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Journal ArticleDOI

A colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamic oxalacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminases.

01 Jul 1957-American Journal of Clinical Pathology (AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY)-Vol. 28, Iss: 1, pp 56-63
About: This article is published in American Journal of Clinical Pathology.The article was published on 1957-07-01. It has received 9424 citations till now.
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results showed significant increase of plasma aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotsferase activity as well as creatinine and uric acid concentration in both fish species from polluted locations.
Abstract: Lake Qaroun is an inland lake at the lowest part of El-Fayoum depression, Egypt. It receives agricultural and domestic non-treated drainage waters, which are also used for aquaculture in Qaroun area. The results of the present study aimed to provide comparable data between wild (collected from Lake Qaroun) and cultured (collected from Qaroun fish farms and the reference site) Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and mullet Mugil cephalus, as indicators of natural and anthropogenic impacts on aquatic ecosystem as well as to evaluate the human hazard index associated with fish consumption. Metal concentrations in fish tissues showed a species-specific bioaccumulation pattern. Statistically significant differences were observed in the mean metal concentrations with lower bioavailability in M. cephalus compared with O. niloticus in internal vital organs (liver, kidney, and muscle) but much higher in external organs (gill and skin). Histopathological alterations and evident damages were observed in gill, liver, and kidney of both species collected from Lake Qaroun and Qaroun fish farms compared with those from the reference site. The results showed significant increase of plasma aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activity as well as creatinine and uric acid concentration in both fish species from polluted locations. The human health hazard index showed that the cumulative risk greatly increases with increasing fish consumption rate, thus yielding an alarming concern for consumer health.

90 citations


Cites background or methods from "A colorimetric method for the deter..."

  • ...1) and alanine aminotransferase activity (ALT; EC. 2.6.1.2; Reitman and Frankel 1957) as well as creatinine (Henry et al....

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  • ...2.6.1.2; Reitman and Frankel 1957) as well as creatinine (Henry et al. 1974) and uric acid concentration (Barham and Trinder 1972) using enzymatic-colorimetric methods by means of commercial kits (Biodiagnostic, Egypt)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The histopatological study of the liver did not show any features after the treatment but, the extract seems to ameliorate the liver architecture, and some of parameter investigated in this study showed dose responsive.
Abstract: We investigated the acute and subacute toxicities of hydro-ethanolic extract of leaves of Senna alata (L.) Roxb. in Swiss mice and Wistar albino rats. The mice were divided into 6 groups of 10 animals and each group received once by intra gastric gavages 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 times 1000 mg/kg dose of extract. Distilled water served as the control. For the subacute toxicity, three groups of 10 rats (5 males and 5 females) were treated per os with distilled water (control), 500 or 1000 mg/kg of extract every 48 h for 26 days. At the end of treatment blood sample and 20% liver homogenates were collected for biochemical analyses. The results indicated that the medium lethal dose (LD 50 ) was about 18.50 g/kg of body weight. Significant variation (P<0.05) of the body weight was observed after 26 days of treatment, in some biochemicals index of serum and 20% liver homogenates (glutathione , alkaline phosphatase (APL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST)), haematological parameters (platelet) also in the female relative weight of heart of rat. Some of parameter investigated in this study showed dose responsive. The histopatological study of the liver did not show any features after the treatment but, the extract seems to ameliorate the liver architecture. Keywords: Acute toxicity, alkaline phosphatase, hematological and histopatological study

89 citations


Cites methods from "A colorimetric method for the deter..."

  • ...Aspartate aminotransferase (AST ) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT ) were assayed using the method of Reitman and Frankel (1957); alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was analysed by the method of Bessey et al. (1946) Lowry et al, (1954); creatinine by Barterls (1972); protein was evaluated by the method of…...

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results of this study show that rutin possesses antioxidant activity in isoproterenol‐induced experimental myocardial infarction and that r Rutin to normal rats did not have any significant effect on any of the parameters studied.
Abstract: The consumption of diets rich in plant foods is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the preventive role of rutin on lipid peroxides and antioxidants in normal and isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats. Subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol (150 mg kg(-1)) to male Wistar rats at an interval of 24 h for two days showed a significant increase in the activity of serum cardiac marker enzymes (creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase) and a significant decrease in the activity of these enzymes in the heart. Lipid peroxidative products (thiobarbituricacid reactive substances and lipid hydroperoxides) were significantly increased and enzymic (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) and non-enzymic (reduced glutathione and vitamin C) antioxidants showed a significant decrease in isoproterenol-treated rats. Pretreatment with rutin (40 or 80 mg kg(-1)) to isoproterenol-treated rats orally for a period of 42 days daily caused a significant effect. Administration of rutin to normal rats did not have any significant effect on any of the parameters studied. The results of our study show that rutin possesses antioxidant activity in isoproterenol-induced experimental myocardial infarction.

89 citations


Cites methods from "A colorimetric method for the deter..."

  • ...Aspartate transaminase in serum and heart was assayed by the method of Reitman & Frankel (1957) using a reagent kit (Qualigens diagnostics, Product No. 72141, Mumbai, India)....

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  • ...Alanine transaminase in serum and heart was assayed by the method of Reitman & Frankel (1957) using a reagent kit (Product No.72151, Qualigens diagnostics, Mumbai, India)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study demonstrates the hepatoprotective activity of Trichosanthes cucumerina and thus scientifically supports the usage of this plant in various Ayurvedic preparations and traditional medicine for treatment of liver disorders.

89 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Oral administration of artemether, coartem and halofantrine has adverse effects on both enzymic and non-enzymatic antioxidant status of the animals, indicating that the liver is considerably more affected than the kidneys.
Abstract: Artemether, artemether-lumefantrine, or coartem and halofantrine are alternative antimalarial drugs to chloroquine. Their efficacy and potential to delay drug resistance in falciparum malaria had led to their increased use. Although these drugs have proven to be well tolerated, there are adverse effects associated with them. This study was designed to examine the toxic potential of acute administration of these drugs in rats. Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups: group I (control) received distilled water; group II received artemether for 5 days with an initial dose of 3.2 g/kg body weight on day 1 and 1.6 mg/kg body weight on days 2-5; group III received coartem (27 mg/kg body weight/day) for 3 days, which was divided into two equal portions per day; and group IV received halofantrine (24 mg/kg body weight/day) in three equal portions. Administration of artemether, coartem and halofantrine caused significant decrease (P 0.05) in the kidney glutathione levels. Furthermore, artemether, coartem and halofantrine decreased the liver- and kidney-enzymatic antioxidant status of the animals. Precisely, artemether, coartem and halofantrine decreased liver superoxide dismutase and catalase activities by 45%, 50% and 57%; and 20%, 29% and 23%, respectively. While the kidney catalase activities were decreased by 41%, 28% and 30%, respectively, the drugs however did not produce significant effect (P > 0.05) on the kidney superoxide dismutase activities. In addition, artemether, coartem and halofantrine decreased the hepatic levels of glutathione S-transferase by 64%, 51% and 53%, respectively. Administration of artemether, coartem and halofantrine significantly increased (P < 0.05) liver and kidney lipid peroxidation levels by 67%, 50% and 81%; and 58%, 43% and 31%, respectively. This indicates that the liver is considerably more affected than the kidneys. Similarly, halofantrine treatment caused significant elevation (P < 0.05) in the levels of serum creatinine, aspartate and alanine aminotransferases and blood urea nitrogen by 73%, 66%, 61% and 63%, respectively. These data indicate that oral administration of artemether, coartem and halofantrine has adverse effects on both enzymic and non-enzymatic antioxidant status of the animals.

89 citations