A comparative study of control techniques of distribution-STATCOM under abnormal source voltage
01 Feb 2016-pp 166-171
TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of five control techniques for reference currents extraction of D-STATCOM under balanced, unbalanced and distorted voltage condition is compared in Matlab/Simulink environment.
Abstract: The most important concern regarding a power system is the quality of its power. The main cause of most of the issues is nonlinear loads only. D-STATCOM has turned out to be a good solution to solve this problem because of its ability to compensate reactive power and harmonic components demand of the nonlinear loads. This paper presents comprehensive analysis of comparison the performance of five control techniques for reference currents extraction of D-STATCOM under balanced, un-balanced and distorted voltage condition. The algorithms to be compared are symmetrical components based algorithm, IRP theory, generalized IRP theory, SRF method, and synchronous detection method respectively those are widely used in D-STATCOM. These all algorithms have been simulated in Matlab/Simulink environment. The theoretical study and simulation testing shows the performance and accuracy of considered algorithms in case of balanced unbalanced and distorted source voltage conditions.
Citations
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TL;DR: This work presents the designing and simulation of a photovoltaic fed Distribution-STATCOM for compensation of harmonics and reactive power of a three phase induction motor based drive and verifies the capability of proposed DSTATCOM model.
Abstract: As a result of rapid advancement in electrical and electronics technologies, the application of power electronics is growing day by day due to the significant advantages offered. But as a downside ...
18 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a 3-phase shunt active power filter (SAPF) is designed for compensation of harmonics resulted in the feeder current owing to the customer side nonlinearity.
Abstract: Shunt active power filter (SAPF) belongs to the class of custom power devices (CPDs) and offers compensation to harmonics originated owing to customer side nonlinear loads, reactive power and unbalance in the distribution power networks functioning in current control mode (CCM). The performance of a SAPF as a harmonic compensator entirely relies on the control technique i.e. the precise detection of the harmonic current components of load that are necessary to be compensated. In the present work, a 3-phase SAPF, inspired by a Lyapunov function based control approach, has been designed for compensation of harmonics resulted in the feeder current owing to the customer side nonlinearity. A control law is determined in the proposed strategy which makes the derivative of the Lyapunov function consistently a negative one for an entire set of stable states. The DC-link capacitor voltage is regulated at constant reference through the proportional-integral (PI) controller. In this method rating of the shunt active power filter is considerably reduced than the other two broadly employed conventional methods. Furthermore, the harmonic compensation efficacy of the proposed Lyapunov function based SAPF is compared with the one based on other two conventional approaches under four different system scenarios namely a simple nonlinear load with and without utility side voltage distortion, a modified IEEE 13 bus test distribution system loaded with a 3-phase chopper fed direct current (DC) motor drive at a single bus and last especially for increasing the harmonic-constrained penetration level of renewable energy. Results obtained through simulation performed in MATLAB/Simulink shows that total harmonic distortion (THD) of source current and dynamic, as well as steady-state performance with Lyapunov function based controller, is significantly improved than the other two conventional methods. Also, the robust compensation performance of the SAPF empowers it to deal with the high penetration of renewable energy.
18 citations
TL;DR: A double fundamental signal extracter using third-order signal integrator-based control technique is used for the improvement of power quality of single phase grid interfaced with hybrid wind energy generation system (WEGS) and solar photovoltaic array under weak grid conditions.
Abstract: In this study, a double fundamental signal extracter using third-order signal integrator-based control technique is used for the improvement of power quality of single phase grid interfaced with hybrid wind energy generation system (WEGS) and solar photovoltaic (PV) array under weak grid conditions. The control algorithm is proposed for the extraction of dual fundamental components of load current and to extract fundamental grid voltage for synchronisation to the grid. The main objective of the system is to establish secure, reliable and safe integration while mitigating several power quality issues such as total harmonic distortion (THD) of the grid current, DC current injection. The system operates in distribution static compensator mode in the absence of renewable energy sources and also, maintains the grid current THD as per the limit of the IEEE-519 standard. For optimal power extraction from WEGS as well as the solar PV array, perturb and observe algorithm is used. The prototype developed in the laboratory is tested under different operating conditions such as variable wind speed, grid voltage sag/swell, variable solar insolation, and varying load conditions.
