A colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamic oxalacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminases.
01 Jul 1957-American Journal of Clinical Pathology (AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY)-Vol. 28, Iss: 1, pp 56-63
About: This article is published in American Journal of Clinical Pathology.The article was published on 1957-07-01. It has received 9424 citations till now.
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TL;DR: The results indicate that the metabolism of S-containing substances is significantly disturbed by the HF diet, suggesting a causal role of impairment of hepatic transsulfuration reactions in NAFLD.
Abstract: Nonalcoholic fatty liver is involved in the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and chronic liver injury. Impairment of hepatic transsulfuration reactions is suggested to be critically linked with alcoholic liver injury, but its role in nonalcoholic fatty liver remains unknown. We examined the early changes in sulfur-amino acid metabolism and their implication in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Male rats were provided with a standard liquid diet or a high-fat liquid diet (HF) for 3 wk. An additional group of rats received the HF diet supplemented with betaine (1%). HF diet intake elevated hepatic triglyceride and serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) concentrations. Antioxidant capacity of liver cytosol against hydroxyl and peroxyl radicals was reduced significantly. Hepatic S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and glutathione (GSH) decreased, but hypotaurine and taurine concentrations increased. Methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) activity, not its concentration, was depressed, whereas both activity and concentration of cysteine dioxygenase and GSH S-transferase were elevated. Betaine supplementation of the HF diet inhibited hepatic fat accumulation and serum TNFalpha elevation. The decrease in cytosolic antioxidant capacity was also prevented. MAT activity and its concentration were induced significantly. Hepatic SAM and GSH increased and elevation of hypotaurine and taurine was depressed. The results indicate that the metabolism of S-containing substances is significantly disturbed by the HF diet, suggesting a causal role of impairment of hepatic transsulfuration reactions in NAFLD. Betaine supplementation protects the liver from nonalcoholic steatosis and oxidative stress most probably via its effects on the transsulfuration reactions.
116 citations
Cites methods from "A colorimetric method for the deter..."
...Reitman S, Frankel SA....
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...We determined alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities in serum using the method of Reitman and Frankel (16)....
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TL;DR: Results suggested that the anticoagulant action of DAT-rich garlic oil was due to inhibition and/or inactivation of thrombin, and the adverse effect of high doses of garlic oil might further influence the hemostatic balance.
116 citations
TL;DR: The antileishmanial property of amarogentin, a secoiridoid glycoside isolated from the Indian medicinal plant Swertia chirata, was examined in a hamster model of experimental leishmaniasis and its therapeutic efficacy was evaluated.
Abstract: The antileishmanial property of amarogentin, a secoiridoid glycoside isolated from the Indian medicinal plant Swertia chirata, was examined in a hamster model of experimental leishmaniasis. The therapeutic efficacy of amarogentin was evaluated in free and two different vesicular forms, liposomes and niosomes. The amarogentin in both liposomal and niosomal forms was found to be a more active leishmanicidal agent than the free amarogentin; and the niosomal form was found to be more efficacious than the liposomal form at the same membrane microviscosity level. Toxicity studies involving blood pathology, histological staining of tissues and specific enzyme levels related to normal liver function showed no toxicity. Hence, amarogentin incorporated in liposomes or niosomes may have clinical application in the treatment of leishmaniasis.
116 citations
Cites methods from "A colorimetric method for the deter..."
...The sera of the animals undergoing drug treatment were assayed for serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and alkaline phosphatase by published procedures.(16,17) In brief, for assay of alkaline phosphatase, the serum was incubated with p-nitrophenol phosphate for 30 min at 37°C....
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TL;DR: The results strongly suggest that V. amygdalina leaf extract is not hepatotoxic in rats and is of nutritional, clinical and veterinary relevance considering the diverse applications of the plant in almost all African populations.
Abstract: The effects of various concentrations of aqueous extract of Vernonia amygdalina leaves on some biochemical indices of liver function were investigated in albino Wistar rats. Acute toxicity tests of the extract gave an LD50 of 500 mg/kg. Phytochemical analysis of the plant material showed that anthracene glycosides, steroids, flavonoids, proteins, carbohydrates, reducing sugars, saponins and tannins were present. Liver function tests revealed that the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) increased significantly (p 0.05) increase in both alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities for all the concentrations administered. Also the increase in mean values of conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin for all the concentrations administered were not statistically significant (p>0.05). The results, therefore, strongly suggest that V. amygdalina leaf extract is not hepatotoxic in rats. The findings are of nutritional, clinical and veterinary relevance considering the diverse applications of the plant in almost all African populations.
115 citations
Cites methods from "A colorimetric method for the deter..."
...Aspartate and alanine aminotransferases were assayed by the method of Reitman and Frankel (1957) while alkaline phosphatase activity was assayed using disodium phenol phosphate as substrate in a phosphate buffer of pH 10.0 (Bassey et al., 1947)....
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TL;DR: Observations suggest that the lipid peroxidation associated with Cd and Hg is not necessarily responsible for the loss of cell viability induced by these two metals.
Abstract: Various mechanisms, including increases in lipid peroxidation, have been proposed to account for metal-induced cellular injury. By comparing several metals in the same cell population, it is possible to determine whether a correlation exists between ability to produce cell injury and ability to alter parameters pertaining to a particular mechanism. Of particular interest in this study was the relation between metal-induced cytotoxicity and increases in lipid peroxidation. The effects of Cr, Mn, Zn, Ni, Pb, Se, V, Fe, Cd, Hg, Cu, at final concentrations of 1-1000 microM, on the viability of isolated hepatocytes were therefore examined by assessing the loss of intracellular K+ and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Simultaneously, the ability of the metals to induce lipid peroxidation, as measured by an increase in thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reactants, was assessed. Hg and Cu required the lowest concentration to produce cellular injury, while Cd produced less dramatic changes in cell viability and Fe at 1000 microM produced only a small decrease in intracellular K+. The largest absolute increases in lipid peroxidation were found in the presence of V, followed by Fe and Hg, with Cd and Se causing the smallest increase in TBA reactants. These observations suggest that the lipid peroxidation associated with Cd and Hg is not necessarily responsible for the loss of cell viability induced by these two metals.
115 citations