A Cluster Based Enhancement to AODV for Inter-Vehicular Communication in VANET
30 Sep 2012-Vol. 3, Iss: 3, pp 41-50
TL;DR: This paper aims at improving the performance of AODV by enhancing the existing protocol by creating stable clusters and performing routing by Cluster Heads and Gateway nodes.
Abstract: Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET) are a special kind of Mobile Ad-hoc network (MANET), in which vehicles on the road forms the nodes of the networks. Now a days, VANETs find several applications as an Intelligent Transportation System(ITS). Dynamic network architectures and node movement characteristics differentiates VANETs from other kinds of ad hoc networks. The dynamic change in topology shortens the effective time of routing. Hence routing in VANETs is complicated. Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol is the most commonly used topology based routing protocol for VANET. During the route discovery process AODV broadcasts route request message (RREQ). It creates many unused routes between a source and a destination node. This paper aims at improving the performance of AODV by enhancing the existing protocol by creating stable clusters and performing routing by Cluster Heads and Gateway nodes.
Citations
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TL;DR: This study formulate a minimized communication overhead (MCO) problem and proposes two algorithms, mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) and deviation-detection (DD), to solve the MCO problem.
Abstract: Considerable research attention has been dedicated to vehicular sensor networks (VSNs) because of its great potential in traffic monitoring. By taking advantage of sensors embedded in vehicles, a VSN harvests data while vehicles are traveling along the roads and then updates the collected data to the infrastructure to support the intelligent transportation system (ITS) applications. To meet the data collection requirements of different ITS applications, a huge number of update packets are generated, which may exhaust the available wireless communication bandwidth. To improve the efficiency of utilization of wireless bandwidth, in this study, we propose a quality-oriented data collection scheme, which aims to effectively support both the accuracy and real-time requirements stipulated by ITS applications while reducing communication overhead. We formulate a minimized communication overhead (MCO) problem and propose two algorithms, mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) and deviation-detection (DD) , to solve the MCO problem. MILP can obtain the optimal solution by having all the data collected by every vehicle, while DD could achieve an efficient solution without this impractical assumption. We conducted extensive experiments by using SUMO to simulate vehicle traces in freeway and downtown environments. The experimental results have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed solutions.
19 citations
TL;DR: Two techniques are proposed to minimize the data traffic and delay in VANET and a destination based routing protocol is proposed for these context based clusters for efficient inter-cluster communication.
Abstract: Today, vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) is a hot research topic due to its many applications like collision avoidance, congestion road notification, parking lot availability, road-side business advertisements, etc. All these applications have hard delay constraints i.e. the messages should reach the target location within certain time limits. So, there must be efficient routing in VANET which meets these delay constraints. In this paper, two techniques are proposed to minimize the data traffic and delay in VANET. Firstly, a context based clustering is proposed which takes into consideration various parameters in cluster formation-location of vehicle, direction of vehicle, velocity of vehicle, interest list of vehicle [1] and destination of vehicle. Secondly, a destination based routing protocol is proposed for these context based clusters for efficient inter-cluster communication.
15 citations
Cites background from "A Cluster Based Enhancement to AODV..."
...Otherwise, the message will be forwarded to the next CH without propagating the message inside the cluster [2] [3]....
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TL;DR: Empirical results confirm that in addition to the convergence speed that characterizes the adjusted K‐medoids clustering algorithm (AKCA), the proposed model achieves more stability and robustness when compared with most recent approaches designed for the same objective.
14 citations
23 Jul 2018
TL;DR: An overview of vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) and the existing VANET routing protocols and the challenges faced by the choose a proper routing protocol due to a dynamic topology and characteristics of VANets is given.
Abstract: The fast development of wireless communication technologies allows to enhance intelligent transport systems and utilizes these technologies in communications between vehicles in order to achieve road safety and others benefits to drivers. Recent studies focus on a new aspect of ITS (Intelligent Transport System) that is VANET (Vehicular Ad-hoc Network). This paper gives an overview of vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) and the existing VANET routing protocols. VANETs are a group of moving vehicles with wireless communication. Every vehicle is a node in the network that plays the role of sender, receiver, and router to exchange data such as warnings, traffic conditions with other vehicles. Because of the high mobility of nodes in VANETs, the routing of data is the most challenging task in VANETs which have a dynamic topology. There are various types of routing protocols in VANET which are required by the ITS. Thus, we need to do a detailed research on various routing protocols and their strengths/weakness. The routing protocols basically focus on terms of delay, packet delivery ratio, bandwidth utilization and many other factors. However, there are challenges faced by the choose a proper routing protocol due to a dynamic topology and characteristics of VANETs. VANET is very advantageous as it helps in improving the road safety through reducing the number of accidents by warning drivers about the danger before they actually face it and other facilities to comfort drivers. Researchers have started working to overcome the challenges of data exchange between vehicles to minimize its constraints and maximize its multiple objectives.
13 citations
01 Aug 2016
TL;DR: Results obtained clearly shows that VANETs can successfully diminish the problem of traffic congestion and that the performance of the Nakagami model differs with the level of fading.
