A classification of peripheral nerve injuries producing loss of function
About: This article is published in Brain.The article was published on 1951-12-01. It has received 1187 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Peripheral nerve injury & Nerve root.
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TL;DR: A survey of the literature showed that no kind of treatment, including prednisone, was able to give a better prognosis and the use ofprednisone raises a big ethical problem because no evidence of its efficacy exists and the euphoric side-effect induces a false feeling of benefit in the patients.
Abstract: Objective - The Copenhagen Facial Nerve Study aims to explain the spontaneous course of idiopathic peripheral facial nerve palsy which occurs without any kind of treatment. In this study Bell's pal...
919 citations
Cites background from "A classification of peripheral nerv..."
...Classi cation of nerve injuries after Sunder land (19, 20)...
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TL;DR: Motor vehicles crashes predominated as the cause of injury, and the most frequently injured nerve was the radial nerve, and in the lower limb, the peroneal nerve was most commonly injured.
Abstract: Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence, cause, severity, and patterns of associated injuries of limb peripheral nerve injuries sustained by patients with multiple injuries seen at a regional Level 1 trauma center. Methods: Patients sustaining injuries to the radial, median, ulnar, sciatic, femoral, peroneal, or tibial nerves were identified using a prospectively collected computerized database, maintained by Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, and a detailed chart review was undertaken. Results: From a trauma population of 5,777 patients treated between January 1, 1986, and November 30, 1996, 162 patients were identified as having an injury to at least one of the peripheral nerves of interest, yielding a prevalence of 2.8%. These 162 patients sustained a total of 200 peripheral nerve injuries, 121 of which were in the upper extremity. The mean patient age was 34.6 years (SEM ± 1.1 year), and 83% of patients were male. The mean injury severity score was 23.1 (±0.90), and the mean length of hospital stay was 28 days (±1.8). Conclusions: Motor vehicles crashes predominated (46%) as the cause of injury. The most frequently injured nerve was the radial nerve (58 injuries), and in the lower limb, the peroneal nerve was most commonly injured (39 injuries). Diagnosis of a peripheral nerve injury was made within 4 days of admission to Sunnybrook Health Science Centre in 78% of the cases. Surgery was required to treat 54% of patients. Head injuries were the most common associated injury, occurring in 60% of patients. Other common associated injuries included fractures and dislocations. The present report aims to aid in identification and treatment of peripheral nerve injuries.
852 citations
TL;DR: The developments in bridging technology which aim to replace the autograft are described, which are of utmost importance to develop and optimise treatments of the most challenging peripheral nerve injuries.
455 citations
Cites background from "A classification of peripheral nerv..."
...nerve crush) have a good prognosis (Sunderland, 1951)....
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...1 examples 3–5), the severity of disorganisation to local ECM or cellular architecture can range [()TD$FIG] R. Deumens et al. / Progress in Neurobiology 92 (2010) 245–276248 from a disruption of a subset of endoneurial tubes to a complete transection of the nerve (Sunderland, 1951)....
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...1, example 1), there is loss of function with preservation of the continuity of derland (Sunderland, 1951)....
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...Neurapraxia and axonotmesis (i.e. nerve crush) have a good prognosis (Sunderland, 1951)....
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TL;DR: This review aims to summarize various ways peripheral nerve injuries are classified in light of decades of research on peripheral nerve injury and regeneration.
419 citations
TL;DR: The grating orientation discrimination task provides a stable, reliable measure of the human capacity for spatial resolution, and psychophysical thresholds for tactile spatial resolution are obtained from 15 normal, young adult subjects over seven test sessions.
Abstract: The sensory neural pathways serving the lip, tongue, and finger are specialized for spatial information processing; thus, damage to these pathways is likely to be manifested most prominently as a loss of spatial acuity. For that reason, accurate measurement of spatial resolution at these regions is particularly important. The conventional test, the two-point discrimination task, does not measure the limit of spatial resolution and it yields variable results because it does not control nonspatial cues. The aim of this study was to quantify the limits of spatial resolution at the lip, tongue, and finger and to study the repeatability of those measurements using a stimulus that does not introduce nonspatial cues. We employed a grating orientation discrimination test, which has been studied extensively in relation to the underlying neural mechanisms. We obtained psychophysical thresholds for tactile spatial resolution from 15 normal, young adult subjects over seven test sessions. The finest gratings whose orientations were discriminated reliably had groove widths (gratings had equal groove and bar widths) that averaged 0.51 mm at the lip, 0.58 mm at the tongue, and 0.94 mm at the finger. These threshold measurements were highly reproducible between sessions with an overall improvement of 2% per session. These data suggest that the grating orientation discrimination task provides a stable, reliable measure of the human capacity for spatial resolution.
387 citations