A compendium on metal organic framework materials and their derivatives as electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation reaction
TL;DR: In this paper, the synthesis strategies of metal organic framework materials and their derivatives for methanol oxidation reaction are discussed and the electrocatalytic reactivity in correlation with the structure and surface properties of the framework materials are addressed in detail.
About: This article is published in Molecular Catalysis.The article was published on 2021-06-01. It has received 31 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Direct methanol fuel cell & Electrocatalyst.
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01 Jan 2015
TL;DR: In this article, mesoporous spinel NiCo2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized via a simple hydrothermal strategy and their physicochemical properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive Xray spectra (SEM-EDS), Xray photoelectron spectra and nitrogen sorption measurements.
Abstract: Mesoporous spinel NiCo2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized via a simple hydrothermal strategy. Their physicochemical properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectra (SEM-EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) and nitrogen sorption measurements. Their electrocatalytic performances were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperomerty (CA) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests. The obtained NiCo2O4 materials exhibit a particle size of about 200 nm, a specific surface area (SSA) of 88.94 m2 g−1 and a mesopore volume of 0.195 cm3 g−1. The binary electroactive sites of Co and Ni species, high electron conductivity and intriguing mesoporous structures of the NiCo2O4 electrode favor its desirable electro-catalytic activity. A current density of 93 mA cm−2 at 0.6 V in 1 M KOH and 0.5 M CH3OH electrolytes was obtained for CH3OH electro-oxidation, and a current density of 130 mA cm−2 at −0.3 V in 3 M NaOH and 0.5 M H2O2 electrolytes was achieved for H2O2 electro-reduction. Moreover, the NiCo2O4 electrode exhibits a high stability for both catalytic reactions, showing the potential for further development of high performance non-Pt catalysts based alkaline fuel cells (AFCs).
91 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a review of the recent advances, challenges, and opportunities for removal, degradation, and electrochemical sensing 4-aminophenol (4-AP) in real samples is presented.
Abstract: p_Aminophenol, namely 4-aminophenol (4-AP), is an aromatic compound including hydroxyl and amino groups contiguous together on the benzene ring, which are suitable chemically reactive, amphoteric, and alleviating agents in nature. Amino phenols are appropriate precursors for synthesizing oxazoles and oxazines. However, since the toxicity of aniline and phenol can harm human and herbal organs, it is essential to improve a reliable technique for the determination of even a trace amount of amino phenols, as well as elimination or (bio)degradation/photodegradation of it to protect both the environment and people's health. For this purpose, various analytical methods have been suggested up till now, including spectrophotometry, liquid chromatography, spectrofluorometric and capillary electrophoresis, etc. However, some drawbacks such as the requirement of complex instruments, high costs, not being portable, slow response time, low sensitivity, etc. prevent them to be employed in a wide range and swift in-situ applications. In this regard, besides the efforts such as (bio)degradation/photodegradation or removal of 4-AP pollutants from real samples, electroanalytical techniques have become a promising alternative for monitoring them with high sensitivity. In this review, it was aimed to emphasize and summarize the recent advances, challenges, and opportunities for removal, degradation, and electrochemical sensing 4-AP in real samples. Electroanalytical monitoring of amino phenols was reviewed in detail and explored the various types of electrochemical sensors applied for detecting and monitoring in real samples. Furthermore, the various technique of removal and degradation of 4-AP in industrial and urban wastes were also deliberated. Moreover, deep criticism of multifunctional nanomaterials to be utilized as a catalyst, adsorbent/biosorbent, and electroactive material for the fabrication of electrochemical sensors was covered along with their unique properties. Future perspectives and conclusions were also criticized to pave the way for further studies in the field of application of up-and-coming nanostructures in environmental applications.
90 citations
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11 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a simple hydrothermal approach was employed to synthesize a homogeneous and compact ZnFe 2 O 4 -ZrO 4 nanoparticles on the surface of ZrO 2, and it was utilized as a supporting material for Pt nanoparticles.
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5,461 citations
TL;DR: This crystal structure for porous chromium terephthalate, MIL-101, with large poresizes and surface area has potential as a nanomold for monodisperse nanomaterials, as illustrated here by the incorporation of Keggin polyanions within the cages.
Abstract: We combined targeted chemistry and computational design to create a crystal structure for porous chromium terephthalate, MIL-101, with very large pore sizes and surface area. Its zeotype cubic structure has a giant cell volume (approximately 702,000 cubic angstroms), a hierarchy of extra-large pore sizes (approximately 30 to 34 angstroms), and a Langmuir surface area for N2 of approximately 5900 +/- 300 square meters per gram. Beside the usual properties of porous compounds, this solid has potential as a nanomold for monodisperse nanomaterials, as illustrated here by the incorporation of Keggin polyanions within the cages.