Abstract: Recently, the Intelligent Transport System (ITS) has undergone significant advances aiming at improving safety in the transportation system. One such progress has led to the introduction of Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET). This paper analyses the performance of the Nakagami radio propagation model, which is a realistic model to simulate real life scenarios. Furthermore, this paper examines how VANETs effectively reduce traffic congestion. Topologies and scenarios related to the Mauritian road topography have been developed and simulated on NS-2. The results obtained clearly shows that VANETs can successfully diminish the problem of traffic congestion and that the performance of the Nakagami model differs with the level of fading. This contrast in the performance of the Nakagami model is further highlighted when a difference of approximately 12% is observed between the throughputs for the different levels of fading.
10 citations
Cites background or methods from "A Cluster Based Enhancement to AODV..."
...Several works have also been conducted on the routing protocols to be used [12, 13, 14]....
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...The routing process in AODV uses the route discovery process and the route maintenance process [14]....
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References
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30 Nov 2009
TL;DR: This work presents a novel, mobility-based clustering scheme for Vehicle Ad hoc Networks, which utilizes the Affinity Propagation algorithm in a distributed manner and considers typical vehicular mobility during cluster formation, which produces clusters with high stability.
Abstract: The recent research in cluster-based MAC and routing schemes for Vehicle Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) motivates the necessity for a stable VANET clustering algorithm Due to the highly mobile nature of VANETs, mobility must play an integral role in cluster formation We present a novel, mobility-based clustering scheme for Vehicle Ad hoc Networks, which utilizes the Affinity Propagation algorithm in a distributed manner The proposed algorithm considers typical vehicular mobility during cluster formation, which produces clusters with high stability Simulation results confirm the superior performance of the proposed algorithm, when compared to other accepted mobility-based clustering techniques Clustering performance is measured in terms of average cluster head duration, average cluster member duration, average rate of cluster head change, and average number of clusters
188 citations
"A Cluster Based Enhancement to AODV..." refers methods in this paper
...Mobility-based Clustering in VANETs using Affinity Propagation [4] uses the idea of Affinity Propagation from a communications perspective, in a distributed manner....
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08 Oct 2007
TL;DR: Simulation results show the effectiveness of the mutual support of proactive clustering and MAC protocols for efficient dissemination of broadcast messages in VANETs.
Abstract: In this paper, we illustrate the design of a cross-layered MAC and clustering solution for supporting the fast propagation of broadcast messages in a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET). A distributed dynamic clustering algorithm is proposed to create a dynamic virtual backbone in the vehicular network. The vehicle-members of the backbone are responsible for implementing an efficient messages propagation. The backbone creation and maintenance are proactively performed aiming to balance the stability of backbone connections as well as the cost/efficiency trade-off and the hops-reduction when forwarding broadcast messages. A fast multi-hop MAC forwarding mechanism is defined to exploit the role of backbone vehicles, under a cross-layered approach. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the mutual support of proactive clustering and MAC protocols for efficient dissemination of broadcast messages in VANETs.
158 citations
24 Apr 2010
TL;DR: A new routing protocol for VANET is designed based on the former results, called CBR (Cluster Based Routing), which has obvious improvement in the average routing overhead and small average end to end delay jitter with the increase of vehicles number.
Abstract: With the development of vehicles and mobile Ad Hoc network technology, the Vehicle Ad hoc Network (VANET) has become an emerging field of study It is a challenging problem for searching and maintaining an effective route for transporting some data information In this paper the authors designed a new routing protocol for VANET based on the former results, called CBR (Cluster Based Routing) Compared with other routing protocols, the new one has obvious improvement in the average routing overhead and small average end to end delay jitter with the increase of vehicles number The real-time traffic applications require data transmission delay time to be relatively stable, small average end to end delay jitter with the increase of vehicles number just meets the real-time application needs
125 citations
01 Nov 2010
TL;DR: Simulation results shows the CBDRP can solve the problem of link stability in VANET, realizing reliable and rapid data transmission.
Abstract: Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is a new application of Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) in the field of Inter-vehicle communication. As the high mobility of vehicles, some traditional MANET routing protocols may not fit the VANET. In this paper, we propose a cluster-based directional routing protocol (CBDRP) for highway scenarios, in which the header of a cluster selects another header according to the moving direction of vehicle to forward packets. Simulation results shows the CBDRP can solve the problem of link stability in VANET, realizing reliable and rapid data transmission.
125 citations
Additional excerpts
...A Cluster-Based Directional Routing Protocol in VANET [14] proposes a cluster-based directional routing protocol (CBDRP) for highway scenarios, in which the header of a cluster selects another header according to the moving direction of vehicle to forward packets....
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06 Oct 2005
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of weighting two well-known clustering methods with the vehicle-specific position and velocity clustering logic to improve cluster stability over the simulation time is analyzed.
Abstract: The application of Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) technologies in the service of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) has brought new challenges in maintaining communication clusters of network members for long time durations. Stable clustering methods reduce the overhead of communication relay in MANETs and provide for a more efficient hierarchical network topology. During creation of VANET clusters, each vehicle chooses a head vehicle to follow. The average number of cluster head changes per vehicle measures cluster stability in these simulations during the simulation. In this paper we analyze the effect of weighting two well-known clustering methods with the vehicle-specific position and velocity clustering logic to improve cluster stability over the simulation time.
86 citations