A circumplex model of affect
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34,482 citations
Cites background from "A circumplex model of affect"
...They appear as the first two factors in factor analyses of self-rated mood and as the first two dimensions in multidimensional scalings of facial expressions or mood terms (Diener, Larsen, Levine, & Emmons, 1985; Russell, 1980, 1983; Stone, 1981; Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1984; Zevon & Tellegen, 1982). Watson and Tellegen (1985) have summarized the relevant evidence and presented a basic, consensual two-factor model....
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Cites background from "A circumplex model of affect"
...The semantic differential rating system was administered as described in Mehrabian and Russell (1974, Appendix B) and consisted of the 18 bipolar pairs listed in Table 1....
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...Russell, J. (1980)....
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...In this experiment, we compare reports of affective experience obtained using SAM, which requires only three simple judgments, to the Semantic Differential scale devised by Mehrabian and Russell (An approach to environmental psychology, 1974) which requires 18 different ratings....
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...These data are completely consistent with the Mehrabian and Russell (1974) solution, in that each of the six scales identified as associated with each dimension by Mehrabian & Russell had its maximum loading on the expected factor in our data.* The three factors of pleasure, arousal, and dominance in the current study accounted for 24%, 23%, and 12% of the variance, respectively, compared to Mehrabian and Russell’s (1974) reports of 27%, 23%, and 14% of the total variance, respectively....
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...The subject was instructed to make the ratings using the “emotional state” instructions used by Mehrabian and Russell (1974, Appendix B), which are: Each line on the page contains an adjective pair which you will use to rate your feelings about the slide....
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5,287 citations
5,126 citations
Cites background from "A circumplex model of affect"
...…and arousal (also known as activity or activation) are considered to be the two dominant dimensions underlying the affective experience (Mano, 1991; Russell, 1980; but cf. Watson & Tellegen, 1985; for recent criticism of a dimensional approach to the study of affect, see Ortony, Clore, & Collins,…...
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References
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