A colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamic oxalacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminases.
01 Jul 1957-American Journal of Clinical Pathology (AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY)-Vol. 28, Iss: 1, pp 56-63
About: This article is published in American Journal of Clinical Pathology.The article was published on 1957-07-01. It has received 9424 citations till now.
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TL;DR: Investigation of the effects of size-fractionated fish hydrolysates on growth, activities of digestive enzymes and aminotransferases and expression of some protein metabolism related genes in large yellow croaker larvae suggests PUFH seems optimal for large yellow Crocea larvae when replacing 40% FM.
58 citations
TL;DR: The results revealed that MC elicited hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity which was evident due to the significant elevation of serum AST, ALT, γGT, ALP, LDH, IL-1β,IL-6, and TNF-α levels.
Abstract: Microcystin- (MC-) LR is the most frequent cyanotoxin produced by Microcystis aeruginosa cyanobacteria in the contaminated freshwater environment. MC represents a health hazard to humans and animals. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the potential ameliorative effect of thymoquinone (TQ) and/or piperine (PP) against MC toxicity in mice. Fifty-six mice were randomly divided into seven experimental groups. Group I is the normal control that received distilled water for 21 days; Group II (TQ) was treated with TQ (10 mg/kg, i.p) for 21 days; Group III (PP) was treated with PP (25 mg/kg, i.p) for 21 days; Group IV (MC) was treated with MC (10 μg/kg, i.p) for 14 days and served as the toxic control; and Groups V, VI, and VII received TQ and/or PP 7 days prior to MC and continued for 14 days with MC. The results revealed that MC elicited hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity which was evident due to the significant elevation of serum AST, ALT, γGT, ALP, LDH, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels. Furthermore, MC markedly increased MDA and NO contents along with reduction of GSH, SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px in liver and brain tissues. The electron transport chain may be a possible target for MC. TQ and/or PP ameliorated the MC-mediated oxidative damage in the liver and brain which might be attributed to their antioxidant properties. However, the concurrent treatment of TQ and PP showed the best regimen as a result of the PP-enhanced bioavailability of TQ.
58 citations
TL;DR: The results confirm that proton NMR spectroscopic analysis of urine is a powerful analytical tool for the evaluation and study of toxic substances and may provide a non-invasive indicator of acute hepatic damage with certain classes of hepatotoxins.
Abstract: The urinary excretion of taurine by rats after dosing with various hepatotoxins has been investigated by1H NMR spectroscopy. After single hepatotoxic doses of hydrazine, carbon tetrachloride, 1-naphthylisothiocyanate, or thioacetamide there was biochemical and histopathological evidence of hepatic damage. Proton NMR spectroscopy of the urine collected for 24 h after dosing from these animals revealed a marked elevation in taurine (control 11.9 μmole/h/kg) after dosing with thioacetamide (42.2 μmole/h/kg), carbon tetrachloride (52.5 gmmole/ h/kg), 1-naphthyl-isothiocyanate (80.4 μmole/h/kg) and hydrazine (52.9 μmmole/h/kg). After allyl alcohol administration there was no increase in taurine excretion (7.5 μmol/h/kg). The excretion of taurine after hydrazine administration was dose related. High resolution proton NMR spectroscopic analysis of urine also revealed resonances from several metabolites of hydrazine, an N-acetylcysteine conjugate of allyl alcohol, and acetamide as a metabolite of thioacetamide after dosing with the respective compounds. Changes in endogenous substances that may be related to the pathological events were also detected, such as a decrease in the excretion of 2-oxoglutarate and citrate after both hydrazine and carbon tetrachloride administration. The results confirm that proton NMR spectroscopic analysis of urine is a powerful analytical tool for the evaluation and study of toxic substances. Furthermore, measurement of urinary taurine may provide a non-invasive indicator of acute hepatic damage with certain classes of hepatotoxins.
58 citations
TL;DR: Data indicate that the Sl.Cr exhibits hepatoprotective effect in mice and this study rationalize the traditional use of this plant in liver disorders.
Abstract: The effects of aqueous-methanol extract of Saussurea lappa Clarke root (Sl.Cr) was investigated against D-galactosamine (D-GalN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hepatitis in mice. Co-administration of D-GalN (700 mg/kg) and LPS (1 microg/kg) significantly raised the plasma transaminase levels (ALT/AST) as compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Pretreatment of mice with different doses of Sl.Cr (150, 300 and 600 mg/kg) significantly prevented the D-GalN and LPS-induced rise in plasma levels of ALT and AST in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Post-treatment with Sl.Cr (600 mg/kg) significantly restricted the progression of hepatic damage induced by D-GalN and LPS (p < 0.05). The improvement in plasma enzyme levels was further verified by histopathology of the liver, which showed improved architecture, absence of parenchyma congestion, decreased cellular swelling and apoptotic cells in treatment groups as compared to the toxin group of animals. These data indicate that the Sl.Cr exhibits hepatoprotective effect in mice and this study rationalize the traditional use of this plant in liver disorders.
58 citations
Cites methods from "A colorimetric method for the deter..."
...obtained was used for ALT and AST estimation spectrophotometrically (Reitman and Frankle, 1957)....
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...24: S229–S232 (2010) Published online 29 December 2009 in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3089 obtained was used for ALT and AST estimation spectrophotometrically (Reitman and Frankle, 1957)....
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TL;DR: The carotenoid lutein (3,3′‐dihydroxy‐β,ε‐carotene) was evaluated for its hepatoprotective activity in rats.
Abstract: Objectives Carotenoids are a class of natural fat-soluble pigments that are found in many fruits and vegetables. Consumption of a diet rich in carotenoids has been epidemiologically correlated with a lower risk for several diseases. In the present study the carotenoid lutein (3,3′-dihydroxy-β,e-carotene) was evaluated for its hepatoprotective activity in rats.
Methods Paracetamol, 20% ethanol and carbon tetrachloride were used to induce liver toxicity.
Key findings Levels of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase and alkaline phosphatases, which were increased in the serum, were found to be significantly reduced by the treatment of lutein in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that lutein may reduce the hepatotoxicity induced by these agents. Serum bilirubin was also significantly lower in lutein-treated groups compared with control. Increased lipid peroxidation, conjugated diene and hydroperoxides in the liver tissue produced by the administration of paracetamol were found to be reduced in the lutein-treated groups. Levels of antioxidant enzymes, like superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione, were found to be increased in lutein-treated groups compared with control group during alcohol- and CCl4-induced liver toxicity. Hydroxyproline, which is an indicator of fibrosis in liver tissue, was high in the ethanol-treated control group. Hydroxyproline levels were decreased by simultaneous lutein administration.
Conclusions Histopathological evidence confirmed the protection offered by lutein from the tissue damage caused by hepatotoxins. The hepatoprotective action may be due to lutein's ability to scavenge reactive oxygen radicals.
58 citations
Cites methods from "A colorimetric method for the deter..."
...Serum was separated and used to determine the activities of serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT),([17]) alkaline phosphatase (ALP)([18]) and bilirubin [19] using commercial kits....
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