear, and width of the kerf.
34 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the fabrication of metal matrix composite (MMC) using the stir casting method with Aluminum as a base metal and-, silicon carbide and copper as the reinforcements was described.
31 citations
References
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TL;DR: The paper focuses on the loading of the femoral implant component but complete data are additionally stored on an associated compact disc that contains complete gait and hip contact force data as well as calculated muscle activities during walking and stair climbing and the frequencies of daily activities observed in hip patients.
2,028 citations
TL;DR: In one hip in the first patient and in the second patient the direction of large forces approximated the average anteversion of the natural femur, so the joint loading was observed over the first 30 and 18 months, respectively, following implantation.
1,243 citations
TL;DR: The amounts of resorption of the proximal part of the femoral neck and of lysis of the distal part ofthe femur both correlated positively with the extent of linear and volumetric wear; this suggests an association between the amount of debris from wear and these changes in the Femoral Neck and proximal parts of the Femur.
Abstract: A technique was developed to determine the wear of the acetabular component of a total hip replacement by examination of standardized initial and follow-up radiographs. Three hundred and eighty-five hips were followed for at least 9.5 years after replacement. The least amount and rate of linear wear were associated with use of a femoral head that had a diameter of twenty-eight millimeters (p less than 0.001). The greatest amount and mean rate of linear wear occurred with twenty-two-millimeter components, but these differences were not statistically significant. The greatest volumetric wear and mean rate rate of volumetric wear were seen with thirty-two-millimeter components (p less than 0.001). A wider radiolucent line in acetabular Zone 1 was associated with use of the thirty-two-millimeter head. The amounts of resorption of the proximal part of the femoral neck and of lysis of the proximal part of the femur both correlated positively with the extent of linear and volumetric wear; this suggests an association between the amount of debris from wear and these changes in the femoral neck and proximal part of the femur.
1,036 citations
01 Jan 1998
TL;DR: The aim of this monograph is to provide a history of titanium and titanium alloys and their applications in medicine and dentistry, as well as some of the properties of bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics, which have been studied in more detail in the past.
Abstract: Foreword. Introduction. Contributors. Part I: A1. Cortical bone J. Currey. A2. Cancellous bone T.M. Keaveney. A3. Dentine and enamel K.E. Healey. B1. Cartilage J.R. Parsons. B2. Fibrocartilage V.M. Gharpuray. B3. Ligament, tendon and fascia S.L.-Y. Woo, R.E. Levine. B4. Skin and muscle A.F.T. Mak, M. Zhang. B5. Brain tissues S.S. Margulies, D.F. Meaney. B6. Arteries, veins and lymphatic vessels X. Deng, R. Guidoin. B7. The intraocular lens T.V. Chirila. C1. Blood and related fluids V. Turitto, S.M. Slack. C2. The vitreous humour T.V. Chirila, Y. Hong. Part II: 1. Metallic biomaterials J. Breme, V. Biehl. 1a. Stainless steels. 1b. CoCr-based alloys. 1c. Titanium and titanium alloys. 1d. Dental restoration materials. 2. Composite materials L. Ambrosio, G. Carotenuto, L. Nicolais. 3. Thermoplastic polymers in biomedical applications S.H. Teoh, Z.G. Tang, G.W. Hastings. 4. Biomedical elastomers J.W. Boretos, J. Boretos. 5. Oxide bioceramics in medicine and dentistry J. Li, G.W. Hastings. 6. Properties of bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics L.L. Hench, T. Kokubo. 7. Wear M. LaBerge. 8. Degradation/resorption in ceramics in orthopaedics H. Oonishi, H. Oomamiuda. 9. Corrosion of metallic implants M.A. Barbosa. 10. Carbons A.D. Haubold, R.B.More, J.C. Bokros. Part III: 1. General concepts of biocompatibility D.F. Williams. 2. Soft tissue response J.M. Anderson. 3. Hard tissue response T. Albrektsson. 4. Immune response K. Merritt. 5. Cancer M. Rock. 6. Blood-material interactions S.R. Hanson. 7. Soft tissue response to silicones S.E. Gabriel. Index.
568 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: A prospective, national multi-center study of all reoperations after total hip replacement (THR) was started by the Swedish Orthopedic Association in 1979 as discussed by the authors, with the Charnley prosthesis as the gold standard.
Abstract: A prospective, national multi-center study of all reoperations after total hip replacement (THR) was started by the Swedish Orthopedic Association in 1979. The material comprises all THR performed in Sweden, presently more than 10,000 yearly or 130 THR per 100,000 inhabitants; uncemented implants have been used in less than 2 percent. The main reasons for revision have been aseptic loosening 79 percent, infection 10 percent, technical error 6 percent, and dislocation 2 percent. The cumulative rate of revision for deep infection has dropped from 0.9 percent to < 0.5 percent for implants inserted 1979 and 1983, respectively. With the Charnley prosthesis as the gold, standard the performance of other prostheses was analyzed. Improved cementation techniques and anti-infection measures have continuously reduced the revision risk. The register demonstrates that the average orthopedic surgeon cannot match the results achieved by experts. However, the vast majority of THR, worldwide, are not performed by experts. Quality-assurance in this sector of orthopedics demands a continuous analysis of the outcome of these operations.
556 citations