16 citations
13 Sep 2021
TL;DR: In this article, a Lyapunov function established control method has been modeled for a three-phase SAPF for compensating the harmonic currents generated by industrial motor drives in power distribution networks.
Abstract: SAPF, or Shunt Active Power Filter, is a bespoke power device that adjusts harmonics, improve power factor, and imbalance generated by various forms of non-linear loads in the distribution system. The control mechanism, i.e. the accurate detection of the current constituents, governs SAPF's efficacy as a harmonics compensator. In present work, a Lyapunov function established control method has been modeled for a three-phase SAPF for compensating the harmonic currents generated by industrial motor drives in power distribution networks. In this method, a control law has been found that renders the Lyapunov function continually remains -ive in wholly state values. Further, for keeping a constant reference dc-link capacitor voltage, PI-controller has been used. In MATLAB/Simulink, the technique was evaluated on a reformed test IEEE 13-bus distribution network feeding a three-phase chopper supplied DC motor drive on a solo bus. Comparison of outcomes attained through Matlab simulation also validates that the total harmonic distortion (THD) of source current and dynamic along with steady-state performance is enhanced in comparison to the former traditional approaches. Additionally, the rating of SAPF in the suggested technique has also been found to be considerably reduced in comparison to the other conventional methods.
1 citations
Peer Review•
TL;DR: In this article , a Distribution Static Compensator (D-STATCOM), one of the custom power products is used for compensation of reactive power i.e. unbalance in line thus protecting the electrical system from a polluting (flicker producing) Load.
Abstract: : New technologies, using power Electronics-based concepts, have been Developed to provide protection for Commercial and industrial customers from Power quality problems on the electrical Distribution system known as Custom Power Products. Custom power devices are classified into three categories by their structures such as dynamic voltage regulator (DVR), distribution static compensator (STATCOM) and unified power quality compensator (UPQC). The Distribution Static Compensator (D-STATCOM), one of the custom power product, is a shunt-connected Power electronics-based device, is used for compensation of reactive power i.e. unbalance in line thus protecting the electrical system from a polluting (flicker producing) Load. The STATCOM can be used in place of a traditional static VAR Compensator and offers many advantages. This consists of three phase voltage source inverter, injection transformer, DC LINK. The performance of the STATCOM depends on the control algorithm i.e. the extraction of the current components. So, for this, there are various control algorithms for the control of STATCOM block depending on various theories and strategies like phase shift control
References
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Book•
01 Oct 1995
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a power quality evaluation procedure for the purpose of measuring the power quality of a power supply. But, they do not define the specific classes of power quality problems.
