Journal ArticleDOI
A case of fatal caffeine poisoning.
T. Rudolph,Kai Knudsen +1 more
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TLDR
Excessive intake of caffeine may produce arrhythmias and pronounced hypokalemia and ensuing ventricular fibrillation, and in case of counter‐shock‐resistant VF, it can be necessary to give an early loading dose of amiodarone.Abstract:
Caffeine is a natural alkaloid methylxanthine that is found in various plants such as coffee or tea. Symptoms of a severe overdose may present with hypokalemia, hyponatremia, ventricular arrhythmias, hypertension followed by hypotension, respiratory failure, seizures, rhabdomyolysis, ventricular fibrillation and finally circulatory collapse. A 21-year-old woman called for the ambulance herself soon after the ingestion of about 10,000 mg of caffeine. At the arrival of the ambulance, the patient went into cardiac arrest almost immediately. After a total resuscitation period of 34 min including seven counter-shocks and 2 mg epinephrine, the patient was stable enough to be transferred to the hospital. The patient soon went into VF again and received two more counter-shocks and 1 mg epinephrine and finally an intravenous bolus dose of 300 mg amiodarone. The initial arterial blood gas showed pH at 6.47, lactate at 33 mmol/l and potassium level at 2.3 mmol/l. Unfortunately, no blood samples for caffeine analysis were taken. Three days after hospital admission, the patient developed myoclonus, which did not respond to medical treatment. Excessive intake of caffeine may produce arrhythmias and pronounced hypokalemia and ensuing ventricular fibrillation. In case of counter-shock-resistant VF, it can be necessary to give an early loading dose of amiodarone. Furthermore, it may be beneficial to replace the potassium as early as possible. Epinephrine and buffer solutions used during resuscitation may further decrease blood potassium levels and should be administrated cautiously. Epinephrine can be replaced by other vasopressor drugs, such as vasopressin without effects on beta-receptors.read more
Citations
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Caffeine: Cognitive and Physical Performance Enhancer or Psychoactive Drug?
TL;DR: The present review summarizes the main findings concerning caffeine’s mechanisms of action, use, abuse, dependence, intoxication, and lethal effects, and suggests that the concepts of toxic and lethal doses are relative.
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Caffeine in Floral Nectar Enhances a Pollinator's Memory of Reward
Geraldine A. Wright,Daniel D. Baker,Mary J. Palmer,Daniel Stabler,Julie A. Mustard,Eileen F. Power,Anne M. Borland,Philip C. Stevenson,Philip C. Stevenson +8 more
TL;DR: It is found that caffeine presented at naturalistic levels significantly improved the ability of bees to remember and locate a learned floral scent and potentiated the responses of neurons involved in olfactory learning and memory.
Journal ArticleDOI
Systematic review of the potential adverse effects of caffeine consumption in healthy adults, pregnant women, adolescents, and children
Daniele Wikoff,Brian T. Welsh,Rayetta Henderson,Gregory P. Brorby,Janice K. Britt,Esther Myers,Jeffrey J. Goldberger,Harris R. Lieberman,Charles A. O'Brien,Jennifer D. Peck,Milton Tenenbein,Connie M. Weaver,Seneca Harvey,Jonathan D. Urban,Candace Doepker +14 more
TL;DR: The evidence generally supports that consumption of up to 400 mg caffeine/day in healthy adults is not associated with overt, adverse cardiovascular effects, behavioral effects, reproductive and developmental effects, acute effects, or bone status and a shift in caffeine research to focus on characterizing effects in sensitive populations is supported.
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Lipid emulsions in the treatment of acute poisoning: a systematic review of human and animal studies
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International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: energy drinks.
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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Fatal caffeine overdose: Two case reports
Sarah Kerrigan,Tania Lindsey +1 more
TL;DR: Fatal caffeine overdoses in adults are relatively rare and require the ingestion of a large quantity of the drug, typically in excess of 5 g.
Journal Article
Caffeine and theophylline as adenosine receptor antagonists in humans.
TL;DR: Caffeine withdrawal produced a significant shift to the left of 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine inhibition of aggregation, implying sensitization and/or upregulation of adenosine receptors as seen after chronic exposure to an antagonist.
Journal ArticleDOI
Caffeine fatalities—four case reports
TL;DR: It seems to be warranted to include caffeine in the drug-screening of forensic autopsy cases, although it is not motivated from a medical point of view to sell pure caffeine over the counter.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effect of caffeine on oxygen consumption and metabolic rate in very low birth weight infants with idiopathic apnea
TL;DR: Long-term administration of caffeine in preterm infants is associated with an increase in oxygen consumption and with a reduction of weight gain, which may have implications for clinical practice as nutritional regimens need to be adjusted during this therapy.
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