A colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamic oxalacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminases.
01 Jul 1957-American Journal of Clinical Pathology (AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY)-Vol. 28, Iss: 1, pp 56-63
About: This article is published in American Journal of Clinical Pathology.The article was published on 1957-07-01. It has received 9424 citations till now.
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TL;DR: The overall results presented here indicate that the best growth performance of Nile tilapia was obtained when the fish fed on the 45% CP diet and were reared at a stocking density of 150 fish/m3.
Abstract: This study was based on a 3 × 2 factorial design with three levels of dietary protein (25%, 35%, or 45%) and two rearing densities (D 1 = 150 and D 2 = 300 fish/m3). In this study, Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), (1.8 to 2.5 g) was distributed into the aquaria at a rate of 150 vs. 300 fish/m3. Fish of each density were fed on a diet containing 25%, 35%, or 45% crude protein (CP). Fish were fed on one of the experimental diets till satiation twice daily, 6 days a week, for 10 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, blood samples were taken to determine the different physiological variables. The growth parameters were positively affected by protein level and inversely affected by stocking density, but there was no effect of their interaction. Final body weight of tilapia, fed with different levels of protein diets, varied at D 1 from 7.1 to 10.1 g and at D 2 from 6.4 to 9.1 g. The best feed conversion ratio was obtained with 45% and 35% CP diets at lower density with insignificant difference. The highest values of protein efficiency ratio and protein productive value were obtained with 25% CP at stock densities of 150 and 300 fish/m3. Moisture and CP contents in the whole-fish body were insignificantly affected by both factors, while ash content was significantly affected by protein level and rearing density. Total lipid content was affected by protein level alone. All physiological variables including activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total protein, total lipids, and glucose in plasma were significantly affected by dietary protein levels and/or rearing density. The overall results presented here indicate that the best growth performance of Nile tilapia was obtained when the fish fed on the 45% CP diet and were reared at a stocking density of 150 fish/m3.
70 citations
Cites methods from "A colorimetric method for the deter..."
...Activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (in international units per liter) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (in international units per liter) in serum were determined colorimetrically according to Reitman and Frankel (1957)....
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TL;DR: Lindholm et al. as discussed by the authors studied muscle needle biopsy specimens (gluteus medius) from 59 standardbred trotters with acute clinical symptoms of the "tying-up" disease.
Abstract: LINDHOLM, A., H.-E. JOHANSSON & P. KJAERSGAARD: Acute rhabdomyolysis (“tying-up”) in standardbred horses. A morphological and biochemical study. Acta vet. scand. 1974, 15, 325–339. — Morphological, biochemical and histochemical changes were studied in muscle needle biopsy specimens (gluteus medius) from 59 standardbred trotters with acute clinical symptoms of the “tying-up” disease. All horses had increased levels of serum enzymes SGOT and SCPK. The biopsy specimens were taken at various intervals after onset of clinical symptoms (1–4 hrs., 18–24 hrs. and 2–20 days). Ry light microscopy it was shown that the muscular alterations had a focal distribution and were of the hyalin degeneration type with insignificant inflammatory reaction and slight calcification. The ultrastructural changes apparently commenced with myofibrillar waving, mitochondrial and sarcotubular alterations and terminated with myofibrillar degeneration and necrosis with invasion of inflammatory cells. The inflammatory cells were ultrastructurally similar to monocytes and macrophages. The degenerative changes mainly comprised fast twitch (FT and FTH) fibres as histochemically evidenced by myofibrillar ATPase and alkaline phosphatase staining. Riopsies from diseased muscle 1–4 hrs. after the onset of “tyingup” contained a low muscle concentration of glycogen, ATP and CP and a high concentration of lactate and glucose. Hence it is suggested that the described muscular alterations may be caused by a deranged carbohydrate metabolism caused by a local hypoxia. It was found that the “tying-up” disease resembled idiopathic rhabdomyolysis in man and was thus designated “equine rhabdomyolysis”. histochemistry; horse; rhabdomyolysis; skeletal muscle; “tying-up”; ultrastructure.
