A comparison of neurodegeneration linked with neuroinflammation in different brain areas of rats after intracerebroventricular colchicine injection
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Cites background or result from "A comparison of neurodegeneration l..."
...The present study showed decrease of serum corticosterone level in ICIR in comparison to control and sham operated rats as has been also reported earlier (Sil et al.,2015, 2016 d)....
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...Serum inflammatory markers (TNF α, ROS and nitrite) were increased in ICIR and have also been reported in our earlier studies (Sil et al., 2014, 2016 c)....
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...Neuroinflammation in ICIR was also linked with peripheral inflammation and alteration of immune responses probably through leaky blood brain barrier (BBB) (Sil et al., 2014, 2016c)....
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...ICIR has been considered by many investigators as a model of dementia and some studies have pointed out its similarities with sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) ( Emerich and Walsh, 1999; Kumar et al 2006, 2007 Sil et al 2014, 2016a)....
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...The involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) has been indicated in the process of neuroinflammation in ICIR (Kumar et al. 2006, 2007, Sil et al., 2014, 2016a, b, c)....
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References
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...A sample (25ml) of this material was then assessed for protein content using the method of Lowry et al. (1951), with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the standard....
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"A comparison of neurodegeneration l..." refers methods in this paper
...Nitrite levels in the tissue samples were estimated by the method of Green et al. (1982)....
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"A comparison of neurodegeneration l..." refers methods in this paper
...Colchicine (7.5 mg in 2.5 ml of artificial CSF) was injected into the lateral ventricle of each side of the rat brain using stereotaxic coordinates: AP at 0.6 mm from bregma; L at ±1.5 mm from midline; and V at 2.8 mm from the skull surface (Paxinos & Watson, 1986)....
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...…necrosis factor [TNF]- ), Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and these cytokines, in turn, further cause increased microglial activation present in the surroundings leading to further neurodegeneration (Aloisi, 2001; Gehrmann et al., 1995; Nyoman & Darmadipura, 2007)....
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...These events cause further microglial activation; it is this sustained activation of microglia that results in progressive neurodegeneration (Aloisi, 2001; Gehrmann et al., 1995; Nyoman & Darmadipura, 2007; Rai et al., 2013)....
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...Degenerating neurons and plaques generate inflammatory mediators that may activate microglia and astrocytes which generate several neurotoxic cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1 , IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]- ), Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and these cytokines, in turn, further cause increased microglial activation present in the surroundings leading to further neurodegeneration (Aloisi, 2001; Gehrmann et al., 1995; Nyoman & Darmadipura, 2007)....
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...E-mail: tusharkantighosh53@yahoo.in that adds onto the neurodegeneration by causing increased release of neurotoxic cytokines, as well as of more ROS and RNS (Aloisi, 2001; Gehrmann et al., 1995; Nyoman & Darmadipura, 2007)....
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...In turn, the degenerating neurons release neurotoxic cytokines that activate microglia (Austin & Combs, 2008) and astrocytes that then generate more neurotoxic cytokines (including IL-1 and TNF ), as well as ROS and RNS....
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