A colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamic oxalacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminases.
01 Jul 1957-American Journal of Clinical Pathology (AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY)-Vol. 28, Iss: 1, pp 56-63
About: This article is published in American Journal of Clinical Pathology.The article was published on 1957-07-01. It has received 9424 citations till now.
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TL;DR: The raised conversion of glucose to glutamine in the liver of obese-hyperglycemic mice was the motivation for a separate analysis of the activity of glutamic-oxalacetic trans-aminase (GOT) and glutamate-pyruvic transaminases (GPT), where, however, no statistical differences were observed between the two types of mice.
Abstract: In vitro utilization of uniformly 14C-labelled glucose was studied in the liver and diaphragm in the American variety of the hereditary obese-hyperglycemic syndrome of mice. Only those obese animals were studied, where the livers were without obvious fatty degeneration. There was a higher glucose uptake per liver in the obese-hyperglycemic syndrome. Expressed per unit weight, however, no significant diffences were found either in the liver or in the diaphragm. The same was true for the formation of CO2 and the incorporation of glucose in the lipid fraction and the insoluble residue after extraction with TCA and alcohol-ether. An incorporation of measurable amounts of carbon atoms from glucose was observed in the following amino acids: in liver, alanine and glutamine, and in the diaphragm, alanine, glutamine and glutamic acid. On a weight to weight basis there were no differences between normal and obese-hyperglycemic mice, except that in the latter the formation of glutamine was 4–5 times higher. The raised conversion of glucose to glutamine in the liver of obese-hyperglycemic mice was the motivation for a separate analysis of the activity of glutamic-oxalacetic trans-aminase (GOT) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), where, however, no statistical differences were observed between the two types of mice.
74 citations
TL;DR: The traditional use of Artemisia vulgaris for various liver disorders was scientifically validated by histopathology of the liver, which showed improved architecture, absence of parenchyma congestion, decreased cellular swelling and apoptotic cells, compared with the findings in the toxin group of animals.
Abstract: The effect of a crude extract of the aerial parts of Artemisia vulgaris (Av.Cr) was investigated against D-galactosamine (D-GalN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced hepatitis in mice. Co-administration of D-GalN (700 mg[sol ]kg) and LPS (1 microg[sol ]kg) significantly (p < 0.05) raised the plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in mice in the toxin group compared with the values in the control group. Pre-treatment of mice with different doses of Av.Cr (150-600 mg[sol ]kg) significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the toxin-induced rise in plasma ALT and AST. The hepatoprotective effect was further verified by histopathology of the liver, which showed improved architecture, absence of parenchyma congestion, decreased cellular swelling and apoptotic cells, compared with the findings in the toxin group of animals. These findings scientifically validated the traditional use of Artemisia vulgaris for various liver disorders.
74 citations
TL;DR: This study suggests that aspartate aminotransferase, in like fashion, reflects cellular damage arising from active periodontal disease.
Abstract: A ligature-induced periodontitis model employing the beagle dog was used to study the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in crevicular fluid before and after ligation. A significant increase in AST level occurred in crevicular fluid 2 weeks after ligation whereas no increase of enzyme was found in serum. Enzyme levels in crevicular fluid were 10- to 100-fold higher than in serum. Dental plaque did not appear to be the source of the enzyme. Since aspartate aminotransferase has been documented as a marker of cellular injury arising during heart disease and liver disease, this study suggests that aspartate aminotransferase, in like fashion, reflects cellular damage arising from active periodontal disease.
74 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, three adsorbents, a hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicates (HSCAS), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S.C.), and esterified glucomannan (EGM), against feed contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), were evaluated.
Abstract: Aflatoxicosis, toxicity of aflatoxin, is of great concern in aquaculture. This study was conducted to assess the efficacies of three adsorbents, a hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicates (HSCAS), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S.C.) and an esterified glucomannan (EGM), against feed contaminated with contained 200 μg/kg (ppb) aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). A total of 240 Nile tilapia fingerlings, Oreochromis niloticus (15 ± 2 g), were randomly divided into eight experimental groups (30 fish per group) with three replicates. Group T1 represented the negative control fed on a basal diet, and T2 was the positive control group fed on a basal diet supplemented with 200 ppb AFB1. Groups T3, T4 and T5 were fed the AFB1-contaminated diet (200 ppb) supplemented with 0.5 % HSCAS, 0.25 % S.C or 0.25 % EGM, respectively. Groups T6, T7 and T8 were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0.5 % HSCAS, 0.25 % S.C or 0.25 % EGM, respectively. The reduction in AFB1-bioavailability was judged by toxin residues in fish musculature throughout the study beginning at the second week of exposure. AFB1 reduced the survivability, total weight gain, average daily gain and specific growth rate, evident as early as the second week of exposure. The total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin content and total leukocyte count were significantly decreased after AFB1 exposure for 6, 8 and 10 weeks, respectively. Prolonged administration of AFB1 led to significant increases in serum alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and creatinine activity, and produced significant decreases in plasma proteins, including serum globulin. The specific immune response was assessed by an agglutinating antibody titer after immunization of the fish with an Aeromonas hydrophila vaccine. The antibody titer and relative level of protection of fish challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila were reduced throughout the period of examination in AFB1-exposed fish. Supplementation with HSCAS, S.C. or EGM significantly improved growth performance, blood parameters and immune status; in addition, these groups showed decreased AFB1 residues in fish musculature when compared with AFB1-treated fish. HSCAS effectively reduced AFB1 toxicity, whereas S.C. and EGM were less efficacious.
74 citations
Cites methods from "A colorimetric method for the deter..."
...The activity of serum aspartate transferase (AST), alanine transferase (ALT) and creatinine was estimated according to the methods of Reitman and Frankel (1957) and Henry et al. (1974)....
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TL;DR: The concept that ketones increase the susceptibility of animals to the toxic effects of haloalkanes is supported, as the ability to potentiate CHCl3-induced liver injury increased in the order of H < A < 2,5-HD ≅ MBK.
74 citations