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Journal ArticleDOI

A cage compound derived from cyclotriveratrylene and diphenylglycoluril sub-units

02 Sep 2010-Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas (Elsevier Science bv)-Vol. 108, Iss: 6, pp 215-218
TL;DR: To diphenylglycoluril (2), four aliphatic chains were attached, each with a vanillyl alcohol group at the end as discussed by the authors, and three of them cyclized to form a cyclotriveratrylene unit.
Abstract: To diphenylglycoluril (2), four aliphatic chains were attached, each with a vanillyl alcohol group at the end. In an acid-catalyzed reaction, three of the vanillyl alcohol groups cyclize to form a cyclotriveratrylene unit. The resulting compound (3) has a well-defined cavity and a free, func- tionalized arm. Cyclization of four vanillyl alcohol groups (5) does not occur, probably for steric reasons.

Summary (1 min read)

Introduction

  • Organic molecules containing an intramolecular cavity, as well as a nearby catalytic centre, are currently receiving a great deal of attention as synthetic equivalents of enzymes (so called synzymes)1.
  • In a later stage, these groups can be converted into catalytic functions (Fig. 2,A ).
  • The presence of these isomers can be seen in the l3C N M R spectrum which shows more than one signal for each carbon atom of 3.
  • The authors found that the ratio 3/4 depends on the reaction conditions used.
  • CPK models suggest that a "sofa" form of the cyclotetraveratrylene sub-unit in 5 is not possible for steric reasons.

General

  • Unless otherwise indicated, commercial materials were used as received.
  • Diethyl ether, toluene and hexane were distilled from sodium ketyl, while CHC13 was distilled from CaCl2.
  • FAB mass spectra were recorded on a VG ZAB 2F spectrometer (matrix: 3-nitrobenzyl alcohol).
  • Ele mental analyses were carried out by the Elemental Analytical Section of the Institute for Applied Chemistry TNO, Zeist, The Netherlands.

4-(6-B rom ohexyloxy)-3-m ethoxybenzaldehyde (1)

  • The crude product was crystallized from ether.
  • During this addition, the temperature rose to approximately 30°C.
  • The resulting mixture was stirred for 1 h, brought to pH 6 with concentrated hydrochloric acid and evaporated under reduced pressure.
  • The residue was first purified by gel-permeation chromatography (Sephadex LH-20, eluent CHC13).

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A very convenient and efficient modular approach for the synthesis of hemicryptophane-tren (tren, tris(2-aminoethyl)-amine) derivatives has been developed and was synthesized at the gram scale in four steps from vanillyl alcohol.

37 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The first hemicryptophanes derived from tris(N-alkyl-carbamoylmethyl)amine and tris (2-aminoethyl)amine have been synthesized following a single synthetic pathway that allows the subsequent formation of the two heteroditopic hosts 3 and 4.
Abstract: The first hemicryptophanes derived from tris(N-alkyl-carbamoylmethyl)amine and tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (tren) have been synthesized following a single synthetic pathway that allows the subsequent formation of the two heteroditopic hosts 3 and 4. X-ray crystal structures show a well-defined cavity encapsulating a solvent guest for both compounds emphasizing their complexation properties.

