A Comparative Study of Various Routing Technique for Wireless Sensor Network with Sink and Node Mobility
01 Jan 2018-pp 227-236
TL;DR: This review paper mainly concentrates on the study of different protocols that are used for efficient energy consumption using the mobile sink and mobile sensor nodes.
Abstract: Sensor network is made up of a large number of sensor nodes for communication. Some nodes can work as a gateway which transmits data to the sink. These nodes are considered as a bottleneck in multi-hop networks because they send data collected from other nodes, and hence it drains their energy quickly. This problem is known as Hot Spot problem. So, for balancing the energy throughout the network, sink and node mobility can be used. A mobile sink could collect data without the need of gateway, and hence the problem of a bottleneck in the multi-hop network can be minimized. Along with the sink, sensor nodes also can be made mobile. Energy efficiency of WSN is achieved by using mobile sensors and mobile sink with enhanced coverage, and better channel capacity. There are various routing protocols to reduce energy consumption in a mobile WSN. This review paper mainly concentrates on the study of different protocols that are used for efficient energy consumption using the mobile sink and mobile sensor nodes.
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18 May 2009
TL;DR: The performance of proposed CBR Mobile-WSN protocol is evaluated using MATLAB and it has been observed that the proposed protocol reduces the packet loss by 25% compared to LEACH-Mobile protocol.
Abstract: Mobility of sensor nodes posed new challenges particularly in energy consumption and demands researchers' attention. Some real applications impose combined environments of fixed and mobile sensor nodes in the same network, while others demand a complete mobile sensors environment. Packet loss that occurs due to mobility of the sensor nodes is one of main challenges in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and it comes in parallel with energy consumption. In this paper, we propose adaptive Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) scheduling and round free cluster head protocol called Cluster Based Routing (CBR) protocol for Mobile Nodes in Wireless Sensor Network (CBR Mobile-WSN). In this protocol the cluster head receive data from not only its member during the TDMA allocated time slot but also other sensor nodes that just enter the cluster when it has free time slots, each cluster head takes turn to be the free cluster head in the network. CBR Mobile-WSN change TDMA scheduling adaptively according to traffic and mobility characteristics. The proposed protocol sends data to cluster heads in an efficient manner based on received signal strength. The performance of proposed CBR Mobile-WSN protocol is evaluated using MATLAB and it has been observed that the proposed protocol reduces the packet loss by 25% compared to LEACH-Mobile protocol.
119 citations
21 May 2014
TL;DR: A prototype system implementation shows that the proposed people-centric sensing system is efficient in monitoring human activities and in interacting with the living environment.
Abstract: With more and more applications of Internet of things (IoT) technologies, the quality of life of residents is one of the most important aspects in smart cities. Specially, home healthcare monitoring for the disabled and / or the elderly has become a focus of recent researches and developments. Existing home healthcare systems have drawbacks such as simple and few functionalities, weak interaction and poor mobility. This paper presents a home mobile healthcare (mHealth) system for wheelchair users, based on the emerging IoT technologies. The paper focuses on the proposed system architecture and the design of wireless body sensor networks (WBSNs). The nodes of WBSNs include wireless heart rate and ECG sensors, wireless pressure detecting cushion, home environment sensing nodes and control actuators. A prototype system implementation shows that the proposed people-centric sensing system is efficient in monitoring human activities and in interacting with the living environment.
99 citations
TL;DR: Rigorous simulation results depict the energy efficiency, throughput, and prolonged lifetime of the nodes under the influence of the proposed protocol.
Abstract: Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are resource constrained. Energy is one of the most important resources in such networks. Therefore, optimal use of energy is necessary. In this paper, we present a novel energy-efficient routing protocol for WSNs. The protocol is reliable in terms of data delivery at the base station (BS). We consider mobility in sensor nodes and in the BS. The proposed protocol is hierarchical and cluster based. Each cluster consists of one cluster head (CH) node, two deputy CH nodes, and some ordinary sensor nodes. The reclustering time and energy requirements have been minimized by introducing the concept of CH panel. At the initial stage of the protocol, the BS selects a set of probable CH nodes and forms the CH panel. Considering the reliability aspect of the protocol, it puts best effort to ensure a specified throughput level at the BS. Depending on the topology of the network, the data transmission from the CH node to the BS is carried out either directly or in multihop fashion. Moreover, alternate paths are used for data transmission between a CH node and the BS. Rigorous simulation results depict the energy efficiency, throughput, and prolonged lifetime of the nodes under the influence of the proposed protocol. Future scope of this work is outlined.
72 citations
TL;DR: Simulation results validate the performance of the proposed two algorithms which can be deployed in a consumer home network environment, and an Energy-efficient Multi-sink Clustering Algorithm (EMCA) is proposed and tested.
Abstract: With the fast development of the Internet, wireless communications and semiconductor devices, home networking has received significant attention. Consumer products can collect and transmit various types of data in the home environment. Typical consumer sensors are often equipped with tiny, irreplaceable batteries and it therefore of the utmost importance to design energy efficient algorithms to prolong the home network lifetime and reduce devices going to landfill. Sink mobility is an important technique to improve home network performance including energy consumption, lifetime and end-to-end delay. Also, it can largely mitigate the hot spots near the sink node. The selection of optimal moving trajectory for sink node(s) is an NP-hard problem jointly optimizing routing algorithms with the mobile sink moving strategy is a significant and challenging research issue. The influence of multiple static sink nodes on energy consumption under different scale networks is first studied and an Energy-efficient Multi-sink Clustering Algorithm (EMCA) is proposed and tested. Then, the influence of mobile sink velocity, position and number on network performance is studied and a Mobile-sink based Energy-efficient Clustering Algorithm (MECA) is proposed. Simulation results validate the performance of the proposed two algorithms which can be deployed in a consumer home network environment1.
69 citations
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Abstract: Official statistics data show that in many countries the population is aging. In addition, there are several illnesses and disabilities that also affect a small sector of the population. In recent years, researchers and medical foundations are working in order to develop systems based on new technologies and enhance the quality of life of them. One of the cheapest ways is to take advantage of the features provided by the smartphones. Nowadays, the development of reduced size smartphones, but with high processing capacity, has increased dramatically. We can take profit of the sensors placed in smartphones in order to monitor disabled and elderly people. In this paper, we propose a smart collaborative system based on the sensors embedded in mobile devices, which permit us to monitor the status of a person based on what is happening in the environment, but comparing and taking decisions based on what is happening to its neighbors. The proposed protocol for the mobile ad hoc network and the smart system algorithm are described in detail. We provide some measurements showing the decisions taken for several common cases and we also show the performance of our proposal when there is a medium size group of disabled or elderly people. Our proposal can also be applied to take care of children in several situations.
44 citations