69 citations
TL;DR: The hepatoprotective properties of silymarin, silibinin, colchicine and trimethylcolchinic acid may be irrelevant to reverse established cirrhosis.
Abstract: The purpose of this work was to obtain a suitable model of fibrosis, in which spontaneous reversion was minimal, to study the ability of silymarin, silibinin, colchicine and trimethylcolchicinic acid (TMCA) to reverse it. Reversal of liver fibrosis was studied in male Wistar rats after one, two or three months of CCl(4) administration (0.4 g/kg intraperitoneally, three times per week), by discontinuation of the toxin for 2 months. Silymarin (50 mg/kg), silibinin (50 mg/kg), colchicine (10 microg/rat) and trimethylcolchicinic acid (100 microg/rat) were administered daily, by gavage, after 3 months of CCl(4) administration. Collagen content was determined by measuring hydroxyproline in liver samples; glycogen, was determined utilizing the anthrone reagent; Mallory's trichromic stains of liver sections were performed. The best scheme of treatment was obtained when CCl(4) was administered during three months (collagen increased 6 times). Discontinuation of the toxin for two months produced a significant but relative small reduction of fibrosis (collagen was still 4.5 times over control). Colchicine, TMCA, silymarin or silibinin treatment showed no significant fibrolitic effect. This scheme of treatment may be an excellent tool to study the ability of drugs to reverse fibrosis. The hepatoprotective properties of silymarin, silibinin, colchicine and trimethylcolchinic acid may be irrelevant to reverse established cirrhosis.
69 citations
TL;DR: The data presented showed that AFB1 and ethanol co-exposure induced severe oxidative damage to the liver of mice and as such humans consuming excessive amount of ethanol and diets contaminated with AFB1 simultaneously may be at greater risk of the hepatotoxic effects of these compounds.
Abstract: The present study investigated the effects of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) and ethanol co-exposure on biomarkers of hepatic damage in mice. Four groups of adult male mice were treated for 7 consecutive days. Control mice received corn oil alone at a dose of 2 mL/kg bw. One group was treated with ethanol at a dose of 500 µL/kg bw and another group administered 9 mg/kg bw of AFB₁ dissolved in corn oil. The fourth group was co-administered with ethanol and AFB₁. The body and liver weights of treated mice decreased significantly when compared with corresponding control. Alone, ethanol and AFB(1) treatment separately increased serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Alcohol dehydrogenase (ALD) activity was markedly elevated in ethanol-treated mice but was unaffected by AFB₁ treatment. Co-exposure of AFB₁ and ethanol escalated the activities of these serum enzymes. Administration of ethanol and AFB₁ separately resulted in significant decrease in both non-enzymatic antioxidant glutathione (GSH) level and enzymatic antioxidant catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities, whereas lipid peroxidation was markedly elevated. Superoxide dismutase activity and vitamin C level remained unaffected in all treatment groups. Co-exposure of animals to ethanol and AFB₁ showed additive effects on the activities of GST and CAT as well as on the GSH level. Histopathological study revealed that these compounds interact together to exacerbate their individual effects on the liver. In summary, the data presented showed that AFB₁ and ethanol co-exposure induced severe oxidative damage to the liver of mice and as such humans consuming excessive amount of ethanol and diets contaminated with AFB₁ simultaneously may be at greater risk of the hepatotoxic effects of these compounds.
69 citations
TL;DR: Betaine supplementation enhances recycling of homocysteine for the generation of methionine and S-adenosylmethionine while reducing its utilization for the synthesis of cystathionineand cysteine, most probably due to the depression of taurine generation from Cysteine.
69 citations
Cites methods from "A colorimetric method for the deter..."
...Activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in serum were determined using the method of Reitman and Frankel [25]....
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