37 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The efficient and selective encapsulation of taurine by the specifically designed hemicryptophane host 1 in a competitive acetonitrile/water medium is reported to lead to a better understanding of its recognition by biological receptors, and to practical applications, such as substrate-selective sensors, membrane transport and extraction of complex mixtures.
Abstract: Taurine has been shown to play numerous important physiological roles in the human organism. As neurotransmitter, taurine is an activator and inhibitor of many receptors. It has been shown to be able to competitively bind at the GABAA receptor [6,7] and to help the prevention of epilepsy as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. Moreover, it has been found to be a neuroprotective agent through its ability to reduce intracellular free calcium concentrations and its anti-oxidative stress capacity. Most of these biological processes involve intermolecular interactions between host and guest partners. Thus, selective encapsulation of taurine in the cavity of an artificial host should lead to a better understanding of its recognition by biological receptors, and to practical applications, such as substrate-selective sensors, membrane transport and extraction of complex mixtures. Although several studies have been reported on the selective complexation of ammonium neurotransmitters, recognitions of zwitterionic ones by host molecules have been less studied, and are mostly based on crown ether and metal complexes. Indeed, taurine and related zwitterionic guests are strongly solvated species, which often makes their complexation energetically unfavorable because they must be removed from the water solution to a medium of much lower dielectric constant, and this acts often as a formidable and unsurpassable barrier to cross. Therefore, strong coordination bonds and/or ionic interactions are mainly involved to complex zwitterionic guests. As a consequence, most of these host–guest complexes are charged and the substrate is not completely desolvated, that is, encapsulated in the confined space of a closed molecular cage. Thus, biomimetic encapsulation of such compounds in a hydrophobic neutral pocket through endohedral weak interactions is still a challenge. Herein, we report the efficient and selective encapsulation of taurine by the specifically designed hemicryptophane host 1 in a competitive acetonitrile/water medium. In order to determine the main factors that intervene in the recognition of taurine (2), guests 3–12 were screened with 1 (Scheme 1). Hemicryptophanes are chiral host molecules that present heteroditopic cavities with all the requirements for catalytic and recognition properties. Recently, we showed that the recognition of ion pairs by the triamide hemicrypto-

35 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Vanillin 6a and isovanillin 6b were converted via Newman-Kwart rearrangement to thiovanillin and isothiovanillins 9a and 9b as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Vanillin 6a and isovanillin 6b were converted via a Newman-Kwart rearrangement to thiovanillin 9a and isothiovanillin 9b, which on S-methylation and subsequent reduction of the aldehyde function gave 3-methoxy-4-methylthio- (3a) and 4-methoxy-3-methylthio-benzylalcohol (3b), respectively. On reaction with formic acid, 3a and 3b afforded in excellent yield the new sulfur substituted cyclotriveratrylene 4. The latter could be desulfurized to cyclotrianisylene 2b, and selectively O-demethylated to the triphenol 11. Optical resolution of 11 gave access to a new family of chiral cyclotriveratrylenes incorporating sulfur substituents, which in turn can be used as starting units for the synthesis of new cryptophanes and related host structures. Analysis of the chiroptical properties of these sulfur substituted cyclotriveratrylenes provided information on the relative influence of the CH3O and CH3S substituents on the electronic transitions of the benzene chromophore. It was inferred from the exciton cir...

34 citations

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TL;DR: The racemic hemicryptophane molecular cage 2 was resolved by semipreparative HPLC on Whelk-O1 column and the absolute configuration of each isolated enantiomer was established from the analysis of their circular dichroism spectra.

28 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
A. Collet1

345 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A l'aide de la spectrometrie RMN, on etudie le dedoublement optique du bromochlorofluoromethane qui est inclus dans une cavite de compose chiral le cryptophane C.
Abstract: A l'aide de la spectrometrie RMN, on etudie le dedoublement optique du bromochlorofluoromethane qui est inclus dans une cavite de compose chiral le cryptophane C

143 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a macro-cyclic N3O3 binding unit with a rigid cyclotriveratrylene unit via three bridges was synthesized by connecting two macropolycyclic molecules.
Abstract: Combination of a receptor unit with a rigid shaping unit produces a new type of receptor molecules of the cryptand class, hollow macropolycyclic molecules termed speleands, capable of substrate inclusion. Two members of this category of compounds 1 and 2, have been synthesized by connecting in a single step, a macro-cyclic [18]-N3O3 binding unit with a rigid cyclotriveratrylene unit via three bridges. Compound 1 binds the rnethylammonium cation forming both external and internal complexes; for the latter a ‘speleme’ structure, schematically represented by 15, may be proposed.

81 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Iwao Tabushi1

73 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: L'hexaaza-24-crown-8 catalyse l'hydrolyse du phosphate d'acetyle en orthophosphate and la synthese de diphosphate.
Abstract: L'hexaaza-24-crown-8 catalyse l'hydrolyse du phosphate d'acetyle en orthophosphate et la synthese de diphosphate

56 citations

Frequently Asked Questions (1)
Q1. What are the contributions in this paper?

To diphenylglycoluril ( 2 ), four aliphatic chains were attached, each with a vanillyl alcohol group at the end this paper.