A comparison of hepatoprotective activity of Bacoside to Silymarin treatment against a combined Isoniazid and Rifampin-induced hepatotoxicity in female Wistar rats.
TL;DR: The hepatoprotective effect of Bacoside against INH- and RIF-induced toxicity in Wistar albino rats was demonstrated and seems similar to the normal control and Silymarin-treated groups.
Abstract: The liver is an important organ that plays a vital role in homeostasis maintenance and regulation. Any liver damage or injury caused by drugs or chemicals is called hepatotoxicity. Isoniazid and rifampin are drugs used separately to treat tuberculosis but have unique side effects and potential hepatotoxicity. The metabolism of isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (RIF) takes place in liver hence hepatotoxicity is the main cause of their continuous use. Bacoside was obtained from the plant Bacopa monnieri, a dammarene type triterpenoid saponin, found distributed throughout India. Bacoside has been used as a nerve tonic, a free radical scavenger, and antioxidant. It is known that the combined INH-RIF induced hepatotoxicity can be antagonized by maintaining hepatocyte membrane integrity in rats. Silymarin, an herbal drug, and its component silybin were reported to work as lipid peroxidation inhibitors and antioxidants which scavenge free radicals. Due to minimal toxicity and no adverse drug interactions, Silymarin is used to treat various medically confirmed hepatic disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the beneficial effect of Bacoside against INH- and RIF-induced toxicity in livers of Wistar albino rats. Four experimental groups of rats were used to study four parameters; bodyweight, liver enzyme markers, liver antioxidant, and liver histopathology. INH- and RIF-treated rats showed abnormalities in liver markers which were normalized by Bacoside and that seems similar to the normal control and Silymarin-treated groups. Thus, the current study demonstrated the hepatoprotective effect of Bacoside against INH- and RIF-induced toxicity in Wistar albino rats.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: In this article, the hepatoprotective effect of Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman extracts against isoniazid and rifampicin induced hepatotoxicity in Swiss albino mice was investigated.
Abstract: Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the cumbersome health-related problems which render approximately 50% of liver failure and patients to receiving liver transplantation every year. Antituberculosis drugs such as isoniazid and rifampicin are potentially rendering hepatotoxicity. Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman is an herbaceous perennial plant that contributes to the indigenous ethnomedicinal values for the society. This study aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of corm of Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman extracts against isoniazid and rifampicin induced hepatotoxicity in Swiss albino mice. The study was conducted on 30 Swiss albino mice randomly allocated into five groups. Group I, group II, group III, group IV, and group V were the groups in which mice were given distilled water, only isoniazid and rifampicin, isoniazid and rifampicin along with 200 mg/kg corm of Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman extract, isoniazid and rifampicin along with 400 mg/kg corm of Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman extract, and isoniazid and rifampicin along with silymarin per oral per day, respectively. On the 30th day of the experiment, mice were sacrificed after anesthetized, and blood was drawn for the liver function test, and the liver was also taken from each experimental mouse for histopathological evaluation. Data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 subsequently exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis by using one-way ANOVA. Plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin (TBIL) of group II mice were significantly ( ) elevated as compared to group I. The group of mice treated with a corm of Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman at a dose of 400 mg/kg (group IV) and silymarin100 mg/kg (group V) showed a significant ( ) decrease in ALT, AST, ALP, and TBIL as compared to the group II. The liver section of group II showed a change in liver architecture; however, these deformities were not noticed in group IV mice. The result showed corm of Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman extract has a very promising hepatoprotective potential against isoniazid and rifampicin induced liver injury.
4 citations
TL;DR: The protective efficacy of vanillin is possibly because of radical scavenging and antioxidant property, which is greatly acknowledged for antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects.
2 citations
TL;DR: It is confirmed that the proposed prodrug can add safety as well as efficiency to future medical procedures of tuberculosis management as it restored the levels of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase enzymes to normal.
Abstract: The long-course treatment of tuberculosis with isoniazid (INH) leads to hazardous side effects on liver and poor patient compliance. To overcome these toxic effects caused by INH, a unique hepatoprotective co-drug platform was developed by tethering INH with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) – an antioxidant bile acid for possible synergistic outcome. INH and UDCA were linked into co-drug (UI ) through a bioreversible amide linkage by EDCI coupling. UI resisted hydrolysis in acidic (pH 1.2) and basic (pH 7.4) buffers and stomach homogenate of rat, whereas exhibited significant hydrolysis (83.38%) in intestinal homogenate over a period of 6 h. The effect of UI in attenuating oxidative stress and reinstating the normal physiology of liver was striking as it restored the levels of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase enzymes to normal. Result obtained for antimycobacterial activity assessment clearly demonstrated that UI was as potent as INH in lowering the mycobacterial load in mice. The outcomes of this exploration confirm that the proposed prodrug can add safety as well as efficiency to future medical procedures of tuberculosis management.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors evaluated the hepatoprotective effect of ascorbic acid against isoniazid and rifampicin-induced liver damage in rats.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the NEK modeli oluşturulan yenidoğan sıçanlarda silimarin (SLY)'nin koruyucu ve antioksidan etkilerini değerlendirmektir.
Abstract: Nekrotizan enterokolit (NEK), prematüre bebeklerde en sık görülen gastrointestinal problemdir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, NEK modeli oluşturulan yenidoğan sıçanlarda silimarin (SLY)'nin koruyucu ve antioksidan etkilerini değerlendirmektir. Yirmi sekiz Sprague-Dawley sıçanı çalışmaya dahil edildi. Sıçanlar rastgele dört gruba ayrıldı: kontrol (C), C+SLY, NEK ve NEK+SLY. NEK, hiperosmolar enteral formül beslenmesi ile indüklendi, yavru sıçanlar hipoksi ve soğuk stresine maruz bırakıldı. Bağırsak dokusunun makroskopik skorlaması değerlendirildi ve biyokimyasal, histopatolojik inceleme için doku örnekleri alındı. Süperoksit dismutaz (SOD), glutatyon peroksidaz (GPx), nitrik oksit (NO), malondialdehit (MDA), total antioksidan status (TAS), total oksidan status (TOS) ve oksidatif stres indeksi (OSI) düzeyleri biyokimyasal olarak değerlendirildi. NEK+SLY grubunda doku TAS (p = 0,007), SOD (p = 0,004) ve GPx düzeylerinde önemli artış ve NO düzeylerinde azalma vardı. NEK grubunda doku MDA, TOS (p = 0,001) ve OSI (p = 0,001) değerleri anlamlı derecede yüksek saptandı. NEK + SLY grubundaki sıçanların bağırsak dokusu, değerlendirildiğinde NEC grubundaki sıçanlardan daha iyi histopatolojiye sahipti. Silimarin, neonatal sıçanlarda NEK'e karşı faydalı etkilere sahiptir. SLY'nin serbest radikal düzeylerini ve oksidatif stresi azalttığı, antioksidan kapasiteyi arttırdığı ve NEK'e bağlı bağırsak hasarının şiddetini iyileştirdiği görülmektedir.
References
More filters
TL;DR: The autoxidation of pyrogallol was investigated in the presence of EDTA in the pH range 7.9–10.6, indicating an almost total dependence on the participation of the superoxide anion radical, O2·−, in the reaction.
Abstract: The autoxidation of pyrogallol was investigated in the presence of EDTA in the pH range 7.9–10.6.
The rate of autoxidation increases with increasing pH. At pH 7.9 the reaction is inhibited to 99% by superoxide dismutase, indicating an almost total dependence on the participation of the superoxide anion radical, O2·−, in the reaction. Up to pH 9.1 the reaction is still inhibited to over 90% by superoxide dismutase, but at higher alkalinity, O2·− -independent mechanisms rapidly become dominant.
Catalase has no effect on the autoxidation but decreases the oxygen consumption by half, showing that H2O2 is the stable product of oxygen and that H2O2 is not involved in the autoxidation mechanism.
A simple and rapid method for the assay of superoxide dismutase is described, based on the ability of the enzyme to inhibit the autoxidation of pyrogallol.
A plausible explanation is given for the non-competitive part of the inhibition of catechol O-methyltransferase brought about by pyrogallol.
9,030 citations
TL;DR: A simple colorimetric assay for catalase activity has been described using K2Cr2O7/acetic acid reagent to determine values of different enzyme sources and compared with the values obtained by titrimetric methods.
4,827 citations
TL;DR: Although remarkable advances have been made, much remains to be learned about the molecular genetic basis of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, it is reasonable to believe that development of new therapeutics based on knowledge obtained from the study of the molecular mechanisms of resistance will occur.
1,136 citations
TL;DR: Clinical guidance is provided with regard to the detection, evaluation, and possible prevention of drug-related hepatotoxicity in patients exposed to hepatotoxic effects of new medication.
Abstract: Given its rarity, drug-related hepatotoxicity may not be seen during the initial clinical trials of a new medication. After approval, when many more patients are exposed, toxic effects that are very infrequent may emerge. This review explains the difficulties in identifying the cause of hepatotoxic effects in such situations and provides clinical guidance with regard to the detection, evaluation, and possible prevention of drug-related hepatotoxicity.
944 citations
TL;DR: Silymarin and its active constituent, silybin, have been reported to work as antioxidants scavenging free radicals and inhibiting lipid peroxidation, and to protect against genomic injury and stabilize mast cells, chelate iron, and slow calcium metabolism.
709 citations