A century of tree line changes in sub-Arctic Sweden shows local and regional variability and only a minor influence of 20th century climate warming
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A century of tree line changes in sub-Arctic Sweden shows local and regional
- Twentieth century tree line changes in Swedish sub-Arctic Abstract 1 Models project that climate warming will cause the treeline to move to higher 2 elevations in alpine areas and more northerly latitudes in Arctic environments, also known as Running head.
- The lack of 446 recent tree (>2 m) establishment and the browsing scars documented in the tree rings 447 indicated that, in addition to moth herbivory, reindeer browsing is still a controlling 448 factor at these sites (Fig. 5, Table 4).
Tables
- Previous field studies on observed treeline shifts and their presumed causes in the Torneträsk area of sub-Arctic Sweden.
- Browsing damage was classified visually and for five sites also by dendrochronological analysis (the values listed in brackets).
- So as not to bias the results, Mount Nuolja (site S3), for which the two treeline sites were not randomly selected, was not included in the calculation of the mean elevational shift of the treeline in the Torneträsk area.
- Pearson correlation coefficients and R2-values (the proportion of explained variance in documented treeline shifts) obtained by forward selection of the different variables are listed at the bottom of the table.
Figure legends
- The Torneträsk study area in sub-Arctic Sweden.
- The locations of the historical transects and photo points that have been revisited to study changes in the tree line ecotone are indicated.
- The statistically-determined 30%-tree cover isoline is plotted in yellow.
- Upper photo on the left: E. Persson, bottom left: B. Mesch; upper and bottom right: R. Van Bogaert.
- Fig. 8. Tree (>2 m) establishment at the Torneträsk tree line versus summer (June- August) temperature and reindeer population numbers for the period 1800-2000.
Figures
- Historical transects and photo points that have been revisited to study changes in the tree line ecotone are indicated.
- The statistically-determined 30% tree-cover isoline is plotted in yellow.
- Upper photo: E. Persson, lower photo: S. Johnsson.
- Upper photo on the left: E. Persson, bottom left: B. Mesch; upper and bottom right: R. Van Bogaert. relation to disturbance (b) and summer temperature (c) for the period 1964-2006.
- August) temperature and reindeer population numbers for the period 1800-2000.
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Citations
39 citations
Cites background from "A century of tree line changes in s..."
...Additional work has highlighted the herbivory of small and large mammals in affecting seedling fate at treeline in eastern Canada and Sweden (Munier et al., 2010; Van Bogaert et al., 2011), respectively....
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38 citations
38 citations
Cites background from "A century of tree line changes in s..."
...Thus, the biomass of shrubs and trees could potentially have been even higher without reindeers or geometrid moths (Cairns and Moen 2004; Karlsson et al. 2005; Olofsson et al. 2009; Babst et al. 2010; Van Bogaert et al. 2011)....
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...The altitudinal limit of the treeline in the area varies between 650 and 700 m above sea level (Dahlberg et al. 2004; Van Bogaert et al. 2011)....
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...…there has been a general increase in cover and biomass of trees and shrubs in sub-Arctic and Arctic areas (e.g., Sturm et al. 2001; Tape et al. 2006; Danby and Hik 2007; Tømmervik et al. 2009; Forbes et al. 2010; Hallinger et al. 2010; Van Bogaert et al. 2011; Rundqvist et al. 2011, this issue)....
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...Experiments and observations have revealed that herbivores may have a substantial impact on the distribution and abundance of plants in Arctic and sub-Arctic areas (Tenow et al. 2001; Cairns and Moen 2004; Olofsson et al. 2009; Van Bogaert et al. 2009, 2011; Babst et al. 2010)....
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37 citations
Cites background from "A century of tree line changes in s..."
...In Abisko, 140 km northwest of the study area, mountain birch has increased over the last 100 years, but less than predicted (van Bogaert et al. 2011)....
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36 citations
References
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1,003 citations
"A century of tree line changes in s..." refers background in this paper
...In contrast to Harsch et al. (2009) who concluded that the role of disturbance during recent climate warming is restricted to determining when tree line advance will occur, this study shows that disturbance and its after-effects may equally well determine ı́f tree line advance will occur at all....
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...As the location of elevational and polar tree lines is mainly caused by heat deficiency, in the Northern Hemisphere climate warming is expected to cause tree lines to advance to higher elevations and more northerly latitudes (Harsch et al., 2009)....
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...…widely held expectations of vegetation responses to warming, i.e. that Arctic tree lines will move northwards and elevational tree lines upslope (Harsch et al., 2009), this study documented highly varying tree line dynamics for the Torneträsk area in sub-Arctic Sweden during a period of…...
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...A global study by Harsch et al. (2009) showed that only 52% of all 166 global tree line sites had advanced over the past 100 years despite documented amplified climate warming at high-elevation areas and northern latitudes (ACIA, 2005)....
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518 citations
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"A century of tree line changes in s..." refers result in this paper
...In contrast to other studies (Danby & Hik, 2007; Kullman & Öberg, 2009), slope aspect and inclination were not correlated with elevational shifts of the tree line ecotone....
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