A colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamic oxalacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminases.
01 Jul 1957-American Journal of Clinical Pathology (AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY)-Vol. 28, Iss: 1, pp 56-63
About: This article is published in American Journal of Clinical Pathology.The article was published on 1957-07-01. It has received 9424 citations till now.
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Journal Article•
TL;DR: The use of saffron and honey minimized the toxic effect of AlCl3 in the liver by alleviating its disruptive effect on the biochemical and molecular levels.
Abstract: OBJECTIVES
To study the biochemical and molecular hepatotoxicity induced by aluminium chloride (AlCl3) and the protective role of saffron and honey against such toxicity.
METHODS
This study was performed in the Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between July and August 2009. Two mice strains, BALB/c and C57BL/6 (20 animals from each strain), were used and randomly divided into 4 groups: control group; AlCl3 group; AlCl3+saffron group; and AlCl3+honey group. Changes in liver biochemical markers such as gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin and lipid peroxidation levels were estimated. Induced and suppressed mRNA in the liver homogenate was scanned followed by up- and down- regulated genes were isolated, cloned, and sequenced.
RESULTS
There was a significant increase in the cholesterol levels, triglycerides, GGT, ALT, AST, ALP, lipid peroxidation, and presence of hyperglycemia in the AlCl3 group compared to the control. However, treating those animals exposed to AlCl3 by saffron and honey improved the disrupted liver biochemical markers and alleviated the increase of lipid peroxidation. Seven down-regulated genes (3 BALB/c and 4 C57BL/6) and 5 up-regulated genes (2 BALB/c and 3 C57BL/6) were observed. Aa2-245 gene was observed as being up-regulated in AlCl3+ saffron and AlCl3+honey groups in the BALB/c strain.
CONCLUSIONS
The use of saffron and honey minimized the toxic effect of AlCl3 in the liver by alleviating its disruptive effect on the biochemical and molecular levels.
58 citations
TL;DR: Results of the present study clearly demonstrated that treatment with EGCG prior to F intoxication has a significant role in protecting F-induced cardiotoxicity and dyslipidemia in rats.
58 citations
TL;DR: SP may exert a protective effect against lipid peroxidation by scavenging reactive oxygen species and elevating the activity of antioxidant enzymes, in consequence prevented the peroxidative deterioration of structural lipids in membranous organelles, especially mitochondria and karyon.
Abstract: Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of sericin protein (SP) on alcohol-induced hepatic injury in mice and the possible mechanisms. Methods: SP (0.375, 0.75 and 1.50 g/kg body weight) was dissolved in distilled water and given to mice by gavage 1 hour before the alcohol (56% wt/vol, 14.2 ml/kg b.w.) treatment for 30 days, then blood, urine and liver were collected, processed and used for alcohol concentration mensuration, various biochemical estimations and histopathological examination. Results: The concentration of alcohol evidently decreased in serum and increased in urine in SP treated mice as compared to alcohol-administered animals. Chronic alcohol administration resulted in significantly increase in the levels of transaminase (AST and ALT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) but decrease of glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the serum and liver. Hepatic triglyceride (TG) also increased. When mice ingested high doses of SP (0.75 and 1.50 g/kg b.w.) the levels of antioxidant enzymes in the serum were restored to normal. However, hepatic CAT and GSH were still below normal, although a trend of significant increases was observed in comparison with alcohol treatment group. Conclusions: The results indicated that SP was able to hasten the alcohol elimination through urine directly and enhance the ethanol oxidation rate in liver. Simultaneously, SP may exert a protective effect against lipid peroxidation by scavenging reactive oxygen species and elevating the activity of antioxidant enzymes, in consequence prevented the peroxidative deterioration of structural lipids in membranous organelles, especially mitochondria and karyon.
58 citations
Cites background from "A colorimetric method for the deter..."
...When SP was administered into the mice, levels of ALT and AST in serum were reverted to the levels similar as the control; these results verified the hypothesis that SP may possess the capability confined to inducing some mechanism which in turn preserves the structural integrity of liver cells and hepatic mitochondria from the adverse effects of ethanol....
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...Because the enzyme ALT is located in the cytoplasm and the soluble enzyme AST is located mainly in organelles such as mitochondria (Senthil et al., 2003), increased levels of AST and ALT suggested damage of both hepatic cellular and mitochondrial membranes in alcoholadministered mice....
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...Malondialdehyde (MDA) (Ohkawa et al., 1979); aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) (Reitman and Frankel, 1957); triglyceride (TG) (Butler et al., 1961); reduced glutathione (GSH) (Jollow et al., 1974); superoxide dismutase (SOD) (Beauchamp and Fridovich, 1971); glutathione…...
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..., 1979); aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) (Reitman and Frankel, 1957); triglyceride (TG) (Butler et al....
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...In the present study, the increased activities of serum enzymes (AST and ALT) have been detected in alcohol-administered mice (Table 3), implying the increased permeability, damage and necrosis of hepatocytes....
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TL;DR: The effects of aqueous extract of ximenia Americana stem bark on liver and kidney of albino rats was investigated and data obtained is suggestive of liver damage and unaffected kidney.
Abstract: The effects of aqueous extract of ximenia Americana stem bark on liver and kidney of albino rats was investigated. Different doses of the crude extract were administered to rats for 30 consecutive days. The levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) of treated animals significantly (p significant (p<0.05) decrease compared to the control group. There was no significant difference in the serum levels of urea and creatinine of the treated animals compared to the control. The data obtained is suggestive of liver damage and unaffected kidney.
58 citations
Cites methods from "A colorimetric method for the deter..."
...Alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) were determined as described by Reitman and Frankel (1957)....
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Journal Article•
12 Aug 2005-Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences
TL;DR: The results indicate that melatonin exerts chemopreventive effect by restoring the activities of hepatic marker enzymes and reversing the oxidant-antioxidant imbalance during NDEA-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats.
Abstract: PURPOSE: Melatonin, the principle hormone of pineal gland plays an important role in several biological processes. The effects of melatonin on hepatic marker enzymes (aspartate and alanine transaminases (AST and ALT)), lipid peroxides (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)) and antioxidants (reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST)) during N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) - induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats were studied. METHODS: Male albino Wistar rats of body weight 150-170 g were divided into four groups of six animals each. Group I animals served as control, Group II animals received single intraperitoneal injection of NDEA at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight followed by weekly subcutaneous injections of CCl4 at a dose of 3 mL/kg body weight. Group III animals were treated as in Group II and melatonin (5 mg/kg body weight) was administered intraperitoneally. Group IV animals received melatonin alone at the same dose as Group III animals. RESULTS: A significant increase in the activities of serum AST and ALT was observed in NDEA treated rats when compared with control animals. Melatonin administered rats showed a significant decrease in the activities of these enzymes when compared with NDEA treated animals. In the liver of NDEA-treated animals, decreased lipid peroxidation associated with enhanced antioxidant levels was observed. Administration of melatonin positively modulated these changes. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that melatonin exerts chemopreventive effect by restoring the activities of hepatic marker enzymes and reversing the oxidant- antioxidant imbalance during NDEA-induced hepatocarcinogenesis.
57 citations
Cites methods from "A colorimetric method for the deter..."
...and ALT) The activities of these enzymes were estimated by the method of Reitman and Frankel (20)....
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...BIOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS Serum aspartate and alanine transaminases (AST and ALT) The activities of these enzymes were estimated by the method of Reitman and Frankel (20)....
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