Abstract: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION What is Power Quality? Power Quality -- Voltage Quality Why Are We Concerned About Power Quality? The Power Quality Evaluation Procedure Who Should Use This Book Overview of the Contents CHAPTER 2: TERMS AND DEFINITIONS Need for a Consistent Vocabulary General Classes of Power Quality Problems Transients Long-Duration Voltage Variations Short-Duration Voltage Variations Voltage Imbalance Waveform Distortion Voltage Fluctuation Power Frequency Variations Power Quality Terms Ambiguous Terms CBEMA and ITI Curves References CHAPTER 3: VOLTAGE SAGS AND INTERRUPTIONS Sources of Sags and Interruptions Estimating Voltage Sag Performance Fundamental Principles of Protection Solutions at the End-User Level Evaluating the Economics of Different Ride-Through Alternatives Motor-Starting Sags Utility System Fault-Clearing Issues References CHAPTER 4: TRANSIENT OVERVOLTAGES Sources of Transient Overvoltages Principles of Overvoltage Protection Devices for Overvoltage Protection Utility Capacitor-Switching Transients Utility System Lightning Protection Managing Ferroresonance Switching Transient Problems with Loads Computer Tools for Transients Analysis References CHAPTER 5: FUNDAMENTALS OF HARMONICS Harmonic Distortion Voltage versus Current Distortion Harmonics versus Transients Harmonic Indexes Harmonic Sources from Commercial Loads Harmonic Sources from Industrial Loads Locating Harmonic Sources System Response Characteristics Effects of Harmonic Distortion Interharmonics References Bibliography CHAPTER 6: APPLIED HARMONICS Harmonic Distortion Evaluations Principles for Controlling Harmonics Where to Control Harmonics Harmonic Studies Devices for Controlling Harmonic Distortion Harmonic Filter Design: A Case Study Case Studies Standards of Harmonics References Bibliography CHAPTER 7: LONG-DURATION VOLTAGE VARIATIONS Principles of Regulating the Voltage Devices for Voltage Regulation Utility Voltage Regulator Application Capacitors for Voltage Regulation End-User Capacitor Application Regulating Utility Voltage with Distributed Resources Flicker References Bibliography CHAPTER 8: POWER QUALITY BENCHMARKING Introduction Benchmarking Process RMS Voltage Variation Indices Harmonics Indices Power Quality Contracts Power Quality Insurance Power Quality State Estimation Including Power Quality in Distribution Planning References Bibliography CHAPTER 9: DISTRIBUTED GENERATION AND POWER QUALITY Resurgence of DG DG Technologies Interface to the Utility System Power Quality Issues Operating Conflicts DG on Distribution Networks Siting DGDistributed Generation Interconnection Standards Summary References Bibliography CHAPTER 10: WIRING AND GROUNDING Resources Definitions Reasons for Grounding Typical Wiring and Grounding Problems Solutions to Wiring and Grounding Problems Bibliography CHAPTER 11: POWER QUALITY MONITORING Monitoring Considerations Historical Perspective of Power Quality Measuring Instruments Power Quality Measurement Equipment Assessment of Power Quality Measurement Data Application of Intelligent Systems Power Quality Monitoring Standards References Index INDEX
1,991 citations
"A comparative study of control tech..." refers background or methods in this paper
...Symmetrical Components Based Algorithm: Reference [8] suggested a novel technique to resolve the shortcoming that components of zero sequence can’t be controlled using the technique stated in [5]....
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...[8] proposed a methodology that the DSTATCOM consumes the average component of zero sequence power, Δp = p0, supplied by source side and supplies it direct in the load by zero sequence....
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...D. Symmetrical Components Based Algorithm: Reference [8] suggested a novel technique to resolve the shortcoming that components of zero sequence can’t be controlled using the technique stated in [5]....
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...The too much VAR drawn by load results in greater than before transmission losses and greater than before utility charges due to poor power factor [7, 8]....
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TL;DR: This new control method aims to compensate harmonics and first harmonic unbalance and is compared with the instantaneous active and reactive power p-q method under various mains voltage conditions and for different harmonic injection high-pass filters.
Abstract: A shunt active filter based on the instantaneous active and reactive current component i/sub d/-i/sub q/ method is proposed. This new control method aims to compensate harmonics and first harmonic unbalance. To evaluate its relative performance, it is compared with the instantaneous active and reactive power p-q method under various mains voltage conditions and for different harmonic injection high-pass filters. Both methods are completely frequency-independent, however under distorted mains voltages the proposed method presents a better harmonic compensation performance. The system synthesis and implementation are performed. Simulation and experimental results are presented.
406 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a nonlinear adaptive notch filter based on the concept of an enhanced phase-locked loop (PLL) is proposed for online signal analysis for power systems protection, control and power quality enhancement.
Abstract: This paper presents various applications of a nonlinear adaptive notch filter which operates based on the concept of an enhanced phase-locked loop (PLL). Applications of the filter for online signal analysis for power systems protection, control and power quality enhancement are presented. The proposed scheme can be applied for signal analysis both under stationary and nonstationary conditions. Based on digital time-domain simulations, applications of the filter for (a) sinusoidal waveform peak detection, (b) harmonic identification/detection, (c) detection/extraction of individual components of a signal, (d) instantaneous reactive current extraction, (e) disturbance detection, (f) noise reduction in zero-crossings detection, and (g) amplitude (phase) demodulation for flicker estimation, are presented.
307 citations
"A comparative study of control tech..." refers background in this paper
...The increasing importance of efficiency of distribution system has resulted in constant growth of use of devices for example drives of variable-speed motor and shunt capacitors connection for improvement of power-factor to minimize transmission losses [2-4]....
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TL;DR: The proposed scheme utilizes neural network-based decomposition of the load current into positive and negative sequence fundamental frequency component, reactive component and harmonic components and facilitates selective compensation which respects the limited rating of APF.
Abstract: Active power filters (APFs) have been used to compensate harmonics, reactive current, and negative sequence fundamental frequency current drawn by nonlinear loads. The control of APF is the core issue for their proper operation. The flexibility of selective compensation embedded in the control scheme makes APF versatile for compensation of reactive power, harmonic currents, and unbalance in source currents and their combinations, depending upon the limited rating of voltage source inverter employed as APF. The proposed scheme utilizes neural network-based decomposition of the load current into positive and negative sequence fundamental frequency component, reactive component and harmonic components. The adaline-based current decomposer estimates the reference currents through tracking of unit vectors together with tuning of the weights. The implementation of the control scheme facilitates selective compensation which respects the limited rating of the APF. The simulated results using developed MATLAB model are presented and are validated by experimental results to depict the effectiveness of the proposed control method of APF
178 citations
"A comparative study of control tech..." refers background or methods in this paper
...= − − + ∆− + (16) = 1 ⁄ √2 1 01 ⁄ √2 −1 2 −√3 21 √2 −1 2 −√3/2 − (17) 978-1-4673-9745-2 ©2016 IEEE E. Synchronous Detection Algorithm: Ref. of [7] considers as the preferred 3-phase current levels of source after compensation by D-STATCOM are represented by Im=Ima=Imb=Imc, where Imk = 2Pk/Vmk, k=a, b, c, and further Pk, k=a, b, c are average real power supplied by each source phase, where Vmk, k=a, b, c, are peak voltages of each phase, correspondingly....
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...D. Symmetrical Components Based Algorithm: Reference [8] suggested a novel technique to resolve the shortcoming that components of zero sequence can’t be controlled using the technique stated in [5]....
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...Gary W. Chang, Senior Member, IEEE, and Tai-Chang Shee, NonMember, “A Comparative Study of Active Power Filter Reference Compensation Approaches”, IEEE Trans....
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...Symmetrical Components Based Algorithm: Reference [8] suggested a novel technique to resolve the shortcoming that components of zero sequence can’t be controlled using the technique stated in [5]....
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...Synchronous Reference Frame Algorithm The synchronous reference frame theory uses first the transformation of 3-phase load currents in to synchronously rotating d-q frame [5]....
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25 Jul 2002
TL;DR: In this article, a comparative study of six approaches for determining reference compensation currents of shunt active power filters to maintain sinusoidal source currents supplied to nonlinear loads is presented.
Abstract: This paper present a comparative study of the effectiveness of six approaches for determining reference compensation currents of shunt active power filters to maintain sinusoidal source currents supplied to nonlinear loads. These approaches to be compared include instantaneous reactive power theory, instantaneous power theory based on symmetrical components, generalized instantaneous reactive power theory, synchronous reference frame method, synchronous detection method, and a novel approach in the a-b-c reference frame based on symmetrical components. Simulation results show that the six approaches are all effective on compensating reactive and harmonic components of load currents under ideal source voltages. However, when the source voltages are either unbalanced or nonsinusoidal, each approach presents inconsistent results on maintaining sinusoidal source current.
60 citations
"A comparative study of control tech..." refers background in this paper
...resent-Generation consumer appliance, with power electronic devices and μp-based controls, are very sensitive to quality of power with respect to conventional appliances [1]....
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