4,369 citations
TL;DR: Recent advances in preparation, characterization, and catalytic performance of SACs are highlighted, with a focus on single atoms anchored to metal oxides, metal surfaces, and graphene, offering the potential for applications in a variety of industrial chemical reactions.
Abstract: Supported metal nanostructures are the most widely used type of heterogeneous catalyst in industrial processes. The size of metal particles is a key factor in determining the performance of such catalysts. In particular, because low-coordinated metal atoms often function as the catalytically active sites, the specific activity per metal atom usually increases with decreasing size of the metal particles. However, the surface free energy of metals increases significantly with decreasing particle size, promoting aggregation of small clusters. Using an appropriate support material that strongly interacts with the metal species prevents this aggregation, creating stable, finely dispersed metal clusters with a high catalytic activity, an approach industry has used for a long time. Nevertheless, practical supported metal catalysts are inhomogeneous and usually consist of a mixture of sizes from nanoparticles to subnanometer clusters. Such heterogeneity not only reduces the metal atom efficiency but also frequent...
3,051 citations
01 Jun 2018
TL;DR: A review of single-atom catalysts can be found in this paper, where the authors discuss the utility of SACs in a broad scope of industrially important reactions and highlight the advantages these catalysts have over those presently used.
Abstract: Single-atom catalysis has arguably become the most active new frontier in heterogeneous catalysis. Aided by recent advances in practical synthetic methodologies, characterization techniques and computational modelling, we now have a large number of single-atom catalysts (SACs) that exhibit distinctive performances for a wide variety of chemical reactions. This Perspective summarizes recent experimental and computational efforts aimed at understanding the bonding in SACs and how this relates to catalytic performance. The examples described here illustrate the utility of SACs in a broad scope of industrially important reactions and highlight the advantages these catalysts have over those presently used. SACs have well-defined active centres, such that unique opportunities exist for the rational design of new catalysts with high activities, selectivities and stabilities. Indeed, given a certain practical application, we can often design a suitable SAC; thus, the field has developed very rapidly and afforded promising catalyst leads. Moreover, the control we have over certain SAC structures paves the way for designing base metal catalysts with the activities of noble metal catalysts. It appears that we are entering a new era of heterogeneous catalysis in which we have control over well-dispersed single-atom active sites whose properties we can readily tune. Single-atom catalysts are heterogeneous materials featuring active metals sites atomically dispersed on a surface. This Review describes methods by which we prepare and characterize these materials, as well as how we can tune their catalytic performance in a variety of important reactions.
2,306 citations
Abstract: The designed construction of extended porous frameworks from soluble molecular building blocks represents one of the most challenging issues facing synthetic chemistry today. Recently, intense research activities directed toward the development of this field have included the assembly of inorganic metal clusters,1 coordination complexes,2 and organic molecules3 of great diversity into extended motifs that are held together either by strong metal-ligand bonding or by weaker bonding forces such as hydrogen-bonding and π-π interactions. Materials that have been produced in this way are referred to as modular since they are assembled from discrete molecules which can be modified to have well-defined function.4 The fact that the integrity of the building blocks is preserved during the synthesis and ultimately translated into the resulting assembled network offers numerous opportunities for designing frameworks with desirable topologies and architectures, thus paving the way for establishing connections between molecular and solid properties. At least three challenges have emerged in this area that must be reckoned with in order for the ideas of rational and designed synthesis of porous materials to become a reality with routine utility. First, it is difficult to control the orientation and stereochemistry of the building blocks in the solid state in order to achieve a given target molecular topology and architecture. Second, in most cases, the products of such assembly reactions are obtained as poorly crystalline or amorphous solids, thus prohibiting their full characterization by single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. Third, access to the pores within open structuressan aspect that is so critical to their utility as porous materialssis often prevented by either selfinterpenetration as observed for very open frameworks or strong host-guest interactions that lead to the destruction of the host framework when removal or exchange of guests is attempted. To define and investigate the parameters contributing to the assembly of materials from molecular building blocks, we have established a program aimed at constructing modular porous networks by linking inorganic metal sulfide clusters and organic molecules with transition metal ions. Our work has focused primarily on studying the issues outlined above, and this Account presents our progress toward finding viable and general solutions to these challenges. This is illustrated by some representative examples chosen from the chemistry developed in our research effort for the three building blocks shown in a-c. Their functionality, shape, size, and
2